• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2009

지진 발생시 교량 상판 연결부의 상대변위로 레일에 발생하는 부가응력으로 인한 레일의 좌굴과 파손은 열차의 탈선을 유발할 수 있다. 교량의 지진응답 증가에 영향을 미치는 지반의 탈선취약요소와 교량의 구조적인 요소를 고려하여 고속철도교량 장대레일의 지진응답을 평가하였다. 연약층이 있는 지반, 상하역전형 지반과 같은 지반 탈선취약요소를 고려하기 위해서 지반을 평행층상지반으로 모델링하여 부지효과가 고려된 자유장운동을 구하고 이를 입력지진으로 사용하였다. 교각 높이나 적용 도상을 변화시키면서 구조적 특성이 레일의 지진응답에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.301-309
• /
• 2016

Background: A contamination screening process for the local population in radiation emergencies is discussed. Materials and Methods: We present an overview of the relevant Korean governmental regulations that underpin the development of an effective response system. Moreover, case studies of foreign countries responding to mass casualties are presented, and indicate that responses should be able to handle a large demand for contamination screening of the local public as well as screening of the immediate victims of the incident. Results and Discussion: We propose operating procedures for an off-site contamination screening post operated by the local government for members of the public who have not been directly harmed in the accident. In order to devise screening categories, sorting strategies assessing contamination and exposure are discussed, as well as a psychological response system. Conclusion: This study will lead to the effective operation of contamination screening clinics if an accident occurs. Furthermore, the role of contamination screening clinics in the overall context of the radiation emergency treatment system should be clearly established.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.373-391
• /
• 2013

This is the first of two companion papers that analyse ten years of on-site monitoring data for the Confederation Bridge to determine the validity of the original wind speeds and wind loads predicted in 1994 when the bridge was being designed. The check of the original design values is warranted because the design wind speed at the middle of Northumberland Strait was derived from data collected at shore-based weather stations, and the design wind loads were based on tests of section and full-aeroelastic models in the wind tunnel. This first paper uses wind, tilt, and acceleration monitoring data to determine the static and dynamic responses of the bridge, which are then used in the second paper to derive the static and dynamic wind loads. It is shown that the design ten-minute mean wind speed with a 100-year return period is 1.5% less than the 1994 design value, and that the bridge has been subjected to this design event once on November 7, 2001. The dynamic characteristics of the instrumented spans of the bridge including frequencies, mode shapes and damping are in good agreement with published values reported by others. The on-site monitoring data show bridge response to be that of turbulent buffeting which is consistent with the response predicted at the design stage.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.175-184
• /
• 2014

Weirs are conventional structures that control water level and velocity in streams to facilitate water resource management. Despite many weirs built in streams, there is little information how weirs change hydrology regime and how that translates to sediment and phosphorus (P) responses. This study evaluated the influence of weirs on P retention and mobilization in an urban tributary of the Han River in Korea. Total P concentrations in sediments upstream of weirs were higher than the downstream site, mainly due to the increase of potentially available fractions (labile P and aluminum- and iron-bound P) (p < 0.05). Equilibrium phosphorus concentrations ($EPC_o$) were lower than soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations of stream waters, but there was an increasing trend of sediment $EPC_o$ upstream of weirs compared to the downstream site (p < 0.001) indicating a greater potential for P release upstream of weirs. Sediment core incubation showed that SRP release rates upstream of weirs were higher than the downstream site under anoxic conditions of the water column (p < 0.01), but not under oxic conditions. SRP release rates under anoxic conditions were greater than that measured under oxic conditions. Un-neutral pH and increased temperature could also enhance SRP release rates upstream of weirs. We conclude that weirs can increase P retention within stream sediments and potentially promote significant P releases into waters, which in turn cause eutrophication.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.167-182
• /
• 1997

The process of interpretation comprises the passage from blindness to pre-canonical responses, then the canonical interpretation and its dissemination. and finally silence and oblivion. But oblivion does not necessarily imply the conclusion of the interpretative process of work. A reinterpretation may follow. This study aims at searching the source of reinterpretation of Ronchamp Chapel. I analyzed the canonical interpretation. the site, function, and form of the chapel. I concluded that the contextualism, semiology, regionalism and other architectural conception may be the frame of reference for reinterpretation of Ronchamp Chapel.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제42권
• /
• pp.5.1-5.9
• /
• 2020

Immunomodulation is a technique for the modulation of immune responses against graft material to improve surgical success rates. The main target cell for the immunomodulation is a macrophage because it is the reaction site of the graft and controls the healing process. Macrophages can be classified into M1 and M2 types. Most immunomodulation techniques focus on the rapid differentiation of M2-type macrophage. An M2 inducer, 4-hexylresorcinol, has been recently identified and is used for bone grafts and dental implant coatings.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.384-389
• /
• 2012

Background Numerous procedures are available for nipple reconstruction without a single gold standard. This study presents a method for reducing donor-site morbidity in nipple reconstruction using a composite nipple graft after transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap breast reconstruction. Methods Thirty-five patients who underwent nipple reconstruction using a composite nipple graft technique between July of 2001 and December of 2009 were enrolled in this study. To reduce the donor site morbidity, the superior or superior-medial half dome harvesting technique was applied preserving the lateral cutaneous branch of the fourth intercostal nerves. The patients were asked to complete a previously validated survey to rate the color and projection of both nipples, along with the sensation and contractility of the donor nipple; and whether, in retrospect, they would undergo the procedure again. To compare projection, we performed a retrospective chart review of all the identifiable patients who underwent nipple reconstruction using the modified top hat flap technique by the same surgeon and during the same period. Results Thirty-five patients were identified who underwent nipple reconstruction using a composite nipple graft. Of those, 29 patients (82.9%) responded to the survey. Overall, we received favorable responses to the donor site morbidity. Projection at postoperative 6 months and 1 year was compared with the immediate postoperative results, as well as with the results of nipples reconstructed using the modified top hat flap. Conclusions The technique used to harvest donor tissue is important. Preserving innervation of the nipple while harvesting can reduce donor site morbidity.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제26권12호
• /
• pp.1838-1845
• /
• 2022

코로나19로 인해 대면으로 진행하는 현장 전시가 불가능한 상황이 지속되었다. 이를 계기로 가상현실/증강현실 등의 기술이 주목받고 있으며 많은 분야에서 이러한 기술들이 활용되고 있는데, 가장 신속히 비대면으로 전환된 분야 중 하나가 전시 예술 분야다. 이 연구에서는 가상현실 기술을 이용하여 가상 전시 공간을 제작하고 다양한 전시물을 가상으로 전시하는 가상 전시 콘텐츠를 제작하였다. 제작된 가상 전시는 동일한 내용의 전시물을 전시하는 현장 전시와 병행하여 개최되었다. 그리고 가상 전시는 HMD를 이용해 관객이 직접 체험해 볼 수 있는 기회도 제공하였다. 높은 현장감을 제공하기 위해 개방감 있게 가상 공간을 제작하였고, 사실적인 전시 구조와 같은 3D 객체와 텍스처를 이용하였다. 가상 전시 참여 관객들은 직접 참여하는 현장 전시와 유사한 체험을 할 수 있으며 동일한 전시 콘텐츠를 감상할 수 있다. 전시 이후에는 현장 전시와 가상 전시를 모두 참여한 관객에게 설문 조사하여 반응을 분석하였다. 설문 결과 가상전시의 유사성과 몰입감에 높은 점수를 부여하였다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 2007

With the development of information technology (IT), various information systems (IS) such as Web-based systems and mobile systems have appeared utilizing different technologies. However, recent studies on IS use and user satisfaction rarely account for technological differences among IS and environmental characteristics where IS are intended to be used. The purpose of this research is to investigate the determinants of the use of Web-based ticketing systems for cultural activities and to empirically validate their relationships. Environmental psychology suggests that human beings respond to external stimuli from environments with their emotions, and their emotional states influence human actions, e.g., IS use in this research. Applying environmental psychology to the use of Web-based systems in the culture and entertainment industry, we propose that web site characteristics first influence a user's internal state of mind (i.e., flow) and then the flow state influences the IS use. Studies related to the state of flow collectively affirm the key role played by the flow construct in shaping individual attitudes and behaviors toward IS. Users' flow states are captured by their shopping enjoyment, perceived behavioral control, and the level of concentration on the IS use. Referring to social presence theory, we have included such web site characteristics as content quality, context of web site, and community quality. In our research model, a second order construct is utilized to represent web site quality, because flow theory suggests that holistic experiences with web-based systems (rather than individual characteristics of the web site) are important in explaining the IS use. Further, we have included trust as another important factor influencing the IS use since business transactions on the web encompass higher uncertainty comparing to offline transactions. In order to test our hypotheses, we have conducted an online survey which results in 1,141 valid responses in the final sample. The data were collected from respondents who have experiences in Internet ticketing systems. Although it was a convenient sample, the sample represents a wide variety of user demographics. Validity and reliability of the research instrument were tested and research hypotheses were examined using PLS Graph 3.0. The results indicate that web site characteristics significantly influence the level of user concentration, user's enjoyment in shopping, and perceived behavioral control. Further, the use of Internet ticketing systems is influenced by users' flow states and trust in the web channel. User satisfaction is turned out to be affected by the use of Internet ticketing systems. Unlike extant research on the relationship between web site characteristics and its use, our study has found that, in the culture and entertainment industry, the impact of web site characteristics on IS use is mediated by a user's flow state. This finding has a practical implication that web site design should include as many features that enhance shopping enjoyment and concentration. Other practical implications of these findings and future research implications are also discussed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권7호
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2017

지진 발생시 도시 고도화에 따른 라이프라인 시설물의 피해가 증가하고 있다. 피해 예측을 위해 피해예측기술을 통한 라이프라인 시설물의 피해저감기술 분석이 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 라이프라인 시설물중 하수도관의 피해예측즉기술개발을 위한 일환으로서써 지진취약도 평가를 통해 지진발생시 구조물의 취약 정도를 확률론적으로 평가하였다. 실제 도시지역 지반의 응답을 도출하기 위해서 서울시 지역 158개의 시추공데이터와 7개의 실측지진파를 통해 부지응답해석을 수행하였고, 총 29822번의 시간이력해석을 통해 지진취약도를 도출하였다. 그리고 내구연한이 지난 하수도관 평가를 위해 황산염침식에 의한 강도 감소 연구결과를 적용하여 평가하였다. 결과적으로 대표단면 중 관경이 가장 작은 관 300과 800의 파괴확률 차이가 약 2배정도 차이가 나는 것을 확인하였고, 관경의 크기가 지진취약도 함수에 미치는 영향이 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 강도감소율이 커짐에 따라 지진하중에 대한 파괴확률이 최대 10배 이상 높아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 이용하여 하수도관의 피해 예측 및 대응방안에 대한 수단으로 활용될 수 있으며, 지하 시설물에 대한 내진설계에도 반영될 수 있을 것이다.