• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.271-274
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• 2002

This paper is investigated construction of the Scramjet test facility and test method of Scramjet engine combustor model. Scramiet engine combustor model test was performed at Lab C-16BK CIAM (Central Institute of Aviation Motors) at Tyraevo in Moscow. The velocity of flow in the combustion chamber equal to Mach number 2.49 with single hole fuel spray nozzle injector and test duration equal to 7 seconds. Therefore In this paper is showed high altitude test method of Scramjet combustor model and the proper structure of combustor with single hole fuel spray nozzle.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2005

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has been used as motor fuel due to its low emissions and low cost. A liquid direct injection system into a cylinder was suggested as a next generation system to maximize a fuel economy as well as a power. This study addresses the analysis of the LPG spray injecting from single hole injector. Two different test conditions are given, which are a fully developed spray case with various injection pressures and a developing spray case with ambient pressure variation. The LPG spray photographs are compared with the sprays of gasoline and diesel fuel at the same conditions, and the spray angles and penetration lengths are also compared, and then the spray behavior is analyzed. The LPG spray photos show that the dispersion characteristic depends very sensitively on the ambient pressure soon after injection. The spray angle is very wide in a low ambient pressure condition until the saturated pressure, but the angle is quickly reduced at the condition over the pressure. However, the down stream of the LPG spray shows much wider dispersion and less penetration than those of gasoline and diesel sprays regardless ambient pressure condition.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.49.1-49.1
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• 2011

Utilizing single-epoch spectra and the empirical relation between the size of the broad-line region and AGN continuum luminosity, the so-called single-epoch method has been widely used for estimating AGN black hole masses. However, the systematic uncertainties and the potential biases of this method are not well examined. Taking the full advantage of the high-quality homogeneous spectra from the Lick AGN Monitoring Project (LAMP), we investigate in detail the uncertainties of single-epoch mass estimates by comparing with the reverberation-mapping results. We find that the uncertainty due to AGN variability is less than 0.1 dex, while there is a systematic offset between single-epoch masses and reverberation masses. Particularly, narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies show that the Hbeta line widths measured from single-epoch (or mean) spectra are systematically larger than those from rms spectra, indicating a potential bias of single-epoch masses. We will present the detailed measurement method, the test of virial assumption, and the systematic uncertainties.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.983-1001
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• 2015

This study focuses on the load carrying capacity and the force transfer mechanism of multi-hole perfobond shear connectors in steel-concrete composite structure. The behavior of multi-hole perfobond shear connector is more complicated than single-hole connector cases. 2 groups push-out tests were conducted. Based on the test results, behavior of the connection was analyzed and the failure mechanism was identified. Simplified iterative method and analytic solution were proposed based on force equilibrium for analyzing multi-hole perfobond shear connector performance. Finally, the sensitivity of design parameters of multi-hole perfobond shear connector was investigated. The results of this research showed that shear force distribution curve of multi-hole perfobond shear connector is near catenary. Shear forces distribution were determined by stiffness ratio of steel to concrete member, stiffness ratio of shear connector to steel member, and number of row. Efficiency coefficient was proposed to should be taking into account in different limit state.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2009

This paper present the diesel fuel spray evolution and atomization performance in a multi-hole nozzle in terms of injection rate, spray evolutions, and mean diameter and velocity of droplets in a compression ignition engine. In order to study the effect of split injection on the diesel fuel spray and atomization characteristic in a multi-hole nozzle, the test nozzle that has two-row small orifice with 0.2 mm interval was used. The time based fuel injection rate characteristics was analyzed from the pressure variation generated in a measuring tube. The spray characteristics of a multi-hole nozzle were visualized and measured by spray visualization system and phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) system. It was revealed that the total injected fuel quantities of split injection are smaller than those of single injection condition. In case of injection rate characteristics, the split injection is a little lower than single injection and the peak value of second injection rate is lower than single injection. The spray velocity of split injection is also lower because of short energizing duration and small injection mass. It can not observe the improvement of droplet atomization due to the split injection, however, it enhances the droplet distributions at the early stage of fuel injection.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.675-687
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• 2018

In the previous studies on the porous rock strength the effect of pore number and its diameter is not explicitly defined. In this paper crack initiation, propagation and coalescence in Brazilian model disc containing a single cylindrical hole and or multiple holes have been studied numerically using PFC3D. In model with internal hole, the ratio of hole diameter to model diameter was varied between 0.03, 0.17, 0.25, 0.33, and 0.42. In model with multiple hole number of holes was different in various model, i.e., one hole, two holes, three holes, four holes, five holes, six holes, seven holes, eight holes and nine holes. Diameter of these holes was 5 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm. The pre-holed Brazilian discs are numerically tested under Brazilian test. The breakage load in the ring type disc specimens containing an internal hole with varying diameters is measured. The mechanism of cracks propagation in the wall of the ring type specimens is also studied. In the case of multi-hole Brazilian disc, the cracks propagation and b cracks coalescence are also investigated. The results shows that breaking of the pre-holed disc specimens is due to the propagation of radially induced tensile cracks initiated from the surface of the central hole and propagating toward the direction of diametrical loading. In the case of disc specimens with multiple holes, the cracks propagation and cracks coalescence may occur simultaneously in the breaking process of model under diametrical compressive loading. Finally the results shows that the failure stress and crack initiation stress decreases by increasing the hole diameter. Also, the failure stress decreases by increasing the number of hole which mobilized in failure. The results of these simulations were comprised with other experimental and numerical test results. It has been shown that the numerical and experimental results are in good agreement with each other.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2006

기존의 전통적인 회귀분석 기반 교정방법에 비해 높은 교정정밀도를 얻을 수 있는 5-hole pressure probe의 교정방안을 연구하였다. 이 새로운 교정기법은 교정시험으로부터 획득한 데이터와 곡선적합 결과간의 차이를 이용하여 산정한 단일 영역에 대한 오차보간 반응곡면을 사용한다. 끝단의 직경이 4.0 mm인 5-hole probe를 자체 제작하고, 레이놀즈수$4.11{\times}10^6$/m와 흐름각 ${\pm}48$에서 교정시험을 수행하였다. 최소자승 회귀분석모델과 단일영역 오차보간 모델을 적용하여 자료처리를 수행하고 이들 두 교정방안에 대한 비교평가와 분석을 수행하였으며, 아울러 교정 정밀도에 대한 평가도 수행하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2007

일반적으로 균열암반 매질은 수리전도도 혹은 그 난수장이나(연속체 모형), 투수성 균열의 공간적 통계적 분포(불연속균열망 모형)를 이용하여 표현할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 잘 알려진 균열암반매질의 개념 모형의 실질적 적용성을 검토하기 위하여 충청남도 금산군 남이면 남이자연휴양림 내 한국지질자원연구원 시험부지 내에서 다양한 현장 수리 시험을 적용하고, 그 결과를 비교검토하였다. 본 지역에서 투수성 구간의 수리전도도 값은 $7.67{\times}10^{-10}{\sim}3.16{\times}10^{-6}$ m/sec이며, 산술평균은 $7.70{\times}10^{-7}$ m/sec, 기하평균은 $2.16{\times}10^{-7}$ m/sec이다. 단공 패커 시험의 경우 총 8개의 공에서 총 110개 구간에 대한 시험을 수행하였다. 이 시험 구간 중 불투수성 구간은 총 9개, $1.0{\times}10^{-8}$ m/sec 이하의 수리전도도를 가지는 저투수성 구간은 총 14개로 전반적으로는 투수성이 양호한 것으로 확인되었다. 단공 패커시험을 통해 나타난 수리전도도의 수직적 분포는 단공 유향 유속 시험 결과와 비교적 잘 부합하는 양상으로 나타나고 있다. 하지만, 공간 수리시험의 결과는 전반적으로 투수성이 양호하다는 단공 시험 결과와는 다소 다른 양상을 보인다. 공간시험의 결과는 투수성보다는 연결성을 포함한 균열암반 매질의 투수성/불투수성의 이진법적 특성에 의해 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 균열암반 매질에서의 지하수 유동에 대한 개념 모형의 현실적이고 합리적인 설정을 위해서는 투수성/불투수성의 이진법적 특성에 대해 어떻게 규명할 것인가에 대한 조사방법과 해석방법에 대한 지속적인 연구가 요구된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2003

화약폭발로 발생한 응력파 전파특성을 파악하기 위하여 화약종류, 장약조건, 전파매질조건 별로 실내 모형시험 및 현장 암반시험과 수치해석을 시행하였다. 수치해석은 시험조건과 동일한 조건을 모델링하여 시행하였다. 2공을 동시 발파하는 경우에 2공 중심에서 응력크기는 1공 발파보다 2배정도로 증가되었다. 최대응력 도달시간은 디커플링장전조건이 밀장전조건보다 2배정도 지연되어서 가스압력에 의해 최대 응력이 발생하였다. 시험결과와 수치해석결과를 비교.분석한 결과 수치해석결과가 시험결과보다 약간 저평가되었지만 비교적 유사하여 수치해석으로 발파결과를 미리 예측할 수 있었다. 도로터널의 일반적인 발파패턴도에 대하여 수치해석을 시행하고 외곽공과 외곽공과 인접한 확대공 발파로 인하여 발생하는 동적 암반거동 및 암반손상을 평가하였다. 수치해석결과 확대공의 손상영역이 외곽공보다 크게 나타났다. 확대공 손상영역을 감소시키기 위하여 낮은 밀도의 화약사용, 디커플링장전, 확대공과 외곽공사이의 거리 증가 등의 방안을 제안하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.365-376
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• 2002

An experimental study has been conducted to measure the local film-cooling effectiveness and the heat transfer coefficient for a single row of rectangular-shaped holes. four different cooling hole shapes such ai a straight rectangular hole, a rectangular hole with laterally expanded exit, a circular hole and a two-dimensional slot are tested. A technique using thermochromic liquid crystals determine adiabatic film cooling effectiveness values and heat transfer coefficients on the test surface. Both film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient are measured for various blowing rates and compared with the results of the cylindrical ho1es and the two-dimensional slot. The flow patterns downstream of holes are calculated numerically using a cummercial package. The results show that the rectangular hopes provide better peformance than the cylindrical holes. For the rectangular holes with expanded exit, the penetration is reduced significantly, and the higher and more uniform cooling Peformance is obtained even at relatively high blowing rates.