• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.2
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• pp.204-212
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• 2017

Soil disturbance caused by timber harvesting is widely recognized as a potential threat to forest utilization. The degree and extent of soil disturbance is believed to vary with respect to harvesting methods and logging machines. This study has conducted to assess the degree of soil disturbance associated with ground-based cut-to-length (GC) and cable yarding with whole tree (CW) harvesting methods. Soil disturbance was classified using a visual assessment of harvest unit. The properties of soils in different disturbance levels were also evaluated to understand the influence of timber harvesting on soil structure with soil core sampling method. The deep disturbance and soil compaction were observed in sites by 48% and 23% through harvesting areas for GC and CW logging methods, respectively. The results showed that logging machine and number of machine passage had significant influences on soil bulk density and porosity. Soil disturbance types such as rutted, slash cover, and compact were influenced by equipment travel trends in a GC method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.3
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• pp.372-379
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• 1994

Timber harvesting impacts on soil microbial populations and respiration rates were examined in naturally regenerating trembling aspen(Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands on two contrasting soils, an Omega loamy sand (sandy mixed, frigid Typic Udipsamment) and an Ontonagon clay loam (very fine, mixed Glossic Eutroboralf). Five timber harvesting disturbances were simulated during winter of 1990 and spring of 1991, including commercial whole-tree harvesting(CWH), winter logging trail+CWH, logging slash removal+CWH(LSR), forest floor removal+LSR(FFR), and spring compaction+FFR. Regardless of soil types, total soil respiration rates of each stand decreased slightly or remained the same after harvesting while microbial population increased progressively during the first two years following harvesting. Microbial populations increased more rapidly and constantly at the sandy site than at the clayey site, which may indicate that the soil physical and chemical conditions changed more drastically for microbial activity following timber harvesting at the sandy site than at the clayey site. However, two kinds of treatment applications-three levels of organic matter removal and two levels of compaction-did not result in significant differences in microbial population or total soil respiration rate at each site during the first two post-harvest years. Total soil respiration of the aspen stands, sum of root respiration and microbial respiration, was a poor index for the microbial activity in this study because aspen kept an active root system for the successive root-sprouts even after harvesting, which resulted in a large portion of root respiration in total respiration.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2020

This study aims to provide reference material for effective forest management techniques at the catchment scale, based on the field investigation of large woody debris (LWD) in 11 streams within a third-order forest catchment in Gangwon Province, Korea. To achieve this aim, we analyzed the morphological features of LWD pieces, and the storage and distribution status of LWD by stream order throughout the entire investigation. As a result, a total of 1,207 individual pieces of LWD were categorized into three types as follows: (ⅰ) 1,142 pieces (95%) as only trunk and 65 pieces (5%) as a trunk with root wad, (ⅱ) 1,015 pieces (84%) as non-thinned and 192 pieces (16%) as the thinned, and (ⅲ) 1,050 pieces (87%) as conifer and 157 pieces (13%) as broadleaf. Additionally, in-stream LWD loads (㎥/ha) decreased with increasing stream order, yielding 105.4, 71.3, and 35.6 for first-, second-, and third-order streams, respectively. On the other hand, the ratio of LWD jams to the total LWD volume increased with increasing stream order, yielding 11%, 43%, and 49% for first-, second-, and third-order streams, respectively. Finally, a comparison of the in-stream LWD load with previous studies in several countries around the world indicated that in-stream LWD load was positively correlated with forest stand age even though the climate, topography, forest soil type, forest composition, stand growth rate, disturbance regime, and forest management practices were different. These results could contribute to understanding the significance of LWD as a by-product of forest ecosystems and an indicator of riparian forest disturbance. Based on this, we conclude that advanced forest management techniques, including treatment of thinning slash and stand density control of riparian forest by site location (hillslope and riparian zone, or stream order), should be established in the future, taking the forest ecosystem and the aquatic environment from headwater streams to low land rivers into consideration.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.40
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• pp.193-222
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• 2020

In this study, the development of traditional contents is to be enabled to succeed the values of the heritage on the song sang during dry-field farming of Bongpyeong Memil-dorikkaejil-sori. In addition, the identity on the heritage of songs sang during farming were diagnosed, and their value in context with the history and the value as the community for succession are emphasized as the value of cultural asset to expand the discussion up to the level of traditional cultural industry works. In the Bongpyeong Memil-dorikkaejil-sori, the intrinsic artistic value, the excellence of value as the educational experience, factor for overcoming the extinction of farming songs, and the promotion direction of the storytelling on buckwheat were provided. This is breaking from the formalization and being old-fashioned on the Bongpyeong Memil-dorikkaejil-sori to focus on the symbolization of the agricultural heritage in the modern context, habituating and spreading the gene of slash-and-burn field (hwajeon or budaeki). In terms of methodology on awareness, historicity or creativity, alternative method on the folk songs in labor was provided by having critical mind on the Bongpyeong Memil-dorikkaejil-sori and buckwheat songs. By reviewing the field contextualization of designating the intangible cultural asset, suggestions were made on activating the succession, and even the method of symbolic registration on the heritage of buckwheat farming was mentioned. Heritage on agricultural culture that can represent Pyeongchang and Gangwon must be discovered to be made into a brand. In addition, the uniqueness in the Madang 'Song Madaengi Traditional Music' must be found to apply as the brand on the point in which the people around the world can have consensus for utilization. As the farming song, rediscovery of the Bongpyeong Memil-dorikkaejil-sori is required to create the sustainable status as the multi-purpose cultural contents and provide the network of professionals for activating the folk songs to enable the opportunity of qualitative substantiality and spread instead of quantitative growth. In addition, festivals for each region, especially the festival for Pyeongchang area must be utilized centrally on the development of farming songs to organize the storytelling actively.