• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.19-22
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• 2013

Background: Excessive pronation of the feet can cause excessive inner rotation of the femur, followed by increased stress in the gluteus maximum, increased front slope of the pelvis, and lumbar lordosis, which leads to lumbar pain. The aim of the present study was to use the navicular drop test to examine foot pronation that can cause lumbar lordosis and to determine whether the navicular drop is lower in patients diagnosed with lumbar disc than in patients without this diagnosis. Methods: The Navicular Drop score was set by subtracting the navicular height at a standing position from the navicular height in a sitting position. The Navicular Drop measurements for college student with and without Lumbar Herniated Intervertebral Disc were compared using an independent t-test. Results: The control group were measured right $7.44{\pm}2.96$ and left $8.04{\pm}3.23$. The experimental group were measured right $2.12{\pm}1.33$ and left $2.80{\pm}1.29$. Therefore significant difference was found between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: The navicular drop affected lumbar herniated intervertebral disc.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.129-137
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• 2003

A single subject experimental design (alternating treatment design) was used to compare the effects of only ultrasound and ultrasound combined with stretching of the joint capsule on the ROM increase and pain reduction in patients with frozen shoulder. Two subjects were included in each group. In the only ultrasound treatment sessions, ultrasound was applied at the pain point of the shoulder joint in supine position. In the ultrasound combined with stretching treatment sessions, ultrasound was applied at the pain point of the shoulder joint positioned in external rotation and abduction in sitting position. Only ultrasound treatment and ultrasound combined with stretching treatment were alternately performed on each patient. Pain and disability was measured by shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), and range of motion (ROM) was measured by scratch test. The results of this study showed that ultrasound combined with stretching treatment were more effective than only ultrasound treatment in ROM increase and pain reduction. However, disability score was not significantly different.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.9
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• pp.81-98
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• 2008

This research aims to analyze humorous images expressed in 2D graphics fashion illustrations and to propose application of 2D graphics in humorous images for fashion illustrations to suggest a more creative and relevant fashion illustration for contemporary culture. The result of this research were as follows: First, theories on reaction of humor can be classified into Incongruity theory, Superiority theory and Arousal and Relief theory. Humor in visual arts are classified in Visual Parody, Visual Pun, Visual Paradox and Visual Satire. Second, Visual Pun, Visual Parody, and Visual Satire are used for visualizing fashion illustration, and the foundations for many humor images were simple-colored, imaginative, and unreal settings. And it was also found out that the physical proportion of the models generally was 1(head):7(entire body), 1:8, 1:15 and the models were usually laughing and smiling. Tone was usually pastel and vivid, and posture was usually standing-position or sitting-position. Third, based on such results, fashion illustration works of humor image using 2D graphics were created. To concretize the humor image, 'gift' as a concept was chosen. Humor alleviates the tension and stress. It also brings laughter and pleasure to people's lives. Therefore humor image will be an effective way of expanding creativity in modern fashion illustration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2014.01a
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• pp.139-142
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• 2014

앉아서 생활하는 시간이 많은 현대인들에게 올바르게 앉는 자세는 매우 중요하다. 따라서 현대인들이 올바른 자세를 유지할 수 있도록 도와주는 자세 모니터링 시스템을 고안하게 되었다. 이 시스템의 주요 구성으로는 전원부와 계측부, 제어부, 통신부, 안드로이드기반 어플리케이션으로 나눌 수 있다. 전원부는 9V의 건전지 하나로 구성되어 있고, 2개의 레귤레이터를 통해 아날로그 회로(3.3V)와 MCU(5V)에 전원이 공급되어진다. 그리고 계측부는 6개의 압력센서를 이용하여 아날로그 값을 계측한다. 제어부와 통신부는 MCU 보드(MSP430 Launchpad)와 FB155BC Bluetooth Module로 구성되어 있고, 안드로이드기반 어플리케이션은 Bluetooth Module에서 받은 디지털 신호들을 스마트폰의 화면에 UI공정을 거쳐 디스플레이 한다. 본 연구는 잘못된 자세로 의자에 앉는 습관을 스마트폰의 화면을 통해 실시간으로 확인하고, 바른 자세로 앉을 수 있도록 하여 척추교정 및 척추질환 예방에 기여할 것으로 예상된다.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.321-329
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effect on the change in muscle stiffness in the common extensor muscle (CEM) when using the spiral taping method to promote proprioception. Methods: There were 18 participants in this study. CEM stiffness was measured using a MyotonePRO device with the subject in a sitting position and according to the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) arm pattern. Elastic tape was used as the material for the three taping methods employed in the study: kinesiotaping (KT), right spiral taping (RST), and left spiral taping (LST). The taping methods were applied to the wrist extensor muscle with elongation position. Additionally, when performing PNF arm patterns, spiral taping in diagonal and spiral directions was used to promote CEM proprioceptors. The change in CEM stiffness was compared with the initial data values. Results: The results of this study were obtained by comparing and measuring changes in CEM stiffness using three different tapings. It was found that the stiffness change of the CEM was significant compared to the initial value, and the increase in stiffness of the CEM after RST application was also significant. Conclusion: The results of this study show that by affecting the strength and activation of the extensor muscle, taping performed through the RST method had the most positive effect on the change in CEM stiffness.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out useful radiological projection of shoulder subluxation in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. Methods : A total of 33 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia were included(20 men and 13 women, mean age 62.3 years) and having the subluxed shoulder over one finger breath. The shoulder subluxation was determined as the ratio of the radiographic vertical and horizontal distance. The vertical distance was determined by measuring the distance between the most inferolateral point of the acromion and the central point of the humeral head. The horizontal distance was determined by measuring the distance between the central point of the glenoid fossa and the central point of the humeral head. To measure of the shoulder subluxation, the shoulder AP, axial and transthoracic lateral projections were taken on both affected and unaffected shoulders. We analyzed the difference of subluxation distance by t-test. Results : When patients was in sitting position, the average time of being shoulder subluxation was 123 second. There was significant difference between supine($49.90{\pm}13.6\;mm$) and sitting position($60.72{\pm}16.3\;mm$) in the vertical distance of shoulder anterior-posterior projection. Also, there was significant difference on transthoracic lateral projections, Affected $35.92{\pm}6.2\;mm$, Unaffected $28.76{\pm}5.4\;mm$. But in case of shoulder axial projection(supine position), there was no significant difference (Unaffected and affected was $23.01{\pm}9.0\;mm$, $22.45{\pm}8.2\;mm$ each). Conclusion : Radiological projection of shoulder subluxation has diagnostic value when it goes after check out the process of subluxation through finger breadth test. For this, patients must be in sitting and shoulder neutral position about 2 minutes. In addition, Shoulder anterior-posterior and transthoracic projection were significant to diagnose subluxation. But in axial projection, there wasn't meaningful differences.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of upper trapezius muscle stretching in more tensed position (MTP) and less tensed position (LTP) on the change of range of motion (ROM) for neck rotation, and the ROM for conjunct neck motions at end-range of neck rotation toward the painful side in patients with unilateral neck pain. Eighteen patients with unilateral neck pain were recruited for the study's MTP group, and 18 age-, weight- and gender-matched patients with unilateral neck pain were recruited for LTP group. The ROM changes in active neck primary and conjunct motions were measured using a cervical ROM inclinometer in the sitting position. Our results showed that both upper trapezius stretching method in MTP and LTP were significantly effective in increasing the ROM of neck rotation toward painful side in patients with unilateral neck pain. However, a significantly greater increase in the ROM for neck rotation and a further decrease in conjunct neck extension during neck rotation toward the painful side were shown in MTP group, compared to LTP group. The upper trapezius stretching in MTP is useful in increasing the ROM of neck rotation and decreasing the range of conjunct neck extension during neck rotation toward the painful side in patients with unilateral neck pain.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to compare measurements of abdominal muscle thickness using ultrasonography imaging (USI) to those using a special transducer head device, during five different trunk stabilization exercises, ultimately to determine which exercise led to the greatest muscle thickness. Thirty eight healthy subjects participated in this cross-sectional study. The five types of trunk stabilization - i.e., a sit-up on the supine, an upper and lower extremity raise with quadruped on the prone, a leg raise in sitting on the ball, trunk rolling on the ball, and balance using sling on the prone position - were each performed with an abdominal draw. The thickness of the abdominal muscle - including the transverse abdominal (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) - was measured by USI with a special transducer head device, at rest and then at contraction in each position. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated ANOVA with the level of significance set at ${\alpha}$=.05. The results were as follows: 1) the TrA thickness was statistically significant (p<.05), whereas the IO and EO thicknesses were not (p>.05); 2) among the five types of trunk stabilization, TrA thickness significantly increased with the balance using a sling in the prone position, (p<.05), whereas no significant difference was noted for the four types of trunk stabilization (p>.05); 3) reliability data showed that there was a high degree of consistency among the measurements taken using the special transducer head device (ICC=.92). In conclusion, the balance using a sling in the prone position was more effective than any of the four other types of trunk stabilization in increasing TrA thickness in healthy subjects.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was to evaluate several tasks performed at a high intensity in terms of their ability to elicit EMG activity in the serratus anterior by comparing the EMG activities of the serratus anterior, upper trapezius, and lower trapezius muscles during six tasks combined shoulder flexion with rotation. Methods: Fifteen healthy males were recruited to this study. Each subject was instructed to assume a sitting position without back support and asked to flex (90° or 120°) the right shoulder and protract the scapula in the sagittal plane with maximal external rotation; to assume a neutral position; or to internally rotate the glenohumeral joint. The EMG data were collected from the serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius (UT), and lower trapezius (LT) muscles were normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. The UT/LT and UT/SA muscle activity ratios in each task were assessed by calculating the surface EMG. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, with the level of significance set at p<0.05. Results: The results of this study, shoulder flexion with external rotation resulted in low upper trapezius/serratus anterior and upper trapezius/lower trapezius ratios and a relatively high level of serratus anterior activation. Conclusion: Shoulder flexion with external rotation used herein may be considered as important for clinical interventions aimed at selectively increasing SA strengthen and clinical selection of exercises for improving glenohumeral joint and scapulothoracic control.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to find any correlations among Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Tone Assessment Scale (TAS), Motor Assessment Scale-Gait (MAS-G), Fugl Meyer-Balance (FM-B), and to predict MBI from subscales of the PASS. The subjects were 41 stroke patients of the Korea National Rehabilitation Center in Seoul. The main outcome measures were postural control (PASS), gait (MAS-G), Balance (FM-B), Tone (TAS), ADL (MBI). The data was analyzed using the Pearson product correlation. PASS scale was used between other clinical and instrumental indexes, multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for ADL incline, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to identify internal consistency on PASS scale. The results of this study areas follows: 1. The highest level was sitting without support, the lowest level was standing on paretic leg on PASS scale. The highest level was chair/bed transfer, the lowest level was bathing on MBI. 2. All items of the PASS, except postural tone were significantly correlated with Gait, Balance, MBI (p<.01), 3. The Internal Consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient=.85) was very high, indicating that the PASS is homogeneous and is likely to produce consistent response. Furthermore, the sums of maintaining position items and of changing-position items were strongly correlated (r=.64, p<.05) and there were significant correlations between sums of PASS, sums of maintaining position items (r=.87, p<.01), and changing-position items (r=.93, p<.01). 4. The standing without support of the PASS items was the strongest variance ($R^2$=.85) of the predicting ADL function. These findings provide strong evidence of the predictive value of the postural control on gait, Balance, ADL function in stroke patients and to can provide a reference for the successful therapeutic program and more improved functional recovery.