• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.499-509
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• 2017

Recently, there has been increased attention to the development of new plant cultivars with enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. To develop ginseng cultivars with such traits, systematic breeding programs and comprehensive field studies are prerequisites. In this study, we applied a pure-line selection method to identify a ginseng cultivar with enhanced stress resistance. Phenotypic and agronomic characteristics, seed yield, and physiological responses to biotic and abiotic stresses were investigated according to the guidelines of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). In the newly developed 'Kowon' cultivar, the time of emergence, flowering, and berry maturity were intermediate between those of the controls, 'Yunpoong' and 'Chunpoong'. The stem length of 'Kowon' was intermediate, whereas the root length was shorter and the main root diameter was greater than those of 'Chunpoong'. In local adaptability tests conducted in three regions, the yield of 'Kowon' was $666kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$; 27% and 4% higher than that of 'Chunpoong' and 'Yunpoong'. Diseases such as Alternaria blight, Phytophthora blight, mulberry mealybug, and nematode infestation did not occur in 'Kowon'; and it also exhibited moderate resistance to damping-off and anthracnose. In these cases, yellow spots occurred on aerial parts and the rusty skin of the root, and it exhibited moderate resistance at high temperatures. Our study demonstrates that 'Kowon', which has a high root weight and enhanced biotic/abiotic stress resistance, is a superior cultivar that could increase farmers' income.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.173-182
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• 1996

This study was performed to provide the information on the clinical characteristics of the most common paroxysmal pain disorder in maxillofacial region, trigeminal neuralgia, and the effects and side effects of carbamazepine. The patients who visited Orofacial Pain Clinic, Dept. of Oral Diagnosis, Seoul National University Dental Hospital for treating paroxysmal pain were studied by history taking, clinical examination, and radiography. Sixty-two patients(male 20, female42) without any clinical and radiological abnormalities were Included. The change of pain, blood tests, and side effects were investigated periodically after administration of carbamazepine. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Almost all patient with trigeminal neuralgia were over the age of forties and it was more common in women. 2. Trigeminal neuralgia was more right sided and the involved nerve was in the order of maxillary n., mandibular n., and ophthalmic n. 3. The mean duration of suffering was 20.7 months. Eighty percent of patients had apparent trigger area. 4. The duration of pain attack was in the older of several seconds, 1 min. to 5 min., more than 10 min., and 5 min. to 10 min. The frequency of pain attack was in the order of more than 10 per day, 6-10 per day, and 1-5 per day. 5. The clinic the patients had visited for reducing neuralgic pain was in the order of dental clinic, neurology, oriental medicine, otolaryngology, and pharmacy. 6. Unnecessary dental treatments for reducing neuralgic pain were performed in 41.9% of the patients. Almosit all treatments were irreversible ones such as endodontic treatment and tooth extraction. 7. The initial mean VAS was 8.6, but it was decreased to 3.8 after 1 month, to 2.7 after 2 months. Almost all patients showed decreased pain with 200-600mg/day of carbamazepine to 6 months. 8. WBC counts, especially neutrophil counts, was decreased in 1 week after administration of carbamazepine but reached initial level after 1 month. SGOT, SGPT, and creatinine did not show any significant change. 9. Blood pressure was not changed significantly after administration of carbamazepine. 10. Almost patients did not show any apparent side effects, but drowsiness, dizziness, skin itching, constipation, and gastric irritation were occurred in some patients.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 1975

Alaska pollack caught in the Northern Pacific Ocean and frozen aboard vessel are skipped to the plant and processed into frozen fillets. In the present paper quality changes during thwaing, refreezing and storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ are discussed. Natural, running-water, vacuum and steam thawing were employed as thawing methods. And contact plate, air blast, immersion in dry ice-alcohol solution freezing and storage at $-5^{\circ}C$ were applied to refreeze the thawed fillets. As quality factors content of drip released, salt-extractable protein, VBN, DNA in the drip and pH were determined. In addition, bacteriological tests were also carried out along with the whole process. In thawing of round material, the vacuum thawing was more effective than any other method, resulting in drip, salt-extractable protein $(N\%)$, VBN and DNA as $4.4\%,\;1.82\%,\;16.21mg\%$ and $13.70\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Storage at $-5^{\circ}C$ as refreezing method yielded lower in drip and DNA content but similar to or slightly higher in both salt-extractable protein and VBN, which might postulate that the quality of the frozen fillet depends not largely on the secondary freezing but on the conditions of thawing and primary freezing. It seemed that most of the bacterial flora in thawed fillet came from skin and viscera of fish, worker's hands, utensils and other processing facilities, since sanitary indicative bacteria were not detected in the frozen flesh of round Alaska pollack. Bacterial quality of fillet varied with thawing methods, vacuum thawing appeared more sanitative compared with other methods as natural, running-water, and steam thawing. Bacterial colonies isolated from the thawed fillet were composed of $73.8\%$ Gram negative rod shape, $4.9\%$ Gram positive rod shape, $18.0\%$ cocci, and $3.3\%$ yeast. Decreasing rate of coliform group of the fillet during the storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 30 days was more than $70\%$ and that of plate count was less than of coliform group.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.575-587
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• 2013

철광산 지역의 매장량 평가를 위해 전기 및 전자탐사 방식의 물리탐사를 수행하였다. 철광산 조사에 적합한 물리탐사 기법을 결정하고 연구지역의 지질정보에 대해 파악하기 위해, 대상 지역의 시추 코어와 노두 파편으로부터 획득한 암석 코어를 분석하였다. 획득한 코어에 대해 비중, 밀도, 공극률, 비저항, P파 속도 등 5가지 물성을 측정한 결과, 자철광체가 전기적 특성에 민감하게 반응한다는 것을 확인하고 전기 탐사를 수행하기로 결정하였다. 전기비저항 탐사는 기존의 연구들을 통해서 적용 기법들이 다양하고 해상도 또한 높은 편이 알려져 있어 철광산의 조사에 적합할 것으로 판단되었으나, 심부에서는 해상도가 낮으며 탐사의 수행도 어렵다는 한계를 가지고 있다. 이에 전기비저항 탐사를 보완하기 위해 물리탐사법 중 비교적 깊은 탐사심도를 가지는 MT (MagnetoTelluric) 탐사를 추가적으로 수행하였다. 또한 MT 탐사의 천부 정보에 대한 취약성을 보완하기 위해 인공송신원을 사용하는 CSMT (Controlled Source MT) 탐사를 추가적으로 실시하였다. 전기 및 전자탐사를 통해 채광이 이루어진 광산 하부에 저비저항체가 있음을 발견하였으며, 향후 추가적인 이용 가치를 확인하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.202-213
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• 2004

Object : Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Mylabris phalerata (반모) in some kinds of cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Some kinds of cancer cells lines were treated. We used nine kinds of cancer cell lines, such as stomach cancer cells (Kato), lung cancer cells (Calu-1, NCI-H 1395), urinary bladder cancer cells (HS789T), bone cancer cells (Saos-2), brain cancer cells (SK-N-MC), liver cancer cells (Hep-G2), skin cancer cells (Mo-1) and prostate cancer cells (PC-3) with the water decoction of Mylabris phalerata. The histological changes of all cell lines in the media (RPMI-1640) containing the decoction of Mylabris phalerata were observed and we examined cell death assay by trypan blue exclusion testing was examined. Finally, the change of mitochondrial membrane potential was measurd and the inhibitory effect of Mylabris phalerata on cell increase was examined by analyzing the cell cycle. Results: In histologic change all cancer cell lines showed withdrawn and floating appearance that is typical in cellular impairment. Most of the cell lines showed over 50% death rate after 24 hours in trypan blue exclusion tests. Especially the stomach, urinary bladder. brain and liver cell lines showed over 30% death rate after 12 hours. All cell lines treated with Mylabris phalerata were less stained than the control group and the mitochondrial membrane potential in the Mylabris phalerata treated cell lines was markedly lower than that in the control group. The measurement of DNA quantity in all cell lines showed the disappearance of the peak and the thickened left axis, which suggests that all cellular DNA degraded. Conclusion: Mylabris phalerata had cytotoxicity on various kinds of cancer cell lines and the mechanism of that was the impairment of mitochondria by the breakdown of the mitochondrial cell membrane. We propose that this is in part attributable to the destruction of DNA in cancer cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.540-551
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• 2020

Sporotrichosis is a chronic and subacute mycosis causing epidemiological outbreaks involving sick cats and humans in southeastern Brazil. The systemic disease prevails in cats and in humans, with the symptoms restricted to the skin of immunocompetent individuals. Under these conditions, the prolonged treatment of animals and cases of recurrence justify the discovery of new treatments for sporotrichosis. This work addresses the antifungal activity of silver salts of Keggin-type heteropolyacid salts (Ag-HPA salts) such as Ag₃[PW₁₂O₄₀], Ag₆[SiW₁₀V₂O₄₀], Ag₄[SiW₁₂O₄₀] and Ag₃[PMo₁₂O₄₀] and interactions with the antifungal drugs itraconazole (ITC), terbinafine (TBF) and amphotericin B (AMB) on the yeast and mycelia forms of Sporothrix spp. Sporothrix spp. yeast cells were susceptible to Ag-HPA salts at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 8 to 128 ㎍/ml. Interactions between Ag₃[PW₁₂O₄₀] and Ag₃[PMo₁₂O₄₀] with itraconazole and amphotericin B resulted in higher antifungal activity with a reduction in growth and melanization. Treated cells showed changes in cell membrane integrity, vacuolization, cytoplasm disorder, and membrane detachment. Promising antifungal activity for treating sporotrichosis was observed for the Ag-HPA salts Ag₃[PMo₁₂O₄₀] and Ag₃[PW₁₂O₄₀], which have a low cost, high yield and activity at low concentrations. However, further evaluation of in vivo tests is still required.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.146-157
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• 2018

최근 10년 동안 국내에서는 각종 재난이 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 재해, 재난 환경에 적합한 임시거주공간 혹은 피난시설의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 피난시설을 구성하는 소재들보다 가벼운 경량 복합패널을 이용하여 구호주거를 제작하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경량 복합패널에 대한 구조적 성능을 검증하고자 하였으며, 패널에 대한 성능 시험 방법 중 ASTM E72 기준에 따른 분포압 강도 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과, 각 실험체가 등분포하중을 받을 때, 스팬에 따른 허용하중을 알아내었다. 모든 실험체는 스킨과 코어의 접합부에서의 탈락으로 인해 실험이 중단되었으며, 이를 추가로 분석하여 접합부가 탈락될 때의 전단 응력을 계산하였다. 코어가 150mm인 실험체의 경계면에서의 전단응력은 평균 0.0170MPa, 코어가 200mm인 실험체의 경계면에서의 전단응력은 평균 0.0156MPa이다. 이를 보았을 때 같은 두께의 패널에서 유사한 값이 나왔다고 할 수 있다. 이 값을 통해 패널의 분포압 강도 성능을 합리적으로 예측할 수 있는 근거를 제시하였다. 또한 결과 값으로 나타낸 허용하중을 근거로 패널의 성능을 평가하였으나, 패널의 스킨과 코어의 접합방법을 개선하여 경계면에서의 조기박리를 방지한다면 경량 복합패널의 분포압 강도 성능을 보다 개선시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.327-343
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• 2004

터널 시공 도중이나 터널 굴착 직후 주지보재에 의한 보강 전에 터널막장 전방에 존재하는 연약암반 혹은 단층파쇄대로 인해 유발되는 터널막장의 붕괴사고가 빈번이 일어나고 있다. 기존의 지반탐사방법으로는 터널막장부근에 있는 연약암반이나 단층파쇄대를 찾기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점들을 극복하고 기존의 탐사방법들을 보완하기 위해 전자기파를 이용한 터널전방 예측방법을 제안하였다. 전기장의 특성을 고려한 Coulomb 및 Gauss 법칙을 이용하여 절리를 가지는 암반에서의 전기장을 해석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 터널막장 전방에 구형연약암반과 단층파쇄대가 존재하는 경우에 대하여 각각 전기장해석을 수행하여 이론식을 도출하였다. 또한 개발된 해석기법을 작용하여 터널 전방에 구형연약이역과 단층파쇄대가 존재하는 경우에 대하여 예제해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과는 터널 전방에 부착된 몇 개의 전극에서 측정된 암반의 저항으로부터 역함수기법을 이용하여 터널 전방에 존재하는 연약지역의 등가 크기, 위치 및 성질을 정확하게 예측할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 암반에서의 전기저항 가탐심도는 터널막장의 크기, 자연전위 및 기타 전기적 신호에 의해 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 제시된 해석기법은 실내시험을 통하여 검증하였다. 가로, 세로, 높이가 각각 5cm인 콘크리트 블록 1800여 개를 가지고서 3방향 절리를 가진 암반상태를 구현하였고 터널 전방에 전기전도도가 콘크리트 블록보다 상대적으로 높은 물질을 이용하여 연약지반을 구현하였다. 모델링을 통한 실험결과는 해석결과와 거의 일치함을 보여주었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1785-1794
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• 2015

본 연구는 영유아교사의 효율적인 상호작용과 수업역량 강화 요소에 대한 영유아교사 간의 인식 차이를 살펴보는데 목적을 두었다. 연구대상은 경기도 Y지역에 근무하는 영유아교사 143명이며, 수집된 자료는 빈도와 백분율로 처리하였고, 차이검증을 위해 ${\chi}^2$ 검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 첫째, 영유아-교사의 효율적인 상호작용에 대해 영유아 교사 모두 경청과 놀이를 가장 중요하다고 인식하고 있었다. 그러나 영아교사는 스킨십과 칭찬을 강조한 데 비해 유아교사는 발문과 칭찬을 통한 상호작용이 필요하다고 인식하여 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 또한 교수방법도 영아교사는 놀이를 비중 있게 여겼으나 유아교사는 설명, 협동의 중요성도 인식하고 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 평가방법에 대한 인식도 영아교사는 자기평가를 우선시하였고 유아교사는 관찰일지를 중요하게 인식하고 있었다. 둘째, 영유아-교사의 수업역량 강화 요소에 대해 영아교사는 관찰기록을 흥미나 욕구 파악, 발달 분석에 활용해야 하고, 체계적인 수업 계획 및 평가를 중심으로 교수법이 개선되어야 하며 수업자료 구입 및 교육이 필요하다고 여겼다. 이에 비해 유아교사는 교수 계획, 발달 분석에 활용해야 하고 진학이나 교육관련 모임 참여를 통해 교수법이 개선되어야 하며 장학평가 등을 통한 포상금 지급이 필요하다고 인식하고 있었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1977

Personalized Patient centered nursing care is increasingly difficult to achieve despite the fact that it remains one of our consistent goals. So, we must find away to individualized nursing care. One means, to achieve this is by use of the nursing history form, which has been developed to help the nurse make maximum use of her limited time with the patient, by obtaining systematically the information needed to plan his nursing care. The nursing history form can be used to collect data about individual nursing needs but also it lends itself to the collection of epidemiological data relevant to the needs of patient population. So this study was undertaken in an attempt to describe the general characteristics of the population studied, to find out their perceptions and expectations related to their illness and hospitalization, to find out specific basic needs and to examine the relationship between the patients nursing needs and demographic characteristics through the responses to the nursing history questions. The study population defined and selected was all the patients (70) who were admitted to Yonsei University Hospital from October 1 - 15, 1975. The direct interview method was used and the data were categorized by the investigator, according to the nature of responses to each question and were subjected to the percentile and the chi- square tests. The findings can be summarized as follows 11. General characteristics of the study population ; The population was made up mainly of urban patients who were highly educated. The age was equally distributed. 2. Patients, perceptions and expectations related to illness and hospitalization ; 88.6% of the patients knew about the reason for hospitalization but 64. 5% could state symptoms only. 37.5% recognized the cause of illness. Approximately three fourth of the patients expressed on expectation for early recovery. 60.0% of the patient responses indicated, that they expected less than 10 days of hospitalization. Of the total responses regarding hospitalization, 45.7% were negative about the post -hospitalization expectation, 45.7% expected to return to work. As a result of these findings, we can see that there is a great educational need, a psychological need and environmental need for adaptation to the hospital and a socio- economic need for the post - hospitalization period. 3. Specific basic needs : The physical needs include the problem of getting sufficient sleep (50.0%), difficulty in food intake(47.1%), problems with hospital diet (47.0%), abnormal condition of the skin(44.3%), problems with bowel elimination(35.7%), assistance with bathing(35.7%), pain(30.0%), difficulty in walking(30.0%) , difficulty in seeing(30.0%) problems in urinary elimination(20.0%) , and difficulty in hearing(10.0%), 4. Nursing needs and epidemiological characteristics ; Age distribution was related to the rendition of the mouth but no significant differences were observed statistically with the patients responses to the other nursing history questions according to the epidemiological variables of age, sex, education and residence.