• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.188-200
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• 2001

Background and Objetive : Acupuncture is a valuable method of oriental medicine with broad application in many disease. It is based on the experiences of traditional oriental medicine as well as on experimentally proven biological (biochemical and neurophysiological) effects. Acupuncture theory has been explained by the meridian system that is thought to be linked with particular organs. However, in western medicine it is held that many disorders are either controlled or affected by the brain. Material and Method : In order to review the studies concerned with the mechanism related brain, we have referred to the Pubmed site and the Journal of Korean acupuncture and moxibustion Result and Conculsion : Among the 12 studies in the Journal of Korean acupuncture and moxibustion, 8 papers related neurotransmitters were done by experimental study, 4 papers related brain mapping were done by clinical study. Among the 8 studies related brain mapping in the Pubmed site, 6 clinical studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) were done and I clinical study using single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) was done, I paper was review article. By the above result, it would be needed further research on the acupuncture mechanism related brain using SPECT, fMRI, positron emission tomography(PET) etc.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.98-111
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• 2008

This review introduces advances in clinical and pre-clinical single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) providing noninvasive functional images of biological processes. Development of new collimation techniques such as multi-pinhole and slit-slat collimators permits the improvement of system spatial resolution and sensitivity of SPECT. Application specific SPECT systems using smaller and compact solid-state detector have been customized for myocardial perfusion imaging with higher performance. Combined SPECT/CT providing improved diagnostic and functional capabilities has been introduced. Advances in PET and CT instrumentation have been incorporated in the PET/CT design that provide the metabolic information from PET superimposed on the anatomic information from CT. Improvements in the sensitivity of PET have achieved by the fully 3D acquisition with no septa and the extension of axial field-of-view. With the development of faster scintillation crystals and electronics, time-of-flight (TOF) PET is now commercially available allowing the increase in the signal-to-noise ratio by incorporation of TOF information into the PET reconstruction process. Hybrid PET/SPECT/CT systems has become commercially available for molecular imaging in small animal models. The pre-clinical systems have improved spatial resolution using depth-of-interaction measurement and new collimators. The recent works on solid state detector and dual modality nuclear medicine instrumentations incorporating MRI and optical imagers will also be discussed.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1998

방사성 의약품 또는 방사성 동위원소를 이용하여 동적 상태의 변화를 측정하고 핵자기 공명 영상에서 해부학적 기준 정보를 얻어 영상을 융합, 등록하고 같은 대상에서 비슷한 검사를 계속해서 비교하게 되며 해부학적 기준 정보나 다른 검사 기기 종류에서 반복되는 검사의 비교를 위해 영상 합성 연구가 유효하며 기능적 특성 때문에 단일 광자 방출 전산화 단층 촬영과 양전자 방출 단층 촬영은 해부학적 기준 정보가 필요하게 되고 같은 대상에서 이러한 해부학적 기준 정보를 얻고 기능적인 이상과 상관관계를 찾아내고 반복되는 진단에 대한 비교를 위해서 영상등록과 융합을 시행하였다. 해부학적 구조가 같은 특성을 갖는 여러 영상 시스템들을 이용하여 해부학적기준과 동적 정보를 함께 얻고 등록하기 위해 짝을 이루는 점올 이용하여 2 가지 영상 데이터에서 4 점 쌍 이상을 선택하여 등록하였다. 기준 영상과 짝을 이루는 점과 대응한 영상은 다른 색을 선택하여 영상을 구분하였으며 핵자기 공명영상을 기준영상으로 하고 단일 광자 방출 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 영상, 양전자 방출 전산화 단층 촬영 영상을 기준영상에 1:1 대응하여 영상을 등록하기 위해서 변환한다. 핵자기 공명 영상이 기준 영상으로 사용되지만 인터폴레이션 에러는 주어진 영상의 공간 주파수에 따라 달라지므로 낮은 해상도를 갖는 양전자 방출 전산화 단층 촬영 영상과 단일 광자 방출 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 영상의 인터폴레이션 에러는 적다. 따라서 방사성 동위원소를 이용하여 질병의 진단 및 질환의 병태 생리 생화학적 연구를 통한 신체의 동역학적 상태의 변화를 측정할 수 있는 이런 정량적이고 기능적인 정보를 해부학적 기준 정보를 주는 핵자기 공명 영상이나 컴퓨터 단층 촬영에서 반복 시행하여 검사와 진단에 용이하게 이용하고, 비교를 위해서 영상을 등록하고 융합하여 진단에 보다 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있도록 하였다.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2017

Arbutin is a hydroquinone derivative with a glucose moiety. As a tyrosinase inhibitor, it is widely used as a skin-whitening cosmetic agent for the treatment of cutaneous hyperpigmentary disorders, such as melasma and freckles. In the medical field, many studies have addressed the use of arbutin in various tumors, but the mechanism for tumor uptake of arbutin is still unclear. In this paper, we radiolabeled arbutin using radioiodine and studied its pharmacokinetics and tumor uptake via biodistribution experiments and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Radiolabeled $^{131}I-arbutin$ was stable for up to 24 h in PBS and serum. Biodistribution studies and SPECT imaging indicated high uptake of the compound in the bladder and kidneys shortly after injection. Twenty-four hours post-injection, significant deiodination was observed. Apart from high thyroid uptake, selective tumor uptake was clearly observed. The tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-blood ratios were 26 and 9, respectively.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2004

Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of both planar and SPECT imagings by comparing the results with the clinical and other imaging modalities findings. Materials and Methods: A total of 578 joints with TMJ complaints were examined using planar scintigraphy and SPECT. The planar scintigraphy and SPECT findings were analyzed and compared to the clinical findings of pain, clicking, crepitus and limitation of mouth opening. Moreover we compared the accuracy of the planar scintigraphy and SPECT methods with the one of the panoramic, transcranial, tomographic and MR imaging methods. Results: The planar scintigraphy and SPECT methods showed a high sensitivity of 0.76-0.84 and low specificity of 0.25-0.45 toward the clinical findings: pain, clicking, crepitus and mouth opening restriction. Simple radionuclide uptake ratio was high in each group of patients with pain, crepitus, limitation of mouth opening (p < 0.05) complaints, in each group with positive bone changes on panoramic, transcranial or tomographic images, and in disc displaced group. Conclusion: Although both planar and SPECT imagings have limited specificity, these techniques are sensitive for detection of internal derangement of the TMJ.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2011

We present a case of tacrolimus-induced encephalopathy after successful kidney transplantation. An 11-year-old girl presented with sudden onset of neurologic symptoms, hypertension, and psychiatric symptoms, with normal kidney function, after kidney transplantation. The symptoms improved after cessation of tacrolimus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed acute infarction of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory in the right frontal lobe. Three days later, she had normal mental function and maintained normal blood pressure with left hemiparesis. Follow-up MRI was performed on D19, showing new infarct lesions at both cerebral hemispheres. Ten days later, MRI showed further improvement, but brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed mild reduction of uptake in both the anterior cingulate gyrus and the left thalamus. One month after onset of symptoms, angiography showed complete resolution of stenosis. However, presenting as a mild fine motor disability of both hands and mild dysarthria, what had been atrophy at both centrum semiovale at 4 months now showed progression to encephalomalacia. There are two points of interest in this case. First, encephalopathy occurred after administration of tacrolimus and improved after discontinuation of the drug. Second, the development of right-side hemiplegia could not be explained by conventional MRI; but through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) of white matter tract, visualization was possible.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2010

Kasabach-Merritt 증후군은 거대한 혈관종에 의해 혈소판이 소모되어 감소되는 드문 질환이다. 저자들은 재태주령 32주 미숙아에서 설명되지 않은 복수와 혈소판 감소증의 원인을 찾기 위해 시험적 개복술을 시행하여 장 혈관종을 발견하였으나 광범위하여 수술적 제거를 하지 못하고, SPECT로 확인 후 스테로이드 치료로 혈소판 감소증이 호전된 1례를 경험하였다. 따라서 다른 원인에 의해 설명되지 않는 혈소판 감소증과 파종성 혈관내 응고병증이 있으면 내부 장기의 혈관종을 의심해 볼 필요가 있다고 사료되었다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.207-218
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• 2003

Myocardial perfusion imaging has been increasingly used to provide prognostic data and guidance on the choice of appropriate management of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. The electrocardiogram gated myocardial SPECT program is corning into wide use with an advent of $^{99m}Tc-labeled$ tracers and an improvement of SPECT machines. The gated technique permits measurement of important cardiac prognostic indicators without any further discomforts or radiation burden in patients underwent standard myocardial perfusion SPECT. In addition, gated study significantly improves diagnostic yield by reducing the number of borderline interpretations and could find myocardial stunning and viable myocardium. Gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging allows the automated calculation of end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, ejection fraction, myocardial mass and the assessment of regional wall motion and thickening, and it have dramatically improved assessment of coronary artery disease in routine nuclear practice. This allows the simultaneous assessment of both perfusion and function within the same acquisition, and serves as a cost-effective technique for providing more diagnostic data with fewer diagnostic tests. Because the diagnostic and prognostic power derived from knowledge of left ventricular function can be added to that provided by assessing myocardial perfusion, gated SPECT imaging has rapidly gained widespread acceptance and is now used on a routine clinical basis in a growing number of laboratories, including South Korea. The gated SPECT technique for measurement of left ventricular parameters has been validated against a variety of well established techniques. In this work, overview of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT focus on functional parameters is presented.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.594-600
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• 2019

With improving survival of children with complex congenital heart disease (CCHD), postoperative complications, like protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) are increasingly encountered. A 3-year-old girl with surgically corrected CCHD (ventricular inversion/L-transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary atresia, postdouble switch procedure [Rastelli and Glenn]) developed chylothoraces. She was treated with pleurodesis, thoracic duct ligation and subsequently developed chylous ascites and PLE (serum albumin ${\leq}0.9g/dL$) and was malnourished, despite nutritional rehabilitation. Lymphangioscintigraphy/single-photon emission computed tomography showed lymphatic obstruction at the cisterna chyli level. A segmental chyle leak and chylous lymphangiectasia were confirmed by gastrointestinal endoscopy, magnetic resonance (MR) enterography, and MR lymphangiography. Selective glue embolization of leaking intestinal lymphatic trunks led to prompt reversal of PLE. Serum albumin level and weight gain markedly improved and have been maintained for over 3 years. Selective interventional embolization reversed this devastating lymphatic complication of surgically corrected CCHD.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권9호
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• pp.334-339
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• 2019

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis in infants and young children. However, its natural history has not been fully elucidated because the first case was reported in the late 1960s and patients who have recovered are just now entering middle age. Nevertheless, much evidence has raised concerns regarding the subclinical vascular changes that occur in post-KD patients. KD research has focused on coronary artery aneurysms because they are directly associated with fatality. However, aneurysms have been reported in other extracardiac muscular arteries and their fate seems to resemble that of coronary artery aneurysms. Arterial strokes in KD cases are rarely reported. Asymptomatic ischemic lesions were observed in a prospective study of brain vascular lesions in KD patients with coronary artery aneurysms. The findings of a study of single-photon emission computed tomography suggested that asymptomatic cerebral vasculitis is more common than we believed. Some authors assumed that the need to consider the possibility of brain vascular lesions in severe cases of KD regardless of presence or absence of neurological symptoms. These findings suggest that KD is related with cerebrovascular lesions in children and young adults. Considering the fatal consequences of cerebral vascular involvement in KD patients, increased attention is required. Here we review our understanding of brain vascular involvement in KD.