• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the colonization rate of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), the characteristics of CRE isolates, and risk factors for CRE colonization in patients transferred to the general wards of a small/medium-sized hospital. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent CRE culture tests within 24 hours of admission among patients transferred to a small/medium-sized hospital. Forty-seven patients confirmed as positive for CRE were classified as belonging to the patient group. For the control group, 235 patients (five times the number of the patient group) were matched by sex, age, and diagnosis, and then selected at random. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The CRE colonization rate was 5% (47 out of 933 patients), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (68.0%) was the most common isolate of CRE. The positivity rate of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae was 61.7%. The risk factors for CRE colonization included renal disease (odds ratio [OR]=4.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-16.31), heart disease (OR=3.86; 95% CI, 1.35-11.01), indwelling urinary catheters (OR=4.43; 95% CI, 1.59-12.36), and cephalosporin antibiotic use (OR=8.57; 95% CI, 1.23-59.60). Conclusion: Having a comorbid renal or cardiac disease, an indwelling urinary catheter, or a history of exposure to cephalosporin antibiotics could be classified as risk factors for CRE colonization in patients transferred to small and medium-size hospitals. It is necessary to perform active infection control through proactive CRE culture testing of patients with risk factors.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2010

목적: 회전근 개 전층 중파열, 대파열 환자에 대하여 관절경적 교량형 봉합 술식을 시행한 후 임상 결과를 분석 보고하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2007년 11월부터 2008년 10월까지 회전근 개 전층 중파열, 대파열을 관절경적 교량형 봉합 술식으로 치료받은 90예를 대상으로 하였고, 평균 추시 기간은 15개월 (12~23개월)이었다. 파열의 크기는 중파열이 43예, 대파열이 47예였다. 술 전 및 최종 추시 시 KSS, ASES, UCLA, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)를 이용한 기능평가를 시행하였다. 결과: 휴식 및 운동 시 평균 VAS 점수는 각각 수술 전 2.56, 6.94에서 최종 추시 시 0.96, 1.70으로 현저한 감소를 보였다. UCLA 점수는 수술 전 평균 17.08점에서 최종 추시 시 31.17점으로 향상되었으며, 최우수가 31예 (34%), 양호가 49예 (54%), 불량이 10예 (12%)였다. 최종 추시 시 60세 이하인 경우 31.47점, 61세 이상인 경우 30.69점이었으며 (p=0.344), 중파열인 경우 31.23점, 대파열인 경우 31.11점이었고 (p=0.924), 비외상군이 31.10점, 외상군이 31.23점이었다 (p=0.929). 결론: 회전근 개 전층 중파열, 대파열 환자에서 관절경적 교량형 봉합 술식을 시행하여 동통의 감소 및 견관절 기능 향상의 우수한 결과를 얻을 수 있어 믿을만한 수술적 방법 중 하나라고 생각한다. 수술 당시 연령, 외상력 유무는 치료 결과에 큰 영향을 주지 않았다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2013

최근 우리나라 중소병의원의 열악한 경영환경은 새로운 전략이 필요하다. 이러한 전략의 하나로서 한국에서 네트워크 병원의 개념이 빠르게 확산되고 있다. 즉 경제학적으로 유효한 규모의 경제를 적절히 활용한 양적 및 질적 측면 모두에서 양질의 의료 서비스를 제공 할 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 병 의원이 마케팅 강화전략 차원에서 도입한 네트워크 병원의 이론적 배경과 네트워크병원 시스템 구조를 살펴보고자 한다. 연구모델은 의료환경 변화에 따라 중소 병의원들이 마케팅측면의 단점을 극복하고, 경쟁력 강화차원에서 급증하고 있는 네트워크병원의 SD모델을 개발하고 경영성과를 평가하고 분석하는데 있다. 연구모델은 선행연구에서 도출된 광고, 브랜드로 인한 효과와 교육효과를 네트워크 효과라 정의하였다. 네트워크 병원에 가입된 6개 병원의 가입 전후 각 3개년간의 재무적 자료(2006년~2011년)와 네트워크효과를 반영하여 모델을 개발하였고, 시뮬레이션 결과 경영성과에 미치는 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났고 그 기간은 4년이 지속되는 것으로 분석되었다. 병의원은 지역간 경쟁이 심화되어 마케팅 전략차원에서 네트워크병원에 가입하게 된다. 네트워크병원에 가입으로 인하여 광고 등 브랜드 효과와 정기적으로 시행하는 교육은 경쟁력 향상으로 이어지고 경영성과로 결과가 나타나게 되는데 이러한 결과는 선행연구와 일치하였다. 네트워크 병원은 일부 프랜차이즈 업종에서 나타난 것처럼 초기 신규개원이나 시설개선을 통한 리뉴얼 오픈에 적합하며, 그 효과가 클 것으로 예견된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.880-894
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to a) measure the IC identified of CFMC (contract foodservice management company) ,b) examine IC circumstance of CFMC, c) evaluate practically IC measurement tool of CFMC, and d) present information for selecting an adequate CFMC to clients. The questionnaires of IC measurement were handed out to 108 CFMCs, there composing of main office employees, foodservice managers, customers, and clients of 207 school,38 hospital, and 86 husiness/industry foodservices. The statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS Win (ver 12.0) for descriptive analysis, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test. First, CFMCs had operational experience for an average of 8 years and 8 months, and served an average of 38,540 meals a day. Most of the respondent companies specialized in the school foodservice field and managed an average of 66 clients for the contract period of 2 years and 3 months. Second, the respondent companies had gotten a score of 77.78 points for the total average, 77.7 points in the large enterprise group and 78.1 points in the small and medium-sized enterprise group. Therefore, the minimum number of points for the accrediting license on Qualification is suggested to be over 70 out of a 100 point scale; this study would be serve as reference for the certification license on qualification. On the level of evaluation category, the scores were 14.15 to 20 points on $\ulcorner$finance$\urcorner$, 19.24 to 25 points on $\ulcorner$customer$\urcorner$, 19.33 to 25 points on $\ulcorner$process$\urcorner$, 14.31 to 20 points on $\ulcorner$human resource$\urcorner$, and 8.6 to 10 point on $\ulcorner$renewal and development$\urcorner$ . $\ulcorner$Renewal and development$\urcorner$ and $\ulcorner$customer focus$\urcorner$ received better grades than other evaluation categories. Third, $\ulcorner$Finance$\urcorner$ indicated similar distribution overall. Small and medium-sized companies had lower grades than large companies on 'market ability' of $\ulcorner$customer$\urcorner$ , but, clients of small and medium-sized companies had higher grade for 'client satisfaction' than large companies. Most of the companies supported 'infrastructure support for foodservice operation' of $\ulcorner$process$\urcorner$ by the main office of CFMCs, but, the branch chain offices of CFMCs were not applied efficiently. Large companies made more effort to improve the 'employee ability' of $\ulcorner$human focus$\urcorner$ than small and medium-sized CFMC. The 'research and development cost' of $\ulcorner$renewal and development$\urcorner$ was increased compared to the previous year. In conclusion, if CFMCs were to perform self-evaluation and a routine checkups by utilizing CFMC's IC measuring tool, improvements in CFMC operational capacities as well as foodservice quality can be noted. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10)'880$\sim$894,2005)

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.57-79
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• 2024

연구의 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 중소 지방 병원 내에서 사내 기업가 활동 의도의 선행요인을 탐색함에 있다. 본 연구는 병원 종사자의 개인적 역량과 경영적 역량이 사내 기업가 지향성에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측하였다. 그리고 사내 기업가 활동의도에 미치는 사내 기업가 지향성의 영향은 사내 기업가 활동의 헌신에 의해서 매개가 될 것으로 예측하였다. 연구방법론: 우리나라 창원시에 위치한 'D'병원과 'E' 병원에서 종사하는 299명의 의료인으로부터 설문자료를 수집하였다. 그리고 수집된 자료에 대하여 구조방정식 모형분석을 수행하여 연구모형과 연구가설을 통계적 유의수준에서 평가하였다. 연구결과: 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구대상자가 인식하는 개인적 역량과 경영적 역량은 사내 기업가 지향성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사내 기업가 지향성은 사내 기업가 활동 의도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 사내 기업가 활동 의도에 미치는 사내 기업가 지향성의 영향은 사내 기업가 활동 헌신에 의해서 매개가 되는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 비의료 집단 내에서의 사내 기업가 활동 헌신의 매개효과는 의료집단 내에서의 매개효과보다 크며, 관찰된 차이는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 평가되었다. 시사점: 본 연구의 결과는 우리나라 중소병원이 가지는 어려움과 문제점을 해결하기 위해 수행해야 하는 전략 중의 하나인 사내 기업가 활동을 활성화하기 위한 중요한 전제조건과 시사점을 제공한다.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2019

Purpose - From the advanced path of development and current situation, the development of enterprises plays a tremendous role in promoting national economic growth and raising the overall national strength. Therefore, this paper aims at examining the mutual effect between small & medium enterprises and economic growth. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to address the operating mutual effect between the small & medium enterprises and economic growth more clearly, this paper sets Alibaba Group and Hangzhou as an example. Meanwhile, the annual data from 2000 to 2017 will be employed, and an empirical analysis will be performed under the vector error correction model. Results - The findings display that the total revenue of Alibaba Group has a positive effect on economic growth in city of Hangzhou. However, the Granger Causality test implies that there is only a unidirectional causality between total revenue of Alibaba Group and economic growth in Hangzhou. More specifically, 1% increase in total revenue of Alibaba Group can result in 0.272% in economic growth of Hangzhou in the long run. Conclusions - In summary, for the long run, the local governments should promulgate a series of policies to assist the small & medium enterprises like Alibaba Group to improve the local economic growth as seen in the city of Hangzhou.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

Nonthermal atmospheric plasma has been studied for its many biomedical effects, such as tooth bleaching, wound healing, and coagulation. In this study, the effects of dentinal tubules occlusion were investigated using fluoride-carboxymethyl cellulose (F-CMC) gel, nano-sized hydroxyapatite (n-HA), and nonthermal atmospheric plasma. Human dentin specimens were divided to 5 groups (group C, HA, HAF, HAP, and HAFP). Group HA was treated with n-HA, group HAF was treated with n-HA after a F-CMC gel application, group HAP was treated with n-HA after a plasma treatment and group HAFP was treated with n-HA after a plasma and F-CMC gel treatment. The occlusion of dentinal tubules was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), which shows Ca/P ratio. In the EDS results, a higher Ca/P ratio was shown in the groups including n-HA than in the control group. The specimens of group HAP and HAFP had a higher Ca/P ratio in retentivity. In the SEM results, there was not a significant difference in the amount of times applied. Therefore, this study suggests F-CMC gel and n-HA treatment using nonthermal atmospheric plasma will be a new treatment method for decreasing hypersensitivity.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.79-91
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• 1999

The aim of this study focused on student-centered learning not teacher-centered teaching in middle school math classes. This study was performed to check the growth of students' problem-solving abilities, learning attitudes and changes in learning motivation among affective characteristics. The results of this study is as followings: 1) The controlled group a heterogeneous group which had classes in a math room, had more meaningful growth than the uncontrolled group. The results of the study show that the problem-solving abilities of the high-leveled group were better than those of the low-leveled group. 2) The controlled group has shown meaningful difference in their mean in learning aptitude test and attitude test converted their score into 100 points than uncontrolled group, and various kinds of learning materials suitable for problem solving are proved as a good learning factor to induce students' motivation and interest. 3) Students prefer to have classes in a math room to the small-sized and large-numbered classrooms. The atmosphere in a math room is more suitable to improving their problem-solving abilities. In this context, the classes performed in a math room are fairly positive. Consequently, students' leveled learning activities performed in a math room can get their learning motivation and attention from those who are lack of interest and think math is difficult and be effective to increase their problem-solving abilities as a learning method for acquiring the whole course of solving the problems.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2011

As an active emission display using emissive polymer has had much attention recently, needs for a selective patterning of emissive layer for those displays have been increased abruptly. Therefore, the various laser sources in terms of its wavelength has been used for laser direct patterning. In this work, the feasibility of those processes is examined using numerical analysis and the experimental investigation. A sample has multi-layered structure, emissive polymer on aluminum which is deposited on a glass substrate. Key factors for optimizing the laser patterning of the emissive polymer are considered into the control of ablation products, large-sized particle, and the choice of the appropriate wavelength for minimizing the heat affected zone and the remnant layer.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제4C권2호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2004

The performance of copper-tungsten for electrodes used in an ultra high voltage interruption system was evaluated by means of an interruption test, which requires a large-scale apparatus and high cost. In this study, prior to the interruption test, the characteristics of a Cu-W electrode were estimated through the DC arc test, which is a simple, low cost procedure. The DC arc characteristics of a 20wt%Cu-80wt%W electrode were investigated with the change of tungsten powder size distribution and the addition of nickel. In specimens containing a high volume fraction of large sized tungsten particles, the relative density and hardness of sintered Cu-W electrodes increased while the electrical conductivity and the DC arc resistance decreased. Furthermore, the relative density became enhanced with the increase of the amount of nickel while the hardness and electrical conductivity diminished and the DC arc resistance worsened.