• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the difference of vertical movement of mandible according to Angle's molar relationship and by skeletal factors affect to vertical movement of mandible. 172(age ranged from 20 to 30) subjects who go to college within territory of Kwangju city without any experience of temporomandibular disorder, extraction and orthodontic treatment. were selected for this study. The subjects were classified into class I(male:30, female:49), class II(male:18, female:24) and class III(male:18, female:33) according to Angle's molar relationship. The distance was measured between incisal edge of maxillary and mandibular central incisor and between bottom of central fossa of maxillary and mandibular 1st molar with ruler. The arch length and width were measured on the diagnostic cast. Cephalometrics were taken and then traced. Landmarks were identified and analyzed. 1. Maximal interincisal opening of male is larger than that of female in class I, class II and class III. Among each group maximal interincisal distance is the largest in class III. Maximal intermolar distance of male is superior to that of female in class I, class II, and class III, but there is no siginficant difference among them. 2. On maximal opening movement of Angle's classification class I and class II, total mandibular length, mandibular ramal length, madibular inferior border length and upper arch width were important variables and facial length, upper arch length and lower arch length had negative relationship to that. On maximal opening movement of Angle's class III, the upper arch length, the lower arch length and anterior facial length were important variables especially when compared with class I and II, and upper arch width had negative relationship. These results suggest that maximal opening movement is affected by facial morphology in all classes, but each group is affected by different facial skeletal variables. Accordingly, facioskeletal variables might be considered as diagnosis and treatment to improve the amount of mouth opening.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 1981

To study the calcification of second molars in skeletal class II malocclusion, the author examined cephalograms, orthopantomograms, periapical films of 391 children from 7y 0m to 15y 11 m years old who had skeletal class II malocclusion, and observed the difference in the calcification stage between upper and lower second molars. The result s are as follows. 1. The mean ages of crown completion of upper and lower second molars are $8.7{\pm}1.75$, $8.8{\pm}1.13$ in boys, and $8.4{\pm}0.81$, $8.5{\pm}0.91$ in girls. 2. The mean ages of root completion of upper and lower second molars are $14.0{\pm}1.09,\;14.5{\pm}0.52$ in boys, and $13.7{\pm}1.15,\;13.8{\pm}1.18$ in girls. 3. The calcification stages of upper second molars are more advanced than those of lower second molars at $5\%$ level in both sexes.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제37권
• /
• pp.25.1-25.9
• /
• 2015

Background: During the orthognathic surgery, it is important to know the exact anatomical location of the mandibular foramen to achieve successful anesthesia of inferior alveolar nerve and to prevent damage to the nerves and vessels supplying the mandible. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to determine the location of the mandibular foramen in 100 patients: 30 patients with normal occlusion (13 men, 17 women), 40 patients with skeletal class II malocclusion (15 men, 25 women), 30 patients with skeletal class III malocclusion (17 men, 13 women). Results: The distance from the anterior border of the mandibular ramus to mandibular foramen did not differ significantly among the three groups, but in the group with skeletal class III malocclusion, this distance was an average of $1.43{\pm}1.95mm$ longer in the men than in the women (p < 0.05). In the skeletal class III malocclusion group, the mandibular foramen was higher than in the other two groups and was an average of $1.85{\pm}3.23mm$ higher in the men than in the women for all three groups combined (p < 0.05). The diameter of the ramus did not differ significantly among the three groups but was an average of $1.03{\pm}2.58mm$ wider in the men than in the women for all three groups combined (p < 0.05). In the skeletal class III malocclusion group, the ramus was longer than in the other groups and was an average of $7.9{\pm}3.66mm$ longer in the men than women. Conclusions: The location of the mandibular foramen was higher in the skeletal class III malocclusion group than in the other two groups, possibly because the ramus itself was longer in this group. This information should improve the success rate for inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia and decrease the complications that attend orthognathic surgery.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 2001

전치부 개교합은 상 하악 전치부가 폐구 시 절단 기능에 필수적인 수직피개가 결여되어 있는 상태를 말한다. 일반적인 원인으로는 손가락 빨기, 혀 내밀기, 유아성 연하, 비호흡 부전, 골격성장의 이상 또는 이들이 복합적으로 작용되어 나타날 수 있으며, 어떤 종류의 부정교합과도 함께 나타날 수 있다. 전치부 개교합을 위한 치료 방법은 다양하지만, Rolf Fr$\"{a}$nkel에 의해 고안된 Fr$\"{a}$nkel appliance(FR-4)는 골격성 I급 혹은 II급 부정교합과 함께 나타난 개교합의 치료에 특히 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 서양인에서는 골격성 II급 부정교합이 높은 빈도로 나타나고, 개교합도 이와 함께 나타나는 경우가 많다. 그러나 동양인에서는 골격성 III급 부정교합의 빈도가 높고, 개교합 또한 이와 같은 골격형태와 함께 나타나는 경우가 흔히 있다. 이러한 문제점을 갖는 환자에 있어서 전통적인 FR-4의 사용이 개교합의 교정에 도움이 되었을지라도, 골격성 III급 부정교합을 악화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 두 가지 문제점을 동시에 교정하기 위하여, labial bow를 하악 전치부에, labial pads를 상악 전치부에 위치시킨 modified FR-4를 고안하게 되었다. 다음의 임상례는 전치부 개교합을 동반한 골격성 III급 부정교합을 보이는 환자를 대상으로, 전통적인 FR-4와 modified FR-4를 이용하여 치료한 결과를 비교한 것이다. 첫 번째 임상례는 전통적인 FR-4를 사용한 경우로서, 전치부 개교합은 개선되었으나 골격성 III급 부정교합의 형태가 심해졌다. 그러나 두 번째와 세 번째 임상례에서는 modified FR-4를 사용한 결과, 전치부 개교합과 III급 부정교합이 동시에 개선된 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.126-132
• /
• 1999

저자는 전남대학병원 소아치과에 내원한 혼합치열기 II급 부정교합환아를 Activator와 Anterior high pull headgear로 치료하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 상악골의 전, 하방 성장을 억제하였다. 2. 하악골의 전방 전위 및 반시계방향 회전을 유도하였다. 3. Deep overbite와 large overjet이 개선되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.171-183
• /
• 1991

This investigation was designed to categorize Angle's class II malocclusion groups through analyzing horizontal and vertical components of craniofacial skeleton in Angle's class II malocclusion. The material selected for this study consisted in standard lateral cephalogram of two hundred and twenteen children, eighty eight boys and one hundred twenty four girls, aged 6 through 18 years, having Angle's class II malocclusion. On the basis of findings of this study, the following results were obtained. 1. In horizontal skeletal classifications, 16 groups were classified according to FMN-A-B, SE-FMN-A, Ba-SE-Me, Ba-Se/Ra P. The sequences that have relatively high frequency are as follows: a) Horizontal Group 16 b) Horizontal Group 12 c) Horizontal Group 13 d) Horizontal Group 9 & 15 2. In vertical skeletal classification, 8 groups were classified according to the PMV/PP, PMV/Occ. P. PMV/Mn. P. The sequences that relatively high frequency are as follows; a) Vertical Group A b) Vertical Group D c) Vertical Group C d) Vertical Group H 3. In vertical and horizontal skeletal classifications, the sequence that relatively high frequency are as follows; a) Group13-A b) Group16-A & 9-A c) Group12-A & 15-A d) Group16-C

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제53권2호
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2023

Objective: Morphometric and morphological evaluation of the mandibular condyle in adults and to identify its correlation with skeletal malocclusion patterns. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 135 adult patients were used in this study and classified into groups according to four criteria: (1) sex (male and female); (2) sagittal skeletal discrepancy (Class I, Class II, and Class III); (3) vertical skeletal discrepancy (hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent); and age (group 1 ≤ 20 years, 21 ≤ group 2 < 30, and group 3 ≥ 30 years). The morphometrical variables were mandibular condyle height and width, and the morphological variable was the mandibular condyle shape in coronal and sagittal sections. Three-dimensional standard tessellation language files were created using itk-snap (open-source software), and measurements were performed using Meshmixer (open-source software). Results: The mandibular condyle height was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in patients with class III malocclusion than in those with class I or II malocclusion; the mandibular condyle width was not significantly different among different sexes, age groups, and sagittal and vertical malocclusions. There were no statistical associations between various mandibular condyle shapes and the sexes, age groups, and skeletal malocclusions. Conclusions: The condylar height was greatest in patients with class III malocclusion. The condylar height and width were greater among males than in females. The mandibular condyle shapes observed in sagittal and coronal sections did not affect the skeletal malocclusion patterns.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.229-237
• /
• 1985

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in soft tissue characteristics according to the dental or skeletal dysplasia. For this purpose, lateral cephalogram of 153 children (Hellman dental age IIIB: control group 32, Angle CIII. div. 1 malocclusion group 55, Angle Cl III group 66) were traced and measured. For these measurements, following conclusions were made. 1. FH A, FH Sn, FH UL, AA' of the Class III group were thicker than those of the normal and Class II group, but FH B, FH LL, BB' of the Class III group were not significantly different from those of the normal group. 2. FH B, FH LL, BB' of the Class II group were thicker than those of the normal and Class III group, but FH A, FH Sn, FH UL, AA' of the Class II group were not significantly different from those of the noraml group. 3. Ans-Sn, FH P were not significantly different in three groups, while PP' of the Class III group was thicker than those of the other groups. 4. The lower lips of the Class II group were more anterioly everted with respect to the lower incisor inclination than those of the other groups. 5. The severity of skeletal dysplasia was partly camouflaged by the soft tissue.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.277-288
• /
• 2017

Objective: Treating Class II subdivision malocclusion with asymmetry has been a challenge for orthodontists because of the complicated characteristics of asymmetry. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of dental and skeletal asymmetry in Class II subdivision malocclusion, and to assess the relationship between the condyle-glenoid fossa and first molar. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 32 patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion were three-dimensionally reconstructed using the Mimics software. Forty-five anatomic landmarks on the reconstructed structures were selected and 27 linear and angular measurements were performed. Paired-samples t-tests were used to compare the average differences between the Class I and Class II sides; Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used for analyzing the linear association. Results: The faciolingual crown angulation of the mandibular first molar (p < 0.05), sagittal position of the maxillary and mandibular first molars (p < 0.01), condylar head height (p < 0.01), condylar process height (p < 0.05), and angle of the posterior wall of the articular tubercle and coronal position of the glenoid fossa (p < 0.01) were significantly different between the two sides. The morphology and position of the condyle-glenoid fossa significantly correlated with the three-dimensional changes in the first molar. Conclusions: Asymmetry in the sagittal position of the maxillary and mandibular first molars between the two sides and significant lingual inclination of the mandibular first molar on the Class II side were the dental characteristics of Class II subdivision malocclusion. Condylar morphology and glenoid fossa position asymmetries were the major components of skeletal asymmetry and were well correlated with the three-dimensional position of the first molar.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 2004

골격성 II급 부정교합을 치료하는데 있어서, Tweed-Merrifield directional force technology는 시계 반대 방향으로의 양호한 골격적 변화 및 균형 잡힌 안모를 얻는데 기여하고 있다. 이는 적절한 방향으로의 J-hook을 통한 headgear force의 사용이 필수적이다. 따라서 환자의 협조에 대한 의존이 절대적이므로 약간의 문제점이 있는 것 또한 사실이다. 하지만 최근 skeletal anchorage를 이용하여 환자의 협조를 최소화하면서도 보다 효과적으로 고정원 보강을 할 수 있는 방법이 많이 시행되고 있어 이를 보완 할 수 있게 되었다. 저자는 HPJH(high pull J-hook)과 skeletal anchorage를 병용하여 directional force를 적용한 결과 상악 구치부에서의 고정원 보강과 상악 전치부의 토크 조절 및 mandibular response를 얻음으로써 양호한 안모의 균형을 얻을 수가 있었다. 이 치료 결과로 보아 skeletal anchorage는 HPJH을 대신하여 상악 견치 및 전치부 견인시 상악 구치부의 전후적 및 수직적 고정원 보강 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다 상악 전치부 견인시 상악 전치부의 토크 조절, 압하 및 치체이동을 위해 HPJH을 사용하였지만, 이 또한 mini 혹은 microscrew로 대체한다면 환자의 협조를 최소화하면서도 양호한 치료결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.