• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.3-19
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• 2002

The problems and needs of families in Hong Kong are becoming more complex. Traditional family structures and functions are rapidly eroding. Moreover, family problems are further exacerbated by a growing number of socio-economic issues including rising divorce rates and extra-marital affairs. continuous family reunion migration from Mainland China, emotional and financial cost of caring for the older people and the changing economy which has pushed more families into hardship. In effect, more and more families are becoming vulnerable to risk. Traditional family services in Hong Kong are varied in mode, operation and provision, often overlapping in service boundaries with other family-oriented programs. In many instances, family service centers are stretched far beyond their capacity. As a consequence, they become too reactive, remedial and casework dominated. The University of Hong Kong Consultant Team recommended that family service programs have to protect vulnerable families and strengthen family capacities to promote maximum independence. The direction of family services is summarized as: strengthening families; child-centered, family-focused and community-based. New integrative family service centers aim at attaining the principles of promoting accessibility to users with minimum physical, psychological and administrative barriers; early identification of needs and intervention before the further deterioration of problems; integration of services cutting across program boundaries, and partnership between service providers to achieve efficient and effective use of scarce resources. Under the new model, multi-skilled teams can respond more proactively to a wide range of social needs, rather than addressing needs in isolation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the new model, the consultant team has been commissioned by the government to evaluate the performance of these two-year pilot projects. More importantly, a coherent and family-friendly social policy should be formulated to strengthen family capacity against family-related problems.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.4 s.16
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• pp.173-181
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• 2003

During the last few years, the use of Pre-tensioned spun high strength concrete piles(PHC pile) has been gradually increased in many construction sites. Cutting work of the concrete pile is an important task to crush a part of pile head which is compressed with more than 800$\cal{kg}f/cm^2$. It is usually performed by a crusher and three to four skilled workers. Recent analysis results of the pile cutting work reveal that it frequently makes a lot of cracks which significantly reduce the strength of the pile and is labor-intensive work. The primary objective of this study is to propose conceptual designs for developing an automated pile cutting machine. It is anticipated that the development of the automated pile cutting machine would be able to bring improvements in safety, productivity, quality as well as cost saving.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4169-4172
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• 2012

Background: The majority of women in rural India have poor or no access to cervical cancer screening services, although one.quarter of all cervical cancers in the world occur there. Several large trials have proven the efficacy of low-tech cervical cancer screening methods in the Indian context but none have documented the necessary components and processes of implementing this evidence in a low-resource setting. Methods: This paper discusses a feasible model of implementation of cervical cancer screening programme in low-resource settings developed through a pilot research project carried out in rural Tamilnadu, India. The programme used visual inspection of cervix after acetic acid application (VIA) as a screening tool, nurses in the primary care centres as the primary screeners and peer educators within Self-Help Women groups to raise community awareness. Results: The uptake of screening was initially low despite the access to a screening programme. However, the programme witnessed an incremental increase in the number of women accessing screening with increasing community awareness. Conclusions: The investigators recommend 4 key components to programme implementation in low-resource setting: 1) Evidence-based, cost-effective test and treatment available within the reach of the community; 2) Appropriate referral pathways; 3) Skilled health workers and necessary equipment; and 4) Optimisation of health literacy, beliefs, attitudes of the community.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.217-227
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze 'response time', 'peak response time' and 'overshoot value' for each muscle by applying the EMG signal to the vehicle response in ISO 7401 and to quantify the response of the driver according to vehicle characteristics by comparing vehicle characteristics and muscle responses of the driver. Background: The Open-loop test defined in international standards ISO 7401 is the only method for evaluating the performance of the vehicle. However, this test was focused only on mechanical responses, not driver's ones. Method: One skilled male driver(22 yrs. experience) was participated in this experiment to measure muscle activities of the driver in transient state. Then the seven muscle signals were applied to calculate 'response time', 'peak response time', and 'overshoot value'. Results: In the analyses of the EMG data, the effects of vehicle type and muscle were statistically significant on the 'response time' and 'peak response time'. Also, the effects of vehicle type, muscle, and lateral acceleration level were statistically significant on the 'overshoot value' in this study. According to the analyses of the vehicle motion data, vehicle motion variable(LatAcc, Roll, YawVel) was statistically significant on the 'response time' and vehicle type, vehicle motion variable, and lateral acceleration level were statistically significant on the 'peak response time', respectively. Conclusion: In the analyses of the 'response time' and 'overshoot value', the data of muscle activities(EMGs) was better index that could evaluate the vehicle characteristic and performance than the data of vehicle motion. In case of peak response time, both EMG and vehicle motion data were good index. Application: The EMGs data from a driver might be applicable as index for evaluation of various vehicle performances based on this study.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6D
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• pp.985-993
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• 2006

The use of prefabricated concrete piles have been gradually increased in many construction sites. One of main works for building a concrete pile foundation is to crush a part of pile head which is compressed with more than $800kg/cm^2$. A pile cutting work is usually performed by a crusher and three to four skilled workers. Recent reports on the pile cutting work reveal that a lot of cracks which significantly reduce the strength of the pile and are frequently made during pile cutting operations and it is very repetitive and labor intensive work. To improve productivity, safety, and quality of the conventional concrete pile cutting work, the research on developing an automated concrete pile cutter has been performed. In this paper, sensing methods for detecting a pile cutting line are suggested with operation process algorithms. The suggested methods are very important to develop the automated pile cutter. A pilot-type of the automated pile cutter that adopt one of the suggested sensing methods, is developed and tested in a construction site.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.4 s.26
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• pp.142-151
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• 2005

Several advanced countries have been continually developed PHC pile cutting automation machines for improving productivity, safety and quality of the conventional PHC pile cutting work. However, the target work of the previously developed PHC pile cutting automation machines is only crushing the head of PHC pile. Dangerous grinding work is still performed by workers with seven inch hand grinder. In domestic construction industry, the PHC pile cutting work is usually performed by a crusher and three to four skilled workers. Recent analysis results of the PHC pile cutting work reveal that it frequently makes a lot of cracks which significantly reduce the strength of the pile and is labor-intensive work. The primary objective of this study is to propose the end-effector which can effectively break PHC pile without any longitudinal cracks and to develop an automated pile cutting machine having unified grinder and crusher parts through a wide variety of laboratory and field tests. It is anticipated that the development of the automated pile cutting machine would be able to bring improvements in safety, productivity, quality as well as cost saving.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.163-173
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• 2020

In this study, on-site corporate instructors participated as student-cum-workers in a degree-linked high skills Meister course to improve job competency and practical ability as proposed in the Work-Study Career Vision. Evaluation questions were then developed and their validity was verified by assessing satisfaction related to expected goals in enhancing advanced training guidance and competency as an evaluator. Satisfaction assessment was conducted based on training preparation, training implementation, training effectiveness and training administration. The Delphi Method was adopted and a total of 48 items were developed in 6 categories under 4 main areas. There were 7 evaluation items on the satisfaction of training course development under training preparation, 21 evaluation items related to the satisfaction of Off-JT and OJT courses under training implementation, 16 evaluation items related to the satisfaction of increased competency as an on-site corporate instructor and the satisfaction of enhanced practical skills and skills application at work under training effectiveness, as well as 6 evaluation items to assess satisfaction with administrative support under training administration. The final conformity assessment was conducted based on the stability, content validity ratio, consensus and convergence indicators of the developed items. Results of this study do not only apply to quality management of the high skills Meister course which is being promoted as a pilot project for work-study programs, but also serves as a rationale that may be considered as a basic research tool in the collection of various opinions to derive overall system improvement factors for the work-study high skills Meister course.