• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.31
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• pp.12-18
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• 2002

This study was performed to construct the spatial systems and shape grammars in architecture based on Froebel's educational idea and building gifts. Especially, it studies on the geometrical principles of Froebel's building gifts and it's types, and then illustrates applied examples about design vocabularies, spatial relations and shape rules of the spatial systems and shape grammars in architecture. The conclusions of this study that starts these purpose are as follows. First, Froebel's educational theory is based on principles and rules which are perceived through the observation of nature, and Froebel's kindergarten method consists of geometrical building gifts and categories of geometrical forms. Second, the characteristics of Froebel's building gifts are mathematical size, proportion, symmetry and the rules of spatial relation. Third, the development to the construction of spatial systems and shape grammars in architecture focus on the vocabularies of architectural elements, and Froebel's building gifts are used for illustration of examples in these formula.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.241-244
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• 2005

Many building detection methods mainly rely on line segments extracted from aerial or satellite imagery. Building detection methods based on line segments, however, are difficult to succeed in high resolution satellite imagery such as IKONOS imagery, for most buildings in IKONOS imagery have small size of roofs with low contrast between roof and background. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to extract line segments and group them at the same time. First, edge preserving filtering is applied to the imagery to remove the noise. Second, we segment the imagery by watershed method, which collects the pixels with similar intensities to obtain homogeneous region. The boundaries of homogeneous region are not completely coincident with roof boundaries due to low contrast in the vicinity of the roof boundaries. Finally, to resolve this problem, we set up snake model with segmented region boundaries as initial snake's positions. We used a greedy algorithm to fit a snake to roof boundary. Experimental results show our method can obtain more .correct roof boundary with small size and low contrast from IKONOS imagery. Snake algorithm, building roof detection, watershed segmentation, edge-preserving filtering

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.19 no.3 s.67
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• pp.101-107
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• 2004

Recently, construction work's tendency has become a high-rise building, a complexity and a large size. According to the KOSHA data, construction work accidents have not been decreased. Looking at from the side of accident accidents of construction industry are occupied over 1/3 among all industry accidents. Therefore, this study will analyze the accident of the building construction work from the data of KOSHA which were collected during 11 years$(1992\~2002)$ data relating to serious accidents of the building construction work suggest the counterplan according to the each work type in building construction work.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.196-197
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• 2015

In tall building construction, time for transporting form affects formwork duration as plan size has become larger and quantity of inputted form has been increased. Thus, necessity of systematic dismantlement sequence of form has been increased to reduce the duration of formwork. Tabu search has been efficiently applied to solve problem of combinatorial optimization by using tabu list which can improve combination values. Therefore, this study proposes optimization model of dismantlement sequence of table form which has been preferred in tall building construction, to reduce the formwork duration by minimizing time for transporting form.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.41-42
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• 2022

This study analyzed the process related to the linkage between on-site work targeting the middle size Precast Concrete(PC) public apartment building with beam-column system and prepared on-site works flow relationship diagram in which the wet process consists of core Critical Path(CP) to prepare a network diagram of the Precedence Diagram Method(PDM). Through this study, it is expected that it will be possible to maximize the project management capability by suggesting a method to minimize risk factors and the optimized process management of the beam-column system PC public apartment building.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.69-82
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• 2012

This study is basically about four-guardian-statutes-building-gate in 17th Century. In the field of art-history, there are four-guardian-statutes made of clay in order that the statutes are so gigantic and grotesque enough to threaten all the devils. This purpose of this study is to make sure that the similar variation occurred at the four-guardian-statutes-building-gate in 17th century. The results of this study are as follows. First, only Da-Po style four-guardian-statutes-building-gates were built in famous four temples separately from 1612 until the Manchu war of 1636. And there are gigantic four-guardian-statutes made of clay in the building. Second, there are Chul-mok Ik-gong style buildings were built in 1660s at Bo-Rim-Sa and Neung-Ga-Sa. The buildings including four-guardian-statutes-building-gate of Song-gwang-sa built in 1636 probably are all similar to earlier Da-Po style four-guardian-statutes-building-gates in the viewpoint of structural type and size of building. Third, it began to build Ik-gong style four-guardian-statutes-building-gates in 1676 at Su-ta-sa.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.587-606
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• 2013

The given paper presents a new approach in design of seismic isolation systems of base isolated buildings. The idea is to install not one big size rubber bearing under the columns and/or shear walls, or one by one with certain spacing under the load-bearing walls, but to install a group/cluster of small size bearings, in order to increase the overall effectiveness of the isolation system. The advantages of this approach are listed and illustrated by the examples. Also the results of analyses of some buildings where the approach on installation of clusters of rubber bearings was used in their isolation systems are given for two cases: i) when the analyses are carried out based on the provisions of the Armenian Seismic Code, and ii) when the time history analyses are carried out. Obtained results are compared and discussed. Paper also presents, as an example, detailed analysis and design of the 18-story unique building in one of the residential complexes in Yerevan. Earthquake response analyses of this building were carried out in two versions, i.e. when the building is base isolated and when it is fixed base. Several time histories were used in the analyses. Comparison of the obtained results indicates the high effectiveness of the proposed structural concepts of isolation systems and the need for further improvement of the Seismic Code provisions regarding the values of the reduction factors. A separate section in the paper dedicated to the design of high damping laminated rubber-steel bearings and to results of their tests.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.171-186
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to find out the recent trends of hanok design based on 58 hanoks appeared in architecture magazines in the last 10 years. The cases are analyzed in terms of location, size, building form, spatial organization, material, roof form, and the ceiling form of living room. The consequences of this study is as follows; Most of the recent hanoks are built in rural area (91.4%), which shows the hanok is not accepted as an urban house type. Hanoks tend to be built in 2 stories whose 2nd floor is smaller than the 1st floor. (34.5%) The preferred size is total floor area of $99.2{\sim}165.2m^2$ (62.0%), 3 rooms (46.6%) with a traditional ondol room (60.3%). The buildings with ㄱ-shape (43.1%) and linear-shape (27.6%) are preferred, and the compact plan type similar with apartment house appears (13.8%). In the roof design that greatly influences the appearance of building, the traditional design factors such as half-hipped roof (55.2%), double eaves (27.6%), and eaves curve tend to be sustained. In terms of spatial organization, most of recent hanoks have double-layed plan (74.2%). The living room mostly has separately defined space. (82.8%) The indoor and outdoor tend to be connected by a narrow wooden veranda (39.7%), while some cases don't have any wooden floor space (48.3%). The entrance is adopted as an important spatial element in front part of building (75.9%), and it influences the appearance of building. The living room, the counterpart of the wooden floor hall in traditional hanok, and kitchen tend to be interiorized. In terms of material, the cement roof tile and red clay brick are preferred. Consequently, the walls of recent hanoks have the image of brick structure rather than the wooden frame structure of traditonal hanok.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

The most crucial point of reducing building energy is application of high performance envelope. The amount of heat exchange through window is highest in comparison of other envelopes so that heat exchange through window influence directly with building energy consumption. The window energy performance can be define with thermal, leakage and optical performance. In previous study we can confirmed that not only thermal performance but also optical performance are considered, 11% to 15% of building energy consumption can be reduced. Smart window system has potential of energy saving so that many industry field use smart window system including architectural area and these aspect causes smart window market continuous growth year by year. In this study, building energy consumption has been analyzed which consist of smart window that dynamically control optical states. The consideration of standard commercial building model for research, the reference medium size commercial building model of DOE (Department Of Energy, USA) has been used. The building energy simulation result of 4 axis in 8 regions in Korea shows 8% to 22% reduction of building energy consumption by application of smart window system.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.49-72
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• 2017

The Guangzhou International Finance Centre (IFC) is a landmark building that symbolizes the emerging international strength of Guangzhou, China's third largest city. It is also one of the dual iconic towers along the main axis of Guangzhou Zhujiang New Town. Arup adopted a total engineering approach in embracing sustainability and aiming at high efficiency solutions based on performance-based design principles covering structures, building services, fire engineering, vertical transportation, and façade performance to constitute an efficient and cost-effective overall building design. Through dynamic integration of architectural and engineering principles, Guangzhou IFC represents a pioneering supertall building in China. It adopts a diagrid exoskeleton structural form that is clearly expressed through the building's façade and gives the building its distinctive character. The aerodynamic shape of the building not only presents the aesthetic quality of elegant simplicity, but also reduces the effects of wind, thereby reducing the size and weight of the structure. State-of-the-art advanced engineering methods, such as optimization techniques and nonlinear finite element modelling, were applied in parallel with large-scale experimental programs to achieve an efficient and high-performance design taking into account the constructability and cost-effectiveness for a project of this scale.