• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.996-1008
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• 2009

본 논문은 뼈대-구조(skeleton) 형태의 Active Shape Models을 이용한 사람의 자세 정합에 대한 새로운 접근 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 모델 생성과 정합 과정에서의 빠른 수행 시간을 위해 기존 윤곽 형태(silhouette)의 모델이 아닌 뼈대-구조 형태의 모델을 적용하였다. 기존 Active Shape Models을 뼈대-구조 형태로 사람 자세 정합에 적용했을 경우 자세를 결정짓는 팔과 다리의 부정확한 정합은 사람 몸의 다양한 색상 정보와 전후(fore-rear direction)만을 고려한 특징점(landmark)의 방향정보로 인해 발생되며, 이러한 문제점은 입력 영상의 차영상 정보와 사람의 자세를 결정짓는 팔과 다리의 중요 특징점에 방향정보를 추가하여 해결하였다. 사람의 뼈대-구조 모델을 생성하기 위해 600개의 이미지를 사용 하였으며, 생성된 형태 모델은 사람의 자세에 정합될 수 있는 17개의 특징점을 포함한다. 정합 과정에서 최대 30번 이하의 반복 과정을 수행 하며, 최대 수행 시간은 0.03초로 빠른 수행 시간의 결과를 얻었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.665-680
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• 2016

This paper focuses on the study of seismic behavior of steel reinforced concrete special-shaped column-beam joints. Six specimens, which are designed according to the principle of strong-member and weak-joint core, are tested under low cyclic reversed load. Key parameters include the steel form in column section and the ratio of column limb height to thickness. The failure mode, load-displacement curves, ductility, stiffness degradations, energy dissipation capacity and shear deformation of joint core of the test subassemblies are analyzed. The results indicate that SRC special-shaped column-beam joints have good seismic behavior. All specimens failed due to the shear failure of the joint core, and the failure degree between the two sides of joint core is similar for the exterior joint but different for the corner joint. Compared to the joints with channel steel truss, the joints with solid web steel skeleton illustrate better ductility and energy dissipation capacity, but the loading capacity and stiffness are roughly close. With the increasing of the ratio of column limb height to thickness, the joints illustrate higher loading capacity and stiffness, better energy dissipation capacity, but worse ductility.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.295-312
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new type of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beam-column joints and to examine the structural performance of the proposed joints, which simplify the construction procedure of steel fabrication, welding works, concrete casting and joint strengthening. In the proposed beam-column joints, the steel element of columns forms continuously built-in crossing of H-sections (${\Box}$), with adjacent flanges of column being connected by horizontal stiffeners in a joint at the level of the beam flanges. In addition, simplified lateral reinforcement (${\Box}$) is adopted in a joint to confine the longitudinal reinforcing bars in columns. Experimental and analytical studies have been carried out to estimate the structural performance of the proposed joints. Twelve cruciform specimens and seven SRC beam-column subassemblage specimens were prepared and tested. The following can be concluded from this study: (1) SRC subassemblages with the proposed beam-column joints show adequate seismic performances which are superior to the demand of the current code; (2) The yield and ultimate strength capacities of the beam-to-column connections can be estimated by analysis based on the yield line theory; (3) The skeleton curves and the ultimate shear capacities of the beam-column joint panel are predicted with a fair degree of accuracy by considering a simple stress transfer mechanism.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.641-653
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• 2018

This paper presents experiment and bearing capacity analyses of steel dual-lintel column (SDC) joints in Chinese traditional style buildings. Two SDC interior joints and two SDC exterior joints, which consisted of dual box-section lintels, circular column and square column, were designed and tested under low cyclic loading. The force transferring mechanisms at the panel zone of SDC joints were proposed. And also, the load-strain curves at the panel zone, failure modes, hysteretic loops and skeleton curves of the joints were analyzed. It is shown that the typical failure modes of the joints are shear buckling at bottom panel zone, bending failure at middle panel zone, welds fracturing at the panel zone, and tension failure of base metal in the heat-affected zone of the joints. The ultimate bearing capacity of SDC joints appears to decrease with the increment of axial compression ratio. However, the bearing capacities of exterior joints are lower than those of interior joints at the same axial compression ratio. In order to predict the formulas of the bending capacity at the middle panel zone and the shear capacity at the bottom panel zone, the calculation model and the stress state of the element at the panel zone of SDC joints were studied. As the calculated values showed good agreements with the test results, the proposed formulas can be reliably applied to the analysis and design of SDC joints in Chinese traditional style buildings.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2024

This paper explores the use of machine learning in game production to create goal-oriented, realistic animations for skeleton monsters. The purpose of this research is to enhance realism by implementing intelligent movements in monsters within game development. To achieve this, we designed and implemented a learning model for skeleton monsters using reinforcement learning algorithms. During the machine learning process, various reward conditions were established, including the monster's speed, direction, leg movements, and goal contact. The use of configurable joints introduced physical constraints. The experimental method validated performance through seven statistical graphs generated using machine learning methods. The results demonstrated that the developed model allows skeleton monsters to move to their target points efficiently and with natural animation. This paper has implemented a method for creating game monster animations using machine learning, which can be applied in various gaming environments in the future. The year 2024 is expected to bring expanded innovation in the gaming industry. Currently, advancements in technology such as virtual reality, AI, and cloud computing are redefining the sector, providing new experiences and various opportunities. Innovative content optimized for this period is needed to offer new gaming experiences. A high level of interaction and realism, along with the immersion and fun it induces, must be established as the foundation for the environment in which these can be implemented. Recent advancements in AI technology are significantly impacting the gaming industry. By applying many elements necessary for game development, AI can efficiently optimize the game production environment. Through this research, We demonstrate that the application of machine learning to Unity and game engines in game development can contribute to creating more dynamic and realistic game environments. To ensure that VR gaming does not end as a mere craze, we propose new methods in this study to enhance realism and immersion, thereby increasing enjoyment for continuous user engagement.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.369-374
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 손동작을 영상 입력 정보로 하여 기기의 기능을 제어하는 UX를 구현하였다 이를 위하여 Microsoft 사의 Kinect 센서를 이용하여 초당 30 프레임의 사용자의 3차원 depth map을 얻고 여기서 skeleton 이미지를 추출하여 손목 등의 관절의 위치에 대한 좌표 값을 얻는다. 전 후 프레임의 손의 위치가 변화하는 방향과 병화량으로부터 손 동작의 의미를 추출하고 다양한 손동작을 이용하여 스마트TV 등의 원격의 영상을 제어하는 명령어 입력으로 사용하는 UX를 제시하고 실험을 통하여 구현하였다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

This paper presents a system used to automatically recognize the road traffic control gestures of police officers. In this approach,the control gestures of traffic police officers are captured in the form of depth images.A human skeleton is then constructed using a kinematic model. The feature vector describing a traffic control gesture is built from the relative angles found amongst the joints of the constructed human skeleton. We utilize Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to perform the gesture recognition. Experiments show that our proposed method is robust and efficient and is suitable for real-time application. We also present a testbed system based on the SVMs trained data for real-time traffic gesture recognition.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1561-1580
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• 2015

No significant improvement has been observed on the seismic performance of the ordinary steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns compared with the reinforced concrete (RC) columns mainly because I, H or core cross-shaped steel cannot provide sufficient confinement for core concrete. Two improved SRC columns by constructing with new-type section steel were put forward on this background: a cross-shaped steel whose flanges are in contact with concrete cover by extending the geometry of webs, and a rotated cross-shaped steel whose webs coincide with diagonal line of the column's section. The advantages of new-type SRC columns have been proved theoretically and experimentally, while construction measures and seismic behavior remain unclear when the new-type columns are joined onto SRC beams. Seismic behavior of SRC joints with new-type section steel were experimentally investigated by testing 5 specimens subjected to low reversed cyclic loading, mainly including the failure patterns, hysteretic loops, skeleton curves, energy dissipation capacity, strength and stiffness degradation and ductility. Effects of steel shape, load angel and construction measures on seismic behavior of joints were also analyzed. The test results indicate that the new-type joints display shear failure pattern under seismic loading, and steel and concrete of core region could bear larger load and tend to be stable although the specimens are close to failure. The hysteretic curves of new-type joints are plumper whose equivalent viscous damping coefficients and ductility factors are over 0.38 and 3.2 respectively, and this illustrates the energy dissipation capacity and deformation ability of new-type SRC joints are better than that of ordinary ones with shear failure. Bearing capacity and ductility of new-type joints are superior when the diagonal cross-shaped steel is contained and beams are orthogonal to columns, and the two construction measures proposed have little effect on the seismic behavior of joints.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.409-419
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• 2017

In order to analyze the vibration control effect of viscous damper in the concrete archaized buildings with lintel-column joints under seismic action, 3 specimens were tested under dynamic excitation. Two specimens with viscous damper were defined as the controlled component and one specimen without viscous damper was specified as the non-controlled component. The loading process and failure patterns were obtained from the test results. The failure characteristics, skeleton curves and mechanical behavior such as the load-displacement hysteretic loops, load carrying capacity, degradation of strength and rigidity, ductility and energy dissipation of the joints were analyzed. The results indicate that the load-bearing capacity of the controlled component is significantly higher than that of the non-controlled component. The former component has an average increase of 27.4% in yield load and 22.4% in ultimate load, respectively. Meanwhile, the performance of displacement ductility and the ability of energy dissipation for the controlled component are superior to those of the non-controlled component as well. Compared with non-controlled component, equivalent viscous damping coefficients are improved by 27.3%-30.8%, the average increase is 29.0% at ultimate load for controlled component. All these results reflect that the seismic performance of the controlled component is significantly better than that of the non-controlled component. These researches are helpful for practical application of viscous damper in the concrete archaizing buildings with lintel-column joints.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2011년도 후기공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.97-98
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• 2011

This paper is about the study of a new exo-skeleton device applying a gravity compensator. The exo-skeleton devices is to reduce the external torque applied to the human body joint for the purpose of helping the disabled, reducing heavy payload for industry workers or military soldiers. Most of the exoskeleton devices are actuated by the motors, but motors are limited in energy such that a short durability is always a big problem. In this paper, an exoskeleton device using a new gravity compensator based on a torsion bar is proposed to reduce the torque load applied to human body joints. The exoskeleton device is designed for the lower body of human. Analyses on the torsion bar spring and link of the exoskeleton device using FEM method were performed. To reduce the applied torque to the human joint, a torsion bar gravity compensator is applied to the exoskeleton. The effect of the torsion bar compensator for the exoskeleton device was verified through load test using developed test equipment.