• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.48-53
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• 2003

The steel slag, a by-product which is produced on the process of manufacturing steel by refining pig iron is mainly used as road materials after aging it. It is necessary to age steel slag for long time in air because the reaction with water and free-CaO in steel slag could make the volume expanded. Due to this reason it prevents steel slag from being used as aggregate of concrete. But steel slag used in this study is controled by a air-jet method which rapidly cools substance melted at a high temperature. Rapid cooling prevents from generating of free-CaO in steel slag. In this study, it was investigated that steel slag manufactured by air-jet method affects on concrete in the freezing and thawing. As results of this study, concrete mixed with steel slag was worse in the freezing and thawing than concrete mixed with sand in spite of using air entraining agent. To obtain durability of concrete in the freezing and thawing, it is desirable to mix 50% of steel slag in concrete per unit weight of volume.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.217-222
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• 2003

The steel slag, a by-product which is produced during the manufacture of steel by refining pig iron, is mainly used as road materials after aging it. It is necessary to age steel slag for long time in air because the reaction with water and free-CaO in steel slag could make the expansion of volume. This problem prevents steel slag from being used as aggregate for concrete. But steel slag used in this study was controled by an air-jet method which rapidly cools substance melted at a high temperature. Rapid cooling prevents from generation of free-CaO in steel slag. In this study, properties of steel slag manufactured by air-jet method and mortar used it were investigated. As results of this study, free-CaO contents were controled under 1%. Mortar used this steel slag demanded to lower water contents, higher compressive strength and lower drying shrinkage than the basic mortar in the same condition.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.453-458
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• 2001

Copper slag is produced about 700,000 tons annually though copper refining process in Korea. In the paper, a laboratory investigation was carried out to estimate the geotechnical properties of copper slag and examine the feasibility of using the copper slag as a substitute for conventional construction materials and the improvement of the soft clay deposit. The specific gravity of copper slag is 3.45, and pH is 7.83. And the size distribution of the copper slag is well graded, so usage of copper slag will be extended in Geotechnical engineering fields. Copper slag has the permeability of 3.502${\times}$10￣$^2$cm/sec, which is satisfied with the criterion of sand drainage materials.. At the same time, it is thought to be suitable material for sand mat since it meets JIS of grain size distribution. The content of CaO from steel slag is about 40 percent while that of CaO from copper slag is about 5 percent. Based on this fact, copper slag has less hardening property compared to steel slag. Therefore, copper slag can be used as vertical drains, filters, and sand mats for improving the soft deposit.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.336-340
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• 2006

Fluorspar has been essential flux in steelmaking process. The main effects of fluorspar addition are lowering of the viscosity and melting temperature of slag. In recent years, due to the increasing price and environmental problem of fluorspar, various types of fluorspar substitute have been investigated. In this study, iron oxide by-products such as sinter dust, basic oxygen furnace (BOF) sludge and mill scale were developed as a substitute in terms of waste recycling. Several plant trials were carried out by addition of briquetted substitutes of $4{\sim}6$ kg/ton to compare with the fluorspar of $0.7{\sim}1$ kg/ton. The substitutes showed a similar behavior of slag formation, phosphorus removal and MgO saturation content.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.478-489
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• 2012

Each year, about four million tons of steel slag, a by-product produced during the manufacture of steel by refining pig iron in the converter furnace, is generated. It is difficult to recycle this steel slag as aggregate for concrete because the reaction with water and free-CaO in steel slag results in a volume expansion that leads to cracking. However, the steel slag used in this study is atomized using an air-jet method, which rapidly changes the melting substance at high temperature into a solid at a room temperature and prevents free-CaO from being generated in steel slag. This rapidly-cooled steel slag has a spherical shape and is even heavier than natural aggregate, making it suitable for the aggregate of radiation shielding concrete. This study deals with the radiation shielding property of concrete that uses the rapidly-cooled steel slag from the oxidizing process in the converter furnace as fine aggregate. It was shown that the radiation shielding performance of concrete mixed with rapidly-cooled steel slag is even more superior than that of ordinary concrete.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2007년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.75-78
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• 2007

The steel slag, a by-product which is produced by refining pig iron during the manufacture of steel, is mainly used as road materials after aging. It is necessary to age steel slag for long time in air because the reaction with water and free-CaO in steel slag could make the expansion of volume. This problem prevents steel slag from being used as aggregate for concrete. However, steel slag used in this study was controled by a air-jet method which rapidly cools substance melted at a high temperature. The rapidly-chilled method would prevent from generation of free-CaO in steel slag. Also, Molten steel slag rapidly-chilled by air in high speed becomes a fine aggregate of nearly spherical shape. This study dealt with the influence of the using rate of rapidly-chilled steel slag and polymer resin on fluidity of polymer concrete, as a results Since RCSS has spherical shape and high density, up to replacement ratio of 100%, increases concrete fluidity under same polymer content and decrease polymer content in order to secure the same fluidity

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2016

There have been only a few studies focused on the stabilization of metal (loid)s in anaerobic soils such as paddy soils. In this study, laboratory-scale column tests were conducted to artificially manipulate anoxic conditions in submerged paddy fields and we observed the release behavior of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn, as well as to examine the stabilization effect of steel refining slag (SRS) on the metal(loid)s. The leachate samples were collected and chemical parameters were monitored during the test period. Results suggest that anoxic conditions were developed during submersion, and that As or heavy metals (particularly Cd) fractions bound to ferrous (Fe) /manganese (Mn) oxides were easily dissociated. Moreover, As is also reduced by itself to a trivalent form with higher mobility in the reducing environment of rice paddy soil. However, it was also shown that SRS significantly decreased the dissolution of Zn, Pb, Cd, and As in the the leachates; their removal rates in the SRS-treated soil were 66 %, 45 %, 24 %, and 84 %, respectively, of those in the control soil.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.552-557
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• 2001

Copper slag is the by-producted material on the proceeding of refining the copper. To verify applications of copper slag to vertical drain material can substitute for the sands in ground improvement, laboratory soil tests and consolidation model tests were conducted. The results of consolidation model test was analyzed as the hyperbolic method. The hyperbolic method assumes that the settlement(s) versus time(t) behavior approaches a straight line describes a hyperbolic reaction. The inverse of the slope of the line would then yield the ultimate settlement. Through in this study, copper slag is compatible with vertical drain material as like sands. Copper slag compaction pile promote the consolidation settlement.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2009

Recently, new extraction technology for manganese nodule has been developed as alternative noble metallic resources. It is important to understand thermodynamic behaviors of phosphorus in low basic slag system from the viewpoint of the refining processing optimization. Thermodynamic behaviors of phosphorus in the $FeO-MnO-CaO-SiO_2-MgO_{satd.}$ slag system were investigated at 1723 K with various oxygen potential and slag composition of low basicity. The experimental results for dependence of phosphorus on oxygen potential and slag basicity indicated that the dissolution mechanism of phosphorus into slag of low basicity could be derived as follows; $[P]+5/4O_2+(O^{2-})=({PO_{3.5}}^{2-})$ Present experimental results implied that stability of phosphorus in slag would be depended on both of $O^{2-}$ (basicity) and content of $Ca^{2+}$ in molten slag. The thermodynamic effect of FeO, MnO and $Na_2O$ on low basicity on phosphate capacity was discussed.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2007년도 춘계학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.43-46
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• 2007

This study dealt with the influence of the replacement ratio of rapidly-chilled steel slag on fluidity and compressive strength of unsaturated polyester polymer concretes. The rapidly-chilled steel slag used in this study, a by-product which is produced by refining pig iron during the manufacture of steel, was controled by a air-jet method which rapidly cools substance melted at a high temperature. Experimental results show that fluidity and compressive strength of unsaturated polyester polymer concretes increase with increasing replacement ratio of rapidly-chilled steel slag. Use of rapidly-chilled steel slag was found to be effective for improving fluidity and compressive strength of rapidly-chilled steel slag.