• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.5-8
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• 2002

The paper handles a skin tone enhancement within digitalized images, which is based on human favorite skin color. To archive a human-favorite skin tone area, lots of observers are participated in visual experiments. The statistical result of the visual experiment was reflected in a proposed skin tone enhancement algorithm and gives more reasonable human-friendly skin color reproduction on a display device. This research was accomplished to implement in our DTV related application.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.105-107
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• 2004

In this work, we suggested the method which improves the efficiency of the face detection algorithm using Pulse-Coupled Neural Network. Face detection algorithm which uses the color information is independent on size, angle, and obstruction of a face. But the use of color information encounters some problems arising from skin-tone color in the background, intensity variation within faces, and presence of random noise, and so on. Depending on these conditions, we obtained the mean and variance of skin-tone colors by experiments. Then we introduce a preprocess that the pixel with a mean value of skin-tone colors has highest level value(255) and the other pixels in the skin-tone region have values between 0 and 255 according to a normal distribution with a variance. This preprocess leads to an easy decision of the linking parameters.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.327-336
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• 2002

본 논문의 목적은 찬피부색을 지닌 사람들이 자신의 이미지를 긍정적인 이미지로 관리하고 자신감 있는 의복색을 선택하여 의상연출에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 찬피부색을 지닌 사람들이 의복색에 따라 어떠한 시각적 이미지 평가가 나타나는지를 준 실험 방법으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Red계열의 의복색에서는 vivid 톤에서 긍정적인 이미지를, dull과 dark 톤에서 부정적인 이미지를 보여주었다. 2. Yellow계열의 의복색은 vivid, bright 톤에서 긍정적인 이미지를, dull, dark 톤에서 부정적인 이미지를, cool Yellow의 light 톤에서도 긍정적인 이미지 보여주는 것으로 나타났다. 3. warm Green의 의복색은 vivid, deep 톤에서, cool Green의 vivid 톤에서 긍정적인 이미지를 나타내었다. 4. warm Blue의 의복색은 vivid, deep 톤에서 긍정적인 이미지를, cool Blue의 vivid, bright 톤에서 긍정적인 이미지를 지니며, dull 톤에서 부정적인 이미지를 보여주는 것으로 나타났다. 5. Purple계열의 의복색은 vivid, deep, light 톤에서 긍정적인 이미지를, dull 톤에서 부정적인 이미지를 보여주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 감성과학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2014

인물사진에서 피부 톤은 사진작가가 가장 중요하게 다루는 부분 중 하나이다. 인물사진의 피부 톤 변화에 따른 수용자의 감성과 선호도의 관계를 파악하기 위해 두 가지 실험이 시행됐다. 실험 1은 피부 톤을 어느 정도 변화시켜야 피실험자들이 그 차이를 감지하는지(JND)를 확인하고, 극단적 단계까지 단계별로 변화시킨 많은 수의 사진들로 실험하여 대략적 선호 분포를 파악하기 위한 것으로, 밝기가 가장 밝은 사진과 붉은(Red나 Magenta) 피부 톤 선호를 확인했다. 실험 1의 결과에 따라, 사진의 밝기를 가장 밝은 밝기로 고정하여 실험 사진들의 수를 줄이고, 높은 선호도를 보였던 마젠타는 보색인 그린(Green)과 함께 5단계로 조절하고, 나머지 색채의 샘플은 한 장으로 제한함으로써 실험 2를 심화했다. 그 결과, 중성색 피부 톤의 공통된 선호와 함께 각 성별집단 간 선호도의 상이점이 발견되었고, '행복'하거나 '편안'한 감성이 선호도와 긍정적으로 관련이 크다는 결론을 얻었다. 본 연구를 통해 같은 인물사진의 피부 톤의 조정이 그 사진에 대한 사용자의 선호에 유의미한 결과가 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) on sympathetic tone in healthy subjects. Stimulation in the conventional and burst modes was applied to the skin of the forearm overlying the median nerve. TENS was applied for 20 minutes at an intensity sufficient to produce a perceptible though not uncomfortable sensation and no muscle contracion of the forearm musculature. The change in sympathetic tone was measured with skin temperature. Skin temperature was measured at the index finger and on the volar surface of the forearm in the stimulated limb. The conventional and burst modes did not change the skin temperature at any of the two measurement sites. We conclude that TENS, as applied in this study, does not influence sympathetic tone. Further research is needed to assess the sympathetic effects of TENS on patient groups, long term treatment and other modalities.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.684-698
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• 2006

This study consists of the stimuli of a female model in her twenties with twenty-two different facial make-up. The subjects of this study are one thousand low hundred ninety seven purposive sampled-male and female grown-ups throughout the country. The period of the research was the December of 2004, one month, and the materials were analyzed by factor analysis, T-examination, analysis of variance, Cronbach's a, Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Here follows the result of the research. Firstly, Familiarity, Intelligence, Fitness, Charm, Tradition and Youth were came out as the result of factor analysis of make-up color image perception. Secondly, in age/lip color perception of bright skin tone, there was difference of Intelligence and Charm. In age/image make-up perception of bright skin tone, there was difference of Familiarity, Charm especially on Cool image make-up. Thirdly in habitant/lip color perception of dark skin tone, there was difference of Intelligence and Charm. In habitant/image make-up perception of bright skin tone, there was difference of Familiarity, Charm and of bright skin tone, Intelligence, Charm, Tradition and Youth. Fourthly, there were the interaction effects on the gender of perceivers and lip color and image make-up of perceivers habitant. Lastly, in preference rate, lip color was more affected by age and image make-up were more affected by perceivers habitant.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.141-156
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• 2013

In this paper we propose a method to detect human faces in color images. Many existing systems use a window-based classifier that scans the entire image for the presence of the human face and such systems suffers from scale variation, pose variation, illumination changes, etc. Here, we propose a lighting insensitive face detection method based upon the edge and skin tone information of the input color image. First, image enhancement is performed, especially if the image is acquired from an unconstrained illumination condition. Next, skin segmentation in YCbCr and RGB space is conducted. The result of skin segmentation is refined using the skin tone percentage index method. The edges of the input image are combined with the skin tone image to separate all non-face regions from candidate faces. Candidate verification using primitive shape features of the face is applied to decide which of the candidate regions corresponds to a face. The advantage of the proposed method is that it can detect faces that are of different sizes, in different poses, and that are making different expressions under unconstrained illumination conditions.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.575-578
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• 1999

The principal features of a face are as follows : skin-tone, symmetry, and requisites such as shape of ellipse, eyes, nose, mouth. Also, faces have different size, various shape and position. In case of application of face recognition and detection without preprocessing, efficiency of the performance is decreased. In addition, face itself, complex background, image quality, etc. are included. Therefore, previous face recognition methods are implemented on the base of specific constraints of the face image. In this paper, we propose the efficient and automatic face detection algorithm for minimizing influence such as complex background, image quality, etc. This face detection technique consists of skin-tone, candidate face region and face region extractions.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.567-581
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to provide the basic data for the development of make-up color application system, based of Korean's skin tone and the preference in make-up color to enhance the effectiveness of the education of beauty in universities. The research was conducted by the previous studies, the analyses of sale's rate of hue-cosmetics, the analytic experiment of color of cosmetics by using Spectrum Color Analyzer and other experimental researches. This research, based on the results of three preliminary researches, shows the result of evaluation from perceivers which has been come out from the experiment of having one model in her twenties being changed with twenty-two different conditions of make-up. Here follows the result of the research. Firstly, there was difference on perceiving images in terms of the gender of perceivers and especially male-group tend to have clearly perceived the gap between elegance-greyish purple, orange-natural, red-classic on monochrome make-up and contrast make-up. Secondly, in terms of lip-colors, salmon pink and pink was regarded positively to both female and male subjects and to male subjects, greyish purple was thought to be better on darker skin-tone and to female subjects, better on lighter skin-tone. Thirdly, on image make-up, romantic gives intelligent image regardless of skin-tone and gender, especially gives more positive looks to male subjects. Natural and classic elements were perceived more positively on darker skin-tone and had bigger perceiving gap in female subjects. Fourthly, in preference rate, male subjects normally preferred the look with make-up than female subjects did and salmon pink and pink lip color was preferred on the darker skin-tone.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.34-44
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to find out the efficacy of Castanea crenata Inner Shell (CCIS) distilled herbal medicine on the skin by comparing the difference effect between only simple distilled water and the CCIS distilled herbal medicine application after MTS (microneedle therapy system) treatment. Methods: The present author performed once a week and total 4 times of MTS treatment. The treatment time took about 5~10 minutes and the depth of the needle was adjusted according to the participant's skin condition. In the control group, simple distilled water was applied after MTS and in the experimental group, CCIS distilled herbal medicine was applied. One week after each treatment, the change of skin condition was measured. Two weeks after the end of the clinical trial, the skin condition was checked again. Results: In the case of the test group, there was a significant decrease in pore size and there was a significant increase in U-zone oil, skin tone and elasticity. The test group using distilled herbal medicine showed a significant effect on facial skin compared to the control group using only simple distilled water. Conclusion: Distilled herbal medicine showed an effective action on facial skin. In the case of CCIS distilled herbal medicine, it was found to have a significant effect on U-zone oil content, skin tone, pores, and skin elasticity.