• Educational Technology International
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.87-100
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• 2005

The purpose of this study lies in touching the study trend of Chinese education technology through the analysis on present situation of the study in Chinese education technology, and is to suggest the direction for the its further study and development. In order to achieve these kinds of study purpose, the frames have been set to grasp the features and trend of Chinese educational technology in such as 4 aspects of educational technology definition, curriculum and the cultivation of genuine individuals, study zone aspect and the method, and in order to grasp, in the comparison with the countries of advanced educational technology such as Korea, America etc., the progressive features and the trend of development of Chinese educational technology have been analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that Chinese educational technology has the different features in the study and development of educational technology of Korea and America in the abovementioned 4aspects. First, in the education technology comprehension, it differs from Korea, Japan and America, and understands the technology as a skill. Consequently, in either study or actuality, it seems puts more emphasis on skills (moreover, the aspect of hardware). Second, in the aspect of curriculum and the cultivation of the genuine individuals, gives preponderance to science aspect, and the unclear distinction between the education technology and the computer science makes that the true character of educational technology is not clear. Third, when speaking of study fields and study methods, those of china is a little behind of the advanced nations of the educational engineering, Korea, America and so on. And in the range of study, China is following the international tendency but when it comes to the depth of study and quality is very far from perfect. In the aspect of study method, the theoretical study, design study and development study are occupying mostly, and it is hardly to see the existence about actual proof study, and in this aspect, it is quite different than that of Korea and America. And it is judged that it is related with the traditional educational ideology and the academic study tradition, the cultural air and the features of economical development of China.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2024

Purpose: Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) implementation improves clinical outcomes of the patient's resuscitation with hemorrhagic trauma. Various predictive scoring system have been used and studied worldwide to improve clinical decision. However, such research has not yet been studied in Korea. This systematic review aimed to assess the predictors of MTPs activation in patients with trauma in Korea. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Research Information Sharing Service databases, KoreaMed, and KMbase were searched from November 2022. All studies conducted in Korea that utilized predictors of MTPs activation in adult patients with trauma were included. Results: Ten articles were eligible for analysis, and the predictors were assessed. Clinical assessments such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, shock index (SI), prehospital modified SI, modified early warning system (MEWS) and reverse SI multiplied by the Glasgow Coma Scale (rSIG) were used. Laboratory values such as lactate level, fibrinogen degradation product/fibrinogen ratio, and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) were used. Imaging examinations such as pelvic bleeding score were used as predictors of MTPs activation. Conclusions: Our systematic review identified predictors of MTPs activation in patients with trauma in Korea; predictions were performed using tools that requires clinical assessments, laboratory values or imaging examinations only. Among them, ROTEM, rSIG, MEWS, SI, and lactate level showed good effects for predictions of MTPs activation. The application of predictors for MTP's activation should be individualized based on hospital resource and skill set, also should be performed as a clinical decision supporting tools.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2015

The automated dental cavity detection program for a new concept intra-oral dental x-ray imaging device, an auxiliary diagnosis system, which is able to assist a dentist to identify dental caries in an early stage and to make an accurate diagnosis, was to be developed. The primary theory of the automatic dental cavity detection program is divided into two algorithms; one is an image segmentation skill to discriminate between a dental cavity and a normal tooth and the other is a computational method to analyze feature of an tooth image and take an advantage of it for detection of dental cavities. In the present study, it is, first, evaluated how accurately the DRLSE (Direct Regularized Level Set Evolution) method extracts demarcation surrounding the dental cavity. In order to evaluate the ability of the developed algorithm to automatically detect dental cavities, 7 tooth phantoms from incisor to molar were fabricated which contained a various form of cavities. Then, dental cavities in the tooth phantom images were analyzed with the developed algorithm. Except for two cavities whose contours were identified partially, the contours of 12 cavities were correctly discriminated by the automated dental caries detection program, which, consequently, proved the practical feasibility of the automatic dental lesion detection algorithm. However, an efficient and enhanced algorithm is required for its application to the actual dental diagnosis since shapes or conditions of the dental caries are different between individuals and complicated. In the future, the automatic dental cavity detection system will be improved adding pattern recognition or machine learning based algorithm which can deal with information of tooth status.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to predict the failure or success of the Snatch-lifting trial as a consequence of the stand-up phase simulated in Kane's equation of motion that was effective for the dynamic analysis of multi-segment. This experiment was a case study in which one male athlete (age: 23yrs, height: 154.4cm, weight: 64.5kg) from K University was selected The system of a simulation included a multi-segment system that had one degree of freedom and one generalized coordinate for the shank segment angle. The reference frame was fixed by the Nonlinear Trans formation (NLT) method in order to set up a fixed Cartesian coordinate system in space. A weightlifter lifted a 90kg-barbell that was 75% of subject's maximum lifting capability (120kg). For this study, six cameras (Qualisys Proreflex MCU240s) and two force-plates (Kistler 9286AAs) were used for collecting data. The motion tracks of 11 land markers were attached on the major joints of the body and barbell. The sampling rates of cameras and force-plates were set up 100Hz and 1000Hz, respectively. Data were processed via the Qualisys Track manager (QTM) software. Landmark positions and force-plate amplitudes were simultaneously integrated by Qualisys system The coordinate data were filtered using a fourth-order Butterworth low pass filtering with an estimated optimum cut-off frequency of 9Hz calculated with Andrew & Yu's formula. The input data of the model were derived from experimental data processed in Matlab6.5 and the solution of a model made in Kane's method was solved in Matematica5.0. The conclusions were as follows; 1. The torque motor of the shank with 246Nm from this experiment could lift a maximum barbell weight (158.98kg) which was about 246 times as much as subject's body weight (64.5kg). 2. The torque motor with 166.5 Nm, simulated by angular displacement of the shank matched to the experimental result, could lift a maximum barbell weight (90kg) which was about 1.4 times as much as subject's body weight (64.5kg). 3. Comparing subject's maximum barbell weight (120kg) with a modeling maximum barbell weight (155.51kg) and with an experimental maximum barbell weight (90kg), the differences between these were about +35.7kg and -30kg. These results strongly suggest that if the maximum barbell weight is decided, coaches will be able to provide further knowledge and information to weightlifters for the performance improvement and then prevent injuries from training of weightlifters. It hopes to apply Kane's method to other sports skill as well as weightlifting to simulate its motion in the future study.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.33-60
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• 2007

This study alms to analyze the entrepreneur characteristics of founder on enterprise performance from the strategic viewpoint as well as features of founder of small firms such as background feature of founder, psychological features and management skill. As considered by Background features of founder include educational background of founder, his experience in business creation, consultation or course related to business creation. This study verified the effects of factor which business performance (financial, non financial) on small firms. Also, this study considered psychological features of founder include achievement desire, risk-free propensity, level of patience on vagueness and control position. And it analyzed that between such factors and performance of small firms were examined in related. In the mean time, management ability of founder, entrepreneur ability, technical and function ability were considered for management skill of founder and alalyzed effect of the factors on performance of small firm were examined. Effects of strategic intention of founder of small firm were analyzed by the strategic viewpoint. At this time, strategy of small firm was divided into product-service reform differentiation strategy, marketing differentiation strategy and cost leadership strategy. This study distributed questionnaire on CEO of small firms in Daejeon and Chungnam area for accomplish the study objective and it collected a total of 145 copies of questionnaires. As a result of analyzing collected questionnaire, this study deduced the following study results and suggestions. First, results different from those of existing studies were found Since sales, net income and profit rate of small firm were not high cause economic depression on the whole. Second, entrepreneur ability was found to be required for success of business creation. Entrepreneur ability of founder was the factor that affects both financial and non - financial performance of small firm. As such, entrepreneur ability can be regarded as the most important factor for success in business creation of small firm. Accordingly, entrepreneur ability is the most important source for success in business creation of small firm. Third, strategy of small firm was found to be the important factor that affects the non-financial performance even if it could not give significant effects on financial performance. Thus, product service reform differentiation strategy, marketing differentiation strategy and cost leadership strategy have significant effects on non - financial performance of small firm. Accordingly, it is required to operate small firm with strategic mind - set for small firm to achieve success. This study analyzed the effects of feature of founder and strategy of small firm on business performance of small firm through practical analysis on small firms in Daejeon and Chungnam area, and deduced meaningful results. However, Since this study collected data on small firms in Daejeon and Chungnam only, there is a limit in generalizing the results of this study to all small firms in Korea. Companies answering to this questionnaire process were mainly wholesale and retail service companies. In addition, there is a limit in that it failed to analyze feature of representative type of industry due to limit in number of sample, it is required to divide representative type of industry and to compare and analyze types of industry in future studies.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.139-148
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• 2021

This study aimed to verify how a multisensory storytelling-based activity-based intervention affects social interaction in children with cerebral palsy. As a quasi-experimental investigation, this study used a single-blind, two-group pre-post test design. This study comprised 24 children aged 7 to 8 y who had been diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy and were classified as having GMFCS stages I to III. Twelve children were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, with neither the children nor their guardians knowing which group they were placed in. The group program comprised 16 sessions of 60 min each, twice a week for eight weeks. The experimental group engaged in an activity-centered intervention centered on multisensory storytelling, whereas the control group engaged in structured physical activity. The activities were assessed using the peer relations skills scale to determine the extent to which social interaction had changed prior to and during the child's intervention. The SPSS 25.0 for Windows (IBM Corp, USA) application was used to analyze the data, and the significance level (α) for statistical verification was set to 0.05. Furthermore, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess the differences in social interaction between the experimental and control groups. Significant differences were observed in the total of the peer relationship skill scale and cooperation and empathy areas of the subtest in the intragroup change of the peer relationship skill scale between the experimental and control groups. However, the experimental group demonstrated a significant difference in the initiative area, whereas the control group demonstrated no significant difference. A significant difference was observed in the amount of change between the two groups in the initiative area and total of the subtest of peer relationship skills but no significant difference in the collaboration and empathy areas. We gave a multisensory storytelling-based activity-based intervention based on multisensory storytelling to children with cerebral palsy and saw a significant improvement in peer relationship skills. It may be proposed as an effective intervention strategy for children with cerebral palsy who struggle with social contact.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.169-174
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• 2004

To design ship channel is one of important factors for planning and developing a port. In most case, the core factors for designing ship channel are the layout and width of dvnnel provided the net underkeel clearance is assessed as safety. In this study, Variable Bumper Area(VBA) model is applied to design and assess ship channel. This model reflects ship's principle dimension, ship domain theory, ship speed, conning officer's ship handling skill and experience and all external forces which cause leeway, set and drift and the change of ship maneuvering characteristics. Full Mission Ship Handling Simulator is used to analyze ship dynamic data according to conning officer's ship control, external forces, etc. This model uses Domain-index for assessing the efficiency and safety of the channel. The proposed model is applied to Ulsan new port plan which has a channel width of 1.5 times the length if the largest vessel, a radius if 5 times the length of the largest vessel in a curve of 57 degree centerline angle and SBM facility adjacent to the lateral edge if channel. The result of this study shows tint the width and radius of channel curve are suitable for the target ship but the difficulty of ship handling is caused by the large course change and SBM located in the vicinity if channel.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.82-103
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• 1997

Background : With increased concerns about variation among physician's practice pattern and their impact on the quality of care, clinical practice guidelines have been developed by many different organizations, with differing aims and incentives. From the same point of view, there is growing interest in the development of clinical practice guidelines in Korea, but with only a few examples. As a result, there is not much exploration on the incentive and barrier to develop guidelines as well as description on the development process. The purposes of this study are to describe the process of the four different clinical practice guidelines in a hospital setting, and to identify incentives and barriers in the development of guidelines. Methods : For this research, a clinical practice guideline development committee and four clinical practice guideline development teams were organized in a university hospital which has more than 1,200 bead. Twenty eight doctors, three nurses, and one technician participated as members of development teams for eight months. Four to six meetings were held, and three to seven departments in the hospital were involved. Results : The topics which developed into clinical practice guidelines were cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR), blood transfusion, anticoagulation, and angiography. The main goals set by teams were education(CPR, angiography), risk management(blood transfusion), and to enhance quality of care(anticoagulation). Among four teams, only in the team for anticoagulation guideline medical record review and pilot-testing were performed. Also literature review was not carried out systematically. However, all the guidelines were developed by multidisciplinary be used as standard protocols in the practice. Conclusion : Experience and skill in developing process has to be improved to have a more valid and useful practice guideline. In particular, literature review and problem identification by examining medical record should be emphasized. Also further studies on the clinical outcomes of the guidelines application and changes in physicians' behaviors would be required.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to identify team commitment affecting employees' innovative activities and factors affecting team commitment including empowerment by leaders and job enrichment factors. In other words, so as to explain outcome variables of innovative activities, this study aims to emphasize employees' attachment roles towards their groups within nomological network, and identify the motives encouraging employees' innovative activities. The research purpose is significant due to the realistic situation of hotel industry. The reason why innovative activities are important can be found in recent changes of business environment. Also, unlike other various studies on precedence factors encouraging employees' innovative activities, this study classified those precedence factors into job and leader characteristics, and it emphasized the importance of team commitment as the process that job and leader characteristics are connected to innovative activities. Research design, data and methodology - The survey for this study was conducted during October 6^th ~ November 10^th in 2014 to the employees who are working in 5-star hotels in Korea. As for the selection of hotels and sampling method, convenience sampling method was used to the employees in 5-star hotels. Self-report method was used in the survey, judging that the employees' characteristics would be relatively homogeneous. 311 questionnaires were distributed in total, and 275 reponses were collected. After excluding the missing and unreliable responses, 245 questionnaires were used in the research. SPSS and AMOS programs were used for the analysis. Results - First, empowering leadership had positive effects on hotel employees' team commitment. It indicates that hotel employees are more committed to their team when their leaders set examples, provide information, and involve employees in decision-making process. Second, as a result of the relationship analysis in task diversity, task significance, task identity and team commitment, task diversity and task significance had significant effect on team commitment, while task identity had no significant effect on team commitment. It indicates that team commitment is enhanced when the employees can conduct diverse types of jobs and get more opportunities to talk with the guests. Also, the repetition for the same jobs in hotel rooms and the space for preparing food and beverage do not lead to team commitment, even though the employees fulfill their duties to the end. Third, hotel employees' team commitment has positive effect on their innovative activities. It indicates that employees voluntarily conduct innovative activities when they are attached to their team and identifies themselves with the team. Conclusions - There are theoretical and practical implications in this study. First, in terms of the theoretical perspective, this study proposes structural framework in team commitment, and it identifies the psychological mechanism in team commitment from the aspect of social exchange, which resulted in identification of precedence factors related to team commitment. In addition, this study presents new possibilities for relevant studies about team commitment by examining the effect on team commitment when the importance of innovative activities is emphasized in recent business environment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

Urban flooding threatens human beings and facilities with chemical and physical hazards since the beginning of human civilization. Recent studies have emphasized the integration of data and models for effective urban flood inundation modeling. However, the model set-up process is tend to be time consuming and to require a high level of data processing skill. Furthermore, in spite of the use of high resolution grid data, inundation depth and velocity are varied with building treatment methods in 2-D inundation model, because undesirable grids are generated and resulted in the reliability decline of the simulation results. Thus, it requires building generalization process or enhancing building orthogonality to minimize the distortion of building before converting building footprint into grid data. This study aims to develop building generalization method for 2-dimensional inundation analysis to enhance the model reliability, and to investigate the effect of building generalization method on urban inundation in terms of geographical engineering and hydraulic engineering. As a result to improve the reliability of 2-dimensional inundation analysis, the building generalization method developed in this study should be adapted using Digital Building Model(DBM) before model implementation in urban area. The proposed building generalization sequence was aggregation-simplification, and the threshold of the each method should be determined by considering spatial characteristics, which should not exceed the summation of building gap average and standard deviation.