• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.102-108
• /
• 2002

Resistance spot welding of aluminum alloys is based upon Joule heating of the components by passing a large current in a short duration. Since aluminum alloys have the potential to replace steels fur automobile body assemblies, it is important to study the process robustness of aluminum spot welding process. In order to evaluate the effects of process parameters on the weld quality, major process variables and abnormal process conditions were selected and analyzed. A newly developed two-stage, sliding-level experiment was adopted fur effective parameter design and analysis. Suitable ranges of welding current and button diameters were obtained through the experiment. The effects of the factors and their levels on the variation of acceptable welding current were considered in terms of main effects. From the results, it is concluded that any abnormal process condition decreases the suitable current range in the weld lobe curve. Pareto analysis of variance was also introduced to estimate the significant factors on the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. Among the six factors studied, fit-up condition is found to be the most significant factor influencing the SM ratio. Using a Pareto diagram, the optimal condition is determined and the SM ratio is significantly improved using the optimal condition.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.14
• /
• pp.5593-5596
• /
• 2014

Background: The objective of this study was to determine a diagnostic classification scheme using a decision tree based model. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective case-control study in Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran during 2001 to 2009. Data, including demographic and clinical-pathological characteristics, were uniformly collected from 624 females, 312 of them were referred with positive diagnosis of breast cancer (cases) and 312 healthy women (controls). The decision tree was implemented to develop a diagnostic classification scheme using CART 6.0 Software. The AUC (area under curve), was measured as the overall performance of diagnostic classification of the decision tree. Results: Five variables as main risk factors of breast cancer and six subgroups as high risk were identified. The results indicated that increasing age, low age at menarche, single and divorced statues, irregular menarche pattern and family history of breast cancer are the important diagnostic factors in Iranian breast cancer patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the analysis were 66% and 86.9% respectively. The high AUC (0.82) also showed an excellent classification and diagnostic performance of the model. Conclusions: Decision tree based model appears to be suitable for identifying risk factors and high or low risk subgroups. It can also assists clinicians in making a decision, since it can identify underlying prognostic relationships and understanding the model is very explicit.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.81-100
• /
• 2011

With the smart device deployment, the interest in NFC technology is increasing. In this study, to be successful in NFC based business commercialization, we present main factors affecting success of NFC based e-commerce business model. To this end, we conduct NFC and business models, case study methodology through literature review. And then, we suggest representative NFC e-commerce business model cases, and practices that affect the success or failure of the six factors are derived Derived factors are based on inductive learning to apply the technology to create a case study table, and decision trees to bring it, NFC-based commerce business models need to be successful at the strategic implications are present.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2023

Revising the Occupational Safety and Health Act led to enacting and revising related laws and systems, such as placing fire observers in hot workplaces. However, the operating standards in such cases are still ambiguous. Although fire accidents occur through multiple and multi-step factors, the hazards of fire accidents have been identified in this study as individual rather than interrelated factors. The aim has been to identify multiple factors of accidents, outlining fire and explosion accidents that recently occurred in the domestic manufacturing industry. First, major keywords were extracted through text mining. Then representative accident types were derived by combining the main keywords through the co-word network analysis to identify the hazards and their relationships. The representative fire accidents were identified as six types, and their major hazards were then addressed for improving safety measures using the identification of hazards in the "Risk Assessment" tool. It is found that various safety measures, such as professional fire observers' training and clear placement standards, are needed. This study will provide useful basic data for revising practical laws and guidelines for fire accident prevention, system supplementation, safety policy establishment, and future related research.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.165-191
• /
• 2008

Traditionally, information systems audit has been carried out by the auditors. So the main focuses of audit are managerial point of view, such as finding errors or missing functions. The final purpose of audit, however, is to help the organization to make better decision through better information services. So we felt that managerial point of audit should be extended to include the factors that increase the competitiveness of organization. To accomplish this goal, new factors that reflect the ideas of three groups, users, developers in addition to auditors. First, by adopting the ideas from service quality evaluation area, we develop six items and 24 indexes for information systems audit. Second, we separate the audit related parties into three groups, users, developers and auditors. The main reason is that major concerns of three groups to the system will be different considerably. Third, we quantified the weights of each group to each 6 items and 24 indexes using Analytic Hierarchy Process. Fourth, the resulting weights of each item are found to be different by the group, and possible reasons are analyzed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.24 no.3 s.35
• /
• pp.373-389
• /
• 1991

In order to develop the measuring tool of VDT syndrome and investigate the variables affecting the development of VDT syndrome, a questionnaire study accompanied with the evaluation of working environment was performed with 138 VDT users from six public organs in Kwangju area. The results were summarized as follows. 1. As a result of analysis with data collected by newly developed questionnaire, VDT syndrome included five factors named as eye-related component, psychological component, general body component, musculoskeletal component, and skin-related component and the estimates of the internal consistency of five factors were 0.877, 0.820, 0.796, 0.791, 0.593 respectively. 2. Variables affecting the level of eye-related symptoms were the type of main b using VDT, the total time of VDT operation per day, and the use of external filter on CRT. 3. The level of eye-related symptoms in the group using external filter was higher significantly than that in the group not using filter. 4. The past history of severe illness affected the level of psychological symptoms significantly. 5. Variables affecting the level of general body symptoms were b satisfaction and income satisfaction. 6. Variables affecting the level of musculoskeletal symptoms were the type of main job using VDT, whether majored in EDPS, the level of typewriting, b satisfaction, and the total time of VDT operation per day. 7. Age and the use of external filter were significantly related to the level of skin-related symptoms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.1664-1667
• /
• 2005

The main function of Ball-Stop part is to operate power shift for vehicle with more than 5 ton when a driver changes gear using suitable force. This paper presents the implementation of a DFSS(Design For Six Sigma) for robust design of Ball-Stop part of power shift. The factors influencing Ball-Stop part performance is derived to find control factor. Based on this factor, contact force between head and detent pin analysis is performed to get optimal factor is analyzed and compared with contact force test result to verify reliability of design. This makes clear the reason why the proposed one is necessary and the role of DFSS.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.67-81
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether early child-care experience, alone or in combination with mother/child factors, was associated with emotion regulation. Participants were forty 12-18 month-old infants, their mothers and their caregivers. Infants were observed in the Strange Situation to assess the pattern of emotion regulation. Mothers were interviewed, given Questionnaires, and observed in play. Caregivers were observed in child care to assess the caregiving environment. There were significant main effects of good quality child care on open emotion expression and heightening emotion expression. Significant interaction effects revealed that infants were more likely to be open emotion expression when high maternal sensitivity /responsiveness was combined with good quality child care, or nonmaterial care initiated prior to six month of age. Infants were more likely to be minimizing emotion expression when low maternal sensitivity/responsiveness was combined with nonmaternal care initiated after six month of age, or more than one care arrangement. Difficult temperament infants received nonrelative care were somewhat more likely to be minimizing emotion expression. Infants were more Likely to be heightening emotion expression when high maternal sensitivity/responsiveness was combined with relative care. Boys experiencing nonrelative care were more Likely to be heightening emotion expression.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.444-453
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to construct a grounded theory as the basis for nursing intervention by describing and analysing the holistic lived experiences of clients receiving long-term hemodialysis. The subjects of this study were fifteen persons receiving regular hemodialysis regimen at artificial kindey treatment centers in two different university hospitals, and who were able to participate in conversation and were available for long and dup interviews. Eight of the subjects were male and seven were female and their ages ranged from 30's to 60's. The length of the hemodialysis experience ranged from two months to six years. The collection and analysis of data were done in accordance with the grounded theory methodology of Strauss & Corbin. The method to collect the data mainly depended. on long and deep interviews, participant observation and focused group interviews and the equipment used to collect data were a portable tape recorder and field notes. The study is summarized as follows : 1. The meaning of holistic lived experiences of clients receiving long -term hemodialysis was found to be uncertainty. which was identified as the core category. 2. The main categories following the core category were found to be shock, ambiguity, social support and quality of life. 3. Through the main category the type of behavior newly formed by clients receiving long-term hemodialysis was found to be as follows. That is to say, in the circumstances of shock caused by the identified fact and the ambiguity of hemodilysis they formed a quality of life based on social support, which was found to be a kind of chaotic phenomenon. 4. The lived experiences of clients receiving long-tern hemodialysis was found to include nine categories : emotional shock, feelings of isolation, burden, unclearness, dependency, help from others, coping strategies, maintenance of self-esteem and transitional life. 5. The intervening factors influencing each category are as follows : 1) The factors influencing 'emetional shock' were found to be set age, the level of knowledge received in advance, locus of control, the period of struggle against the disease before hemodialysis and whether any serious illness existed. 2) The factors influencing 'feelings of isolation' were found to be religion and the length of the hemodialysis experience. 3) The factors influencing 'burden' were found to be sex, economic situation, employment status and the length of the hemodialysis experience. 4) The factors influencing 'unclearness' were found to be sex, age, religion. economic situation, the length of the hemodiaysis experience, whether they had had a transfusion and whether there were any complications. 5) The factors influencing 'help from others' were found to be religion. economic situation, past experiences and whether family members lived together. 6) The factors influencing 'coping strategies' were foung to be age, level of education, experiences of illness and locus of control. 7) The factors influeruing 'maintenance of self-esteem' were found to be the length of the hemodialysis experience and self-actualization. 8) The factors influencing 'transitional life' were found to be age, religion, economic situation, employment status. locus of control. past experiences and whether there was a plan for a kidney transplant.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.185-209
• /
• 2000

A review of shows that past research has focused predominately on foreign market entry strategy issues in relatively well-established firms. These studies have either ignored venture firms or have failed to treat these firms separately. Only recently, researchers have broadened their search to include aspects of the foreign market investment of the venture. The purposes of this study are to identify and explain the impact factors such as ownership specific advantage, transaction cost, and location specific advantage on the choice of foreign market entry strategy for venture firms. To find the perceived the foreign market entry strategy and determinant factors, 130 venture CEOs from the computer and communications equipment industries were asked to describe their venture's foreign market entry strategy through 17 questionnaire items on competitive method. Using factor analysis, the six determinant factors were categorized. To test the relationships between the foreign market entry strategy and factors such as ownership specific advantage, transaction cost, and location specific advantage, the data collected by questionnaire from 92 ventures. The main results of this research are as follows. First, the factors of ownership specific advantage have partially significant impact on the foreign market entry strategy of venture firms, Second, the factors of transaction cost have significant impact on their foreign market entry strategy. Third, the factors of location specific advantage have significant impact on their foreign market entry strategy. This study has produced evidence to demonstrate that the foreign market entry strategy profile of venture firms can be distinguished from those of relatively well-established firms. An expanded study would allow for stronger conclusions regarding the relative explanatory power of individual variables in the method. Additional research is also needed to examine other determinant variables connecting foreign market entry strategy.