• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.1835-1844
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• 2022

Single-orifice plate is wildly utilized in the piping system of the nuclear power plant to throttle and depressurize the fluid of the pipeline. The cavitation induced by the single-orifice plate may cause some serious vibration of the pipeline. This study aims to find the optimal designs of the single-orifice plates that may have weak cavitation possibilities. For this purpose, a new single-orifice plate with a convergent-flat-divergent hole was modeled, a multi-objective optimization method was proposed to optimize the shape of a single-orifice plate, while computational fluid dynamics method was adopted to obtain the fluid physical quantities. The reciprocal cavitation number and the developmental integral were treated as cavitation indexes (e.g., objectives for the optimization algorithm). Two non-dominant designs ultimately achieved illustrated obvious reduction in the cavitation indexes at a Reynolds number Re = 1 ×10⁵ defined based on fluid velocity. Besides, the sensitivity analysis and temperature effects were also performed. The results indicated that the convergent angle of the single-orifice plate dominants the cavitation behavior globally. The optimal designs of single-orifice plates result in lower downstream jet areas and lower upstream pressure. For a constant Reynolds number, the higher temperature of liquid water, the easier it is to undergo cavitation. Whereas there is a diametric phenomenon for a constant fluid velocity. Moreover, the regression models were carried out to establish the mathematical relation between temperature and cavitation indexes.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.318-323
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• 2019

Paper focuses on comparison between two different orifice plate configurations (plate number 1 and plate number 2) used as cavitating device in the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor for improving pollutant removal efficiencies. Effect of four different parameters such as hydraulic characteristics (in terms of range of flow rates, orifice velocities, cavitation number at different inlet pressures); cavitation number (in range of 5.76-0.35 for plate number 1 and 1.20-0.35 for plate number 2); inlet pressure (2-8 bars) and reaction time (0 to 60 min) in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and chlorpyrifos degradation has been studied and compared. Optimum inlet pressure of 5 bars exists for degradation of pollutants for both the plates. It is found that geometry of orifice plate plays important role in removal efficiencies of pollutant. Results obtained confirmed that orifice plate 1 with configuration of 1.5 mm 17 holes; cavitational number of 1.54 performed better with around 60% COD and 98% chlorpyrifos removal as compared to orifice plate 2 having configuration of 2 mm single hole; cavitational number of 0.53 with 40% COD and 96% chlorpyrifos in 2 h duration time.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.619-629
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• 1998

An experimental work was conducted to investigate a feasibility of simultaneous measurement of gas-liquid two-phase flowrates with double orifice plates using air and water. The tests were carried out under the atmospheric pressure and at the ambient temperature using two different tube sizes. Qualities of an air-water flow in the present study have values less than 0.1 and thus the mixed flow showed bubbly, plug, slug flow regimes. The probability density function (PDF) and the power spectral density function (PSDF) of the instantaneous pressure drop traces for the flow regimes were obtained. It is found that some distinctive features exist in the distribution of these functions, depending upon the two-phase flow pattern. The time-averaged value of the instantaneous pressure drop increases with increasing gas and liquid flowrates, showing a single-valued function for the total mass flowrate and the quality. It is also found that the two-phase discharge coefficient exhibits a consistent trend for variation of dimensionless parameters such as the superficial velocity ratio and the gas Reynolds number. The results indicate that simultaneous measurement of two-phase flowrate may be possible based upon a statistical analysis of the instantaneous pressure drop curves monitored using double orifice plates.