• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2015

The aim of this case report is to describe the treatment of a patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion with maxillary retrognathia using skeletal anchorage devices and intermaxillary elastics. Miniplates were inserted between the mandibular lateral incisor and canine teeth on both sides in a male patient aged 14 years 5 months. Self-drilling mini-implants (1.6 mm diameter, 10 mm length) were installed between the maxillary second premolar and molar teeth, and Class III elastics were used between the miniplates and miniscrews. On treatment completion, an increase in the projection of the maxilla relative to the cranial base (2.7 mm) and significant improvement of the facial profile were observed. Slight maxillary counterclockwise ($1^{\circ}$) and mandibular clockwise ($3.3^{\circ}$) rotations were also observed. Maxillary protraction with skeletal anchorage and intermaxillary elastics was effective in correcting a case of Skeletal Class III malocclusion without dentoalveolar side effects.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.235-242
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of the skeletal maturity of hand-wrist and the development of mandibular third molar in subjects with class I and class III malocclusion. The subjects used in this study were 304 children(149 boys, 155 girls) with class I malocclusions and 308 children( 153 boys, 155 girls) with class III malocclusions, ranged from 8 to 15 years of age. Hand-wrist radiographs and panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate the stage of skeletal maturity and teeth development. Fishman's method for the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist and new six-developmental-stage method for the calcification stages of mandibular third molars were analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. In subjects with class I and class III malocclusion, skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist occured earlier in females than in males(p<0.05), while the calcification stages of mandibular third molars were no significant gender differences. 2. There were no significant differences between the groups, when comparing the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist and the calcification stages of mandibular third molars between subjects with the class I and the class III malocclusion. 3. The correlation coefficients between the calcification stages of mandibular third molars and the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist in subjects with class I and class III malocclusion showed a high interrelationship(p<0.01). 4. The correlation coefficients between the calcification stages of mandibular third molars and chronological age in subjects with class I and class III malocclusion showed a high interrelationship (p<0.01). As a result, there were no significant differences between class I and class III malocclusion group for skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist and third molar development.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.3 s.104
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• pp.229-240
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the compensatory changes of occlusal plane angle in relation to skeletal factors. Lateral cephalograms of 61 adults with normal occlusion and 92 adults with skeletal malocclusions were traced and measured to analyze skeletal factors and occlusal plane angles. In terms of horizontal relationships, the normal occlusion group and malocclusion group were classified Into subgroups of skeletal Classes I, II, and III, while in terms of vertical relationships, each group was also classified into horizontal , average, and vertical subgroups. Some measurements were evaluated statistically by ANOVA and Post Hoc, and the others were reviewed by Paired t-tests. In this study, only the occlusal plane angle to AB plane did not show a significant difference between the normal occlusion group and malocclusion group. After treatment, the occlusal plane angle to the AB plane of the malocclusion group was approximated to that of normal occlusion group. The LOP to AB plane angle of the normal occlusion group was 91.7 in skeletal Class I, 88.8 in skeletal Class II, and 93.5 in skeletal Class III. This study was done to assess the treatment changes of the occlusal plane in the malocclusion group, and to draw a comparison with the normal occlusion group in order to present a reference to establish a new occlusal plane inclination.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate the hyoid bone position and airway in skeletal class III malocclusion and to prove the correlation between airway, hyoid bone position and mandibular position. The sample, considered of 47 class III malocclusion patients for experimmtal group and 52 class I malocclusion students for control group. Twenty three linear and angular measurements about hyoid bone position, airway size, mandibular position were taken from the lateral cephalograms. The differences between skeletal class III malocclusion group and normal occlusion group were compared and the correlation were evaluated statistically. The results obtained were as follows, 1. There were significant difference in S-APH, A-APH, N-APH, LAH-PBR, AA-PNS, PNS-ad between class I and class III malocclusion groups. 2. The hyoid bone was more anteriorly positioned in class III malocclusion group than class I malocclusion group and skeletal airway size in class III malocclusion group was smaller than class I malocclusion group. 3. There were significant difference in several measurements especially vertical and angular measurements of hyoid bone position and airway size between male and female. Usually the measurements in male were larger than female. 4. There were no significant correlation between hyoid bone position and airway size also airway size, and didn't showe significant correlation with mandibular position, 5. S-APH showed negative correlation with Wits appraisal and A-APH, N-APH showed positive correlation with Wits appraisal. On the contrary vertical measurements of hyoid bone position showed positive correlation with lower facial height.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2017

This study assessed the association between ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar and skeletal malocclusion in 5- to 10-year-old children. As subjects, 786 children who attended the Wonkwang University Dental Hospital for orthodontic diagnosis were included. Children with unerupted first permanent molars or fully erupted second permanent molars were excluded. The study group demonstrated ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar, while the control group did not. Cephalometric radiographs taken between January 2003 and August 2015 were analyzed. Skeletal class III malocclusion was detected in 57.0% of the study group, which differed significantly from that in the control group (p<0.05). The SNA, ANB angles, and A to N-perpendicular distance were significantly smaller, whereas the A-B plane angle and APDI were significantly greater in the study group than in the control group (p<0.05). The SNB and mandibular plane angles were not significantly different between the groups. Thus, maxillary undergrowth is a risk factor for ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2017

Objective: To evaluate the differences in maxillomandibular transverse measurements at either the crown or the estimated center of resistance (CR), and to compare values between normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion groups. Methods: Dental casts and computed tomography (CT) data from 30 individuals with normal occlusion and 30 with skeletal Class III malocclusions were evaluated. Using the casts, dental arch widths (DAWs) were measured from the cusp tips, and basal arch widths (BAWs-cast) were measured as the distance between the points at the mucogingival junction adjacent to the respective cusp tips. The BAWs determined from CT (BAWs-CT) images were measured from the estimated CRs of the teeth. Results: None of the DAW measurements or maxillomandibular DAW differences showed statistically significant intergroup differences. In contrast, the maxillary BAWs-CT and BAWs-cast were lesser in the Class III malocclusion group than in the normal occlusion group. The mandibular BAWs-CT were significantly greater in the Class III malocclusion group than in the normal occlusion group. Moreover, the maxillomandibular BAW differences on both CT and cast showed significant intergroup differences in all transverse measurements. Conclusions: The maxillomandibular DAW differences showed no significant intergroup differences. In contrast, the maxillomandibular BAW differences on both CT and cast showed significant intergroup differences in all transverse measurements. The maxillomandibular BAW differences at the estimated CRs, measured using CT or casts, can reveal underlying transverse maxillary basal arch deficiencies in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusions.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.245-254
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to determine the skeletal and dental effects in pediatric and adolescent Korean patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion treated using the Invisalign Mandibular Advancement (MA^®) appliance. Methods: The study included patients aged 6 to 18 years who received orthodontic treatment with the MA^® appliance for Class II Division 1 malocclusion at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Wonkwnag University Daejeon Dental Hospital, between July 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021. The treatment group consisted of 20 patients, 10 boys and 10 girls. The control participants were also 10 boys and 10 girls. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after treatment, and 41 measurements of skeletal and dental changes were measured and analyzed using the V-Ceph^TM 8.0 (Osstem Implant). All analyses were performed using SPSS software (IBM SPSS for Windows, ver 26.0; IBM Corp.), and statistical significance was tested using paired and independent samples t-tests for within-group and between-group comparisons, respectively. Results: The patients in the treatment group showed significant decreases in ANB (A point, Nasion, B point), maxillary protrusion, maxillary anterior incisor labial inclination, and maxillary protrusion after treatment. However, when compared with the growth changes observed in the control group, only ANB and maxillary protrusion decreased, with no significant differences in SNA, SNB, and mandibular length. Conclusion: Collectively, the results of this study confirm that the use of MA^® appliance in pediatric and adolescent Korean patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion results in a reduction of anteroposterior skeletal and dental disharmony.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.525-533
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• 2018

Objectives: This retrospective study evaluated the changes in the airway width after the orthognathic surgery associated with the skeletal Class III malocclusion. Methods: The lateral cephalograms of 30 adult patients were taken before and immediately after the operation, and after the orthodontic treatment. The angles and distances of them were measured and compared. Results: Before the surgery, the mean value of mandibular (S-B) setback was 9.66 mm, and moved by 1.56 mm anteriorly after the orthodontic treatment. The ANB increased by 5.42 degrees, since then it decreased by 0.68 degree. The hyoid bone (S-APH) moved by 5.05 mm posteriorly, but then moved by 2.26 mm anteriorly. The soft tissue width of laryngeal pharynx (apw2-ppw2) was narrowed by 1.04 mm, and decreased by additional 0.83 mm after the orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: As the mandible was moved back, the location of hyoid bone and laryngeal pharynx were moved backward.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.4 s.69
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• pp.581-589
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• 1998

In order to correct a maxillofacial-skeletal disharmony successfully and achieve a favorable facial profile, orthodontic treatment must begin at pubertal growth spurt. Therefore predicting the pubertal growth pattern and evaluating the growth potential is very important. For an orthodontist, estimating skeletal maturity in relation to one's personal growth spurt is essential and it must be considered into the treatment. The objective of this study was to find out whether there was a difference in menacheal age among different malocclusion groups and to evaluate the skeletal maturity at menarche. The subjects were 64 Class I malocclusion patients, 51 Class II patients and 38 Class III patients. Skeletal maturity was estimated from handwrist radiographs of these patients. Handwrist radiographs were taken between 3 months before and after the menarche. The results were as follows. 1. The mean chronologic age of menarche was $12.50{\pm}1.01$ years. 2. For the Class I malocclusion group the mean age of menarche was $12.36{\pm}1.04$ years, for Class II $12.81{\pm}1.03$ years and for Class III $12.32{\pm}0.82$ years. According to these results Class II malocclusion patients started mensturation later than Class I and Class III malocclusion patients. 3. No difference was found considering the skeletal maturity at menarche among the malocclusion groups. 4. The skeletal maturity index at menarche was SMI 7 for $45.10\%$, SMI 8 for $27.25\%$, SMI 9 for $10.46\%$, SMI 6 for $7.84\%$, SMI 10 for $7.84\%$ and SMI 5 for $1.31\%$ patients. 5. Statistically there was a significant correlation between skeletal maturity estimated by handwrist radiographs and menacheal age(p<0.05, r=0.25430).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.126-132
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• 1999

This article describes the use of an activator with anterior high pull headgear to treat a skeletal Class II malocclusion in children in the mixed-dentition phase. A combination of headgear-activator appliance can inhibit forward and downward growth of the maxillary complex while stimulating mandibular growth. The correction of Class II malocclusion can be achieved by careful case selection of a motivated patient with a favorable growth pattern. The patients who have skeletal Class II malocclusions were treated by means of activator with anterior high pull headgear and the following results were observed; 1. Forward and downward growth of the maxillary complex were inhibited 2. Mandibular growth was stimulated and counterclockwise rotation of the mandible was observed. 3. Large overjet and deep overbite were corrected.