• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.242-249
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• 2002

The relationship between the tritium release rate from the nuclear power plant and tritium concentration in the environment around the Kori site was modeled. The tritium concentration in the atmosphere was calculated by multiplying the release rates and $\chi$/Q values, and the d3V deposition rate at each sector according to the direction and the distance was obtained using a dry deposition velocity. The area around Kori site was divided into 6 zones according to the deposition rate. The six zones were divided into 14 compartments for the numerical simulation. Transfer coefficients between the compartments were derived using site characterization data. Source terms were calculated from the dry deposition rates. Tritium concentration in surface soil water and groundwater was calculated based upon a compartment model. The semi-analytical solution of the compartment model was obtained with a computer program, AMBER. The results showed that most of tritium deposited onto the land released into the atmosphere and the sea. Also, the estimated concentration in the top soil agreed well to that measured. Using the model, tritium concentration was predicted in the case that the tritium release rates were doubled.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2009

Saturated n-dicarboxylic acids ($C_2-C_7$, $C_9$), unsaturated dicarboxylic acids (maleic, fumaric, phthalic acid), ketocarboxylic acids (pyruvic, glyoxylic acid), and dicarbonyls (glyoxal, methylglyoxal) were determined in size-segregated samples with a high-volume Andersen air sampler at a suburban site in Saitama, Japan, May 12-17 and July 24-27, 2007 and January 22-31, 2008. The seasonal average concentrations of these detected organic acids were 670 $ng/m^3$, accounting for about 4.4-5.7% (C/C) of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and 2.3-3.6% (C/C) of organic carbon (OC). The most abundant species of dicarboxylic acids was oxalic acid, followed by malonic, phthalic, or succinic acids. Glyoxylic acid and methyglyoxal were most abundant ketocarboxylic acid and dicarbonyl, respectively. Seasonal differences, size-segregated concentrations, and the correlations of these acids with ambient temperatures, oxidants, elemental carbon (EC), OC, WSOC, and ionic components were also discussed in terms of their corresponding sources and possible secondary formation pathways. The results suggested that photochemical reactions contributed more to the formation of particulate organic acids in Saitama suburban areas than did direct emissions from anthropogenic and natural sources. However, direct emissions of vehicles were also important sources of several organic acids in particles, such as phthalic and adipic acids, especially in winter.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2019

The fragmentation statistics of ion trap CID (Collision-Induced Dissociation) spectra using 87,661 tandem mass spectra of doubly charged tryptic peptides are analyzed here. In contrast to the usual method of using intensity information, the frequency of occurrence of fragment ions, with respect to the position of the cleavage site and the residues at these sites is studied in this paper. The analysis shows that the frequency of occurrence of fragment ion peaks is more towards the middle of the peptide than its ends. It was noted that amino acid with an aromatic and basic side chain at N- & C- terminal end of the peptide stimulates more peaks at the lower end of the spectrum. The residue pair effect was shown when the amide bond occurs between acidic and basic residues. The fragmentation at these sites (D/E-H/R/K) stimulates the generation of the y-ion peak. Also, the cleavage site H-H/R/K stimulates the generation of b-ions. K-P environment in the peptide sequence has more tendency to generate y-ions than b-ions. Statistical analysis helps in the visualization of the CID fragmentation pattern. Cleavage pattern along the length of the peptide and the residue pair effects, enhance the knowledge of fragmentation behavior, which is useful for the better interpretation of tandem mass spectra.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2022

달 현지 탐사를 위해 무인 이동체가 활용되고 있으며, 달 지상 관심 지역의 지형 특성을 정확하게 파악하여 실시간으로 정보화 하는 작업이 요구된다. 하지만, 정확도 높은 지형/지물 객체 인식 및 영역 분할을 위해서는 다양한 배경조건의 영상 학습데이터가 필요하며 이러한 학습데이터를 구축하는 과정은 많은 인력과 시간이 요구된다. 특히 대상이 쉽게 접근하기 힘든 달이기에 실제 현지 영상의 확보 또한 한계가 있어, 사실에 기반하지만 유사도 높은 영상 데이터를 인위적으로 생성시킬 필요성이 대두된다. 본 연구에서는 가용한 중국의 달 탐사 Yutu 무인 이동체 및 미국의 Apollo 유인 착륙선에서 촬영한 영상을 통해 위치정보 기반 스타일 변환 기법(Style Transfer) 모델을 적용하여 실제 달 표면과 유사한 합성 영상을 인위적으로 생성하였다. 여기서, 유사 목적으로 활용될 수 있는 두 개의 공개 알고리즘(DPST, WCT2)를 구현하여 적용해 보았으며, 적용 결과를 시간적, 시각적 측면으로 비교하여 성능을 평가하였다. 평가 결과, 실험 이미지의 형태 정보를 보존하면서 시각적으로도 매우 사실적인 영상을 생성할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 향후 본 실험의 결과를 바탕으로 생성된 영상 데이터를 지형객체 자동 분류 및 인식을 위한 인공지능 학습용 영상 데이터로 추가 학습된다면 실제 달 표면 영상에서도 강인한 객체 인식 모델 구현이 가능할 것이라 판단된다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2011

원전 운영자는 계통 및 기기의 열화 등에 의해서 발생할 수 있는 비계획적 방사성물질의 방출로 인한 환경 및 주변 주민에의 영향을 합리적으로 달성 가능한 한 낮게 유지하기 위해서 비계획적 방출을 조기에 감지할 수 있는 부지에 적합한 지하수 감시 프로그램을 수립해야 하며, 이를 위해서는 해당 부지의 수문지질 특성의 파악을 통해 지하수 유동을 평가해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 고리 1호기에서 계획되고 있는 지하수 감시 프로그램에 필요한 자료를 제공하기 위해, 고리 1발전소 부지의 기존 수문지질 조사 및 관련 자료의 조사를 통해 부지 내 지하수 유동특성을 파악하고 이를 바탕으로 가상의 비계획적 방출에 의한 삼중수소의 오염운(汚染雲)의 거동을 모의하였다. 모의 결과 지하수의 주 유동 방향은 남서방향이었으며 지하수의 대부분이 남쪽 및 동쪽 바다로 유입되었다. 삼중수소 오염운 역시 바다로 향하였으나 지하집수조(dewatering sump)에 의해 그 속도가 지연되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2003

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) catalyzes disulfide bond exchange and assists in protein folding of newly synthesized proteins. PDI also functions as a molecular chaperone and has been found to be associated with proteins in the ER. In addition, PDI functions as a subunit of two more complex enzyme systems: the prolyl-4-hydroxylase and the triacylglycerol transfer proteins. A cDNA that encodes protein disulfide isomerase was previously isolated from Bombyx mori (bPDI), in which open reading frame of 494 amino acids contained two PDI-typical thioredoxin active site of WCGHCK and an ER retention signal of the KDEL motif at its C-terminal, and we report its functional characterization here. This putative bPDI cDNA is expressed in insect Sf9 cells as a recombinant proteins using baculovirus expression vector system. The bPDI recombinant proteins are successfully recognized by antirat PDI antibody, and shown to be biologically active in vitro by mediating the oxidative refolding of reduced and scrambled RNase. This suggests that bPDI may play an important role in protein folding mechanism of insects.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2021

The necessity of this study is as follows. A decrease in the number of newborns, an increase in the youth unemployment rate, and a decrease in the employment rate are having a fatal impact on universities. To help increase the employment rate of universities, we intend to utilize Big Data of university public information. Big data refers to the process of collecting and analyzing data, and includes all business processes of finding data, reprocessing information in an easy-to-understand manner, and selling information to people and institutions. Big data technology can be divided into technologies for storing, refining, analyzing, and predicting big data. The purpose of this study is to find the vision and special department of a university with a high employment rate by using big data technology. As a result of the study, big data was collected from 227 universities on www.academyinfo.go.kr site, We selected 130 meaningful universities and selected 25 universities with high employment rates and 25 universities with low employment rates. In conclusion, the university with a high employment rate can first be said to have a student-centered vision and university specialization. The reason is that, for universities with a high employment rate, the vision was to foster talents and specialize, whereas for universities with a low employment rate, regional bases took precedence. Second, universities with a high employment rate have a high interest in specialized departments. This is because, as a result of checking the presence or absence of a characterization plan, universities with a high employment rate were twice as high (21/7). Third, universities with high employment rates promote social needs and characterization. This is because the characteristic departments of universities with high employment rates are in the order of future technology and nursing and health, while universities with low employment rates promoted school-centered specialization in future technology and culture, tourism and art. In summary, universities with high employment rates showed high interest in student-centered vision and development of special departments for social needs.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2015

Molecular characterization technology in genetically modified organisms, in addition to how transgenic biotechnologies are developed now require full transparency to assess the risk to living modified and non-modified organisms. Next generation sequencing (NGS) methodology is suggested as an effective means in genome characterization and detection of transgenic insertion locations. In the present study, we applied NGS to insert transgenic loci, specifically the epidermal growth factor (EGF) in genetically modified rice cells. A total of 29.3 Gb (${\sim}72{\times}coverage$) was sequenced with a $2{\times}150bp$ paired end method by Illumina HiSeq2500, which was consecutively mapped to the rice genome and T-vector sequence. The compatible pairs of reads were successfully mapped to 10 loci on the rice chromosome and vector sequences were validated to the insertion location by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The EGF transgenic site was confirmed only on chromosome 4 by PCR. Results of this study demonstrated the success of NGS data to characterize the rice genome. Bioinformatics analyses must be developed in association with NGS data to identify highly accurate transgenic sites.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2004

Biosorption technology is recognized as an economically feasible alternative for the removal and/or recovery of metal ions from industrial wastewater sources. However, the structure of biosorbents is quite complex when compared with synthetic ion-exchange resins, which makes it difficult to quantify the ion-binding sites. Accordingly, this report describes a well-defined method to characterize the pK values and numbers of biomass functional groups from potentiometric titration data. When the proposed method was applied to Sargassum polycystum biomass as a model biosorbent, it was found that the biomass contained three types of functional groups. In addition, the carboxyl group (pK=$3.7{\pm}0.09$) was found to be the major binding sites ($2.57{\pm}0.06 mmol/g$) for positively-charged heavy-metal ions.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.154-157
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• 2007

The austenite phase observed in low carbon HSLA steels is well known to be decomposed to various bainitic microstructures, such as granular bainite, acicular ferrite and bainitic ferrite during continuous cooling process. These bainitic microstructures have been usually identified by using either scanning electron microscope (SEM) or transmission electron microscope (TEM). However, SEM and TEM images do no exactly coincide, because of the quite different sample preparation method in SEM and TEM observations. These conventional analysis method is, thus, not suitable for characterization of the complex bainitic microstructure. In this study, focused ion beam (FIB) technique was applied to make site-specific TEM specimens and to identify the 3-dimensional grain morphologies of the bainitic microstructure. The morphological feature and grain boundary characteristics of each bainitic microstructure were exactly identified.