• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.308-316
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the situation of ICT apply to plastic greenhouse, and the results be apply to design of new one. A CFD analysis were conducted to monitering the ventilation and energy saving of the single span greenhouse newly designed. The causes of delay to apply ICT to plastic greenhouse are the high cost for installation(24%), insufficiency of after services(19%), often disorder(16%), unskillful management of soft ware(15%), insufficient ICT efficiency(13%) and unsatisfying of income increase(12%). The parts of problem occurred in ICT plastic greenhouse are the structure, actuator, environmental control system and sensor(approximate 14%, respectively), remote control technique(13%), plant management technique(12%), energy saving technique(10%) and utilization of software(8%). In the condition of lateral window closed, the average wind speed changed to slow, but it was faster in the condition of leeward side window opened than in the condition of lee and winward side window opened. The air movement in the condition of lateral window closed occur by air moving fan not by out air. It is not affect the room temperature but effective the uniformity of room temperature. The average temperature of low height greenhouse was uniform than high height one. The average temperature in condition of 3rd curtain opened become same with outside temperature after 2 hours, but take more 5 hours in condition of 3rd curtain closed.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2014

Cation exchange membrane (Nafion) was modified to reduce the vanadium ion permeation through the membrane and to increase the vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) system performance by coating the graphene oxide (GO) which has nano-plate like morphology. Modified membrane properties were studied by measuring the ion exchange capacity (I.E.C), water uptake and proton conductivity. The thickness of the coated layer on the surface of the Nafion membrane was observed as $0.93{\mu}m$ by SEM. Proton conductivity and vanadium ion permeability of the modified membrane were decreased to 27% and 25% compared to that of the commercial Nafion membrane respectively. VRB single cell performance test was performed to compare the system performance of the VRB applied with commercial Nafion membrane and modified membrane. VRB system applied with modified membrane showed higher coulombic efficiency and energy efficiency than the VRB system applied with the commercial Nafion membrane due to the reduction of the vanadium ion permeation. From these result, we could suggest that the membrane modification by coating the GO on the surface of the Nafion membrane could be one of the promising strategies to reduce the vanadium ion permeation and to increase the VRB system performance effectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.384-391
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• 2012

In this paper, reinforced concrete structures are modeled and analyzed. Reinforced concrete has been an essential element in the construction and one that is provided for shielding effectiveness at particular frequencies by rebar placed as a set up in the form of a grid. Using commercial 3-dimensional electromagnetic(3D EM) tool to analyze the reinforced concrete structure, the procedure of analysis for reinforced concrete is computed by dividing concrete, rebar and entire reinforced concrete. The spacing of rebar is bigger, transmission coefficient is higher and the diameter of rebar is bigger, transmission coefficient is lower. Also, in case of two layers is analyzed by gap of layers. Using single layer rebar that thickness of rebar given by 10, 20 and 30 mm have transmission coefficient of -1.89, -2.73 and -4.76 dB/10 cm at 500 MHz. Also, two layers rebar obtain -1.89, -2.73 and -4.76 dB/10 cm for same conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.421-431
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• 2017

A process-centric simulation modeling method has been proposed to define a shipbuilding simulation model. Existing modeling methods have limitations for expressing various production information for a shipyard. The advanced process-centric modeling method proposed in this paper offers an improvement, effectively representing production information and constraints for a shipyard. To achieve this, a method and diagram components to define a process-centric simulation model in detail have been suggested. The modeling method can assign priorities when multiple products and facilities are assigned to the process. And layer concept was applied to express simulation model with hierarchical structure. To verify the effectiveness of the modeling method, comparative analysis has been performed and the actual shipbuilding process has been modeled using the proposed method. When a single facility was used for various purposes, we found that the proposed method was more advantageous than existing methods. As a result, it was possible to express constraints and flows that were difficult to identify with existing process-centric simulation modeling methods, and the methods were improved for use in shipyard production planning verification simulations.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.593-602
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• 2014

One of the purposes of an artificial neural netowrk(ANNet) is to implement the largest number of functions as possible with the smallest number of nodes and layers. This paper presents a CoreNet which has a multi-leveled input value and a multi-leveled output value with a 2-layered ANNet, which is the basic structure of an ANNet. I have suggested an equation for calculating the capacity of the CoreNet, which has a p-leveled input and a q-leveled output, as $a_{p,q}={\frac{1}{2}}p(p-1)q^2-{\frac{1}{2}}(p-2)(3p-1)q+(p-1)(p-2)$. I've applied this CoreNet into the simulation model 1(5)-1(6), which has 5 levels of an input and 6 levels of an output with no hidden layers. The simulation result of this model gives, the maximum 219 convergences for the number of implementable functions using the cot(${\sqrt{x}}$) input leveling method. I have also shown that, the 27 functions are implementable by the calculation of weight values(w, ${\theta}$) with the multi-threshold lines in the weight space, which are diverged in the simulation results. Therefore the 246 functions are implementable in the 1(5)-1(6) model, and this coincides with the value from the above eqution $a_{5,6}(=246)$. I also show the implementable function numbering method in the weight space.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.247-251
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• 2001

;A dental developmental anomaly is defined as an isolated aberration in tooth form, caused by a disturbance or abnormality which occurred during tooth development. There are numerous types of dental anomalies, and a considerable variation in the extent of the defects occurs with each type. Teeth with these anomalies pose unique challenges. Since the defects are not always apparent clinically, they can confuse diagnosticians investigating the etiology of pulpal pathosis. When endodontic treatment is required, the defects often hinder access cavity preparation and canal instrumentation. Treatment planning also becomes more challenging, since the defects can create complicated periodontal problems, and the malformed teeth can be difficult to restore, particularly those weakened by endodontic therapy. Fusion is defined as the joining of two developing tooth germs resulting in a single large tooth structure. The incidence of fusion is < 1% in the Caucasian population, and it is believed that physical force or pressure produces contact of the developing teeth. Clinically and radiographically, a fused tooth usually appears as one large crown with at least partially separated roots and root canals. There may be a vertical groove in the tooth crown delineating the originally separate crowns. Dens invaginatus is a deep surface invagination of the crown or root that is lined by enamel. Teeth in both maxillary and mandibular arches may be affected, but the permanent maxillary lateral incisor is the tooth most commonly involved. Studies have revealed an incidence ranging from 0.25% to as high as 10%. The invagination ranges from a slight pitting to an anomaly occupying most of the crown and root. The invagination frequently communicates with the oral cavity, allowing the entry of irritants and microorganism either directly into pulpal tissues or into an area that is deparated from pulpal tissues by only a thin layer of enamel and dentin. This continuous ingress of irritants and the subsequent inflammation usually lead to necrosis of the adjacent pulp tissue and then to periapical or periodontal abscesses. If the invagination extends from the crown to the periradicular tissue and has no communication with the root canal system, the pulp may remain vital. Recommended treatment of fused tooth and dens invaginatus has been reported in the endodontic literature. This case report describes the endodontic treatment of a maxillary laterl incisors having fused crown and dens invaginatus.natus.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.716-722
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• 2017

In this paper, a fully printed NFC tag operating at 13.56 MHz was designed and fabricated using silver nano-paste and carbon ink. The proposed NFC tag has a printed coil with an inductance of $2.74{\mu}H$ on a PI film for application to an NFC tag IC with an internal capacitance of 50 pF. Screen printing technology used in this paper has advantages such as large area printing for mass production, low cost and eco-friendly process compared to conventional PCB manufacturing process. The proposed structure consists of a circular coil implemented as a single layer using silver nano-paste and carbon ink, a jumper pattern for chip mounting between the outer edge and the center of the coil, and an insulation pattern between the coil and the jumper pattern. In order to verify the performance of the proposed NFC tag, we performed the measurements of the printing line width, thickness, line resistance, adhesion and environmental reliability, and confirmed the suitability of the NFC tag based on the full-printed manufacturing method.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.261-276
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• 2010

The analysis of an art trend in the principle dimension starts by observing the object of work in the perspective of formative composition and recognizing it as a universal system. It can be said that it is consistent with an interpretation method for a form theory of formal history by Heinrich W$\ddot{o}$lfflin, a leading form critic in art criticism. Hence, the purpose of this study was to find out what are the formative principles in Renaissance Classicism as a design principle to be applicable to modern fashion by reviewing the formative characteristics of Renaissance Classicism Architecture with which W$\ddot{o}$lfflin directly dealt. As for the theoretical literature review, I used W$\ddot{o}$lfflin's theoretical framework and looked at the Renaissance Classicism Architecture that he studied and examined the possibility of utilizing his theory as a layout principle and the characteristics. As for analysis of design cases, I applied the aforementioned architecture layout principle to modern fashion and conducted case study analysis to delve into distinctive layout principles found in fashion. The study showed that the Renaissance Classicism Architectural Style is marked by linearity, planarity, closing and multiple unity: linearity was expressed in the observation form in fixed frontal view and an emphasis on a tangible silhouette homeogenous and definite line structures; planarity was achieved in the form of paralleled layers of frontal view element, planarity style, and identical and proportional repetition of various sizes.; closing signified the pursuit of complete and clear regularity, and architecture developed in a constructive phase through organizational inevitability and absolute invariability.; multiple unity was expressed in self-completedness and independent parallel of discrete forms and harmony of emphasized individual elements in a totality. Applying these layout characteristics of the Renaissance Classicism Architectural style and to see their individual expressive features, I found out that in adopting layout principles of the Renaissance Classicism Architecture to modern fashion, it turned out to be an emphasis of individual silhouettes, a flattened space, completed objects, organic harmony among independent parts: the emphasis of individual silhouettes was expressed in individual definitiveness of formative lines of clothes in accordance with body joints and an emphasis on formative lines of clothes; the flattened space was marked by single layer structure, planarity of elements of clothes, and listing arrangement by appropriate proportion.; the completedness of the objects was expressed by the stationary state where overall image is fixed, the construction of homogeneous and complete space, and absolute inevitability of internal layout in proportion; lastly, organic harmony of independent parts was stressed in independent completedness of each detail, and organic harmony of the whole. The expressive features would lead to a unique expression style of linear emphasis, proportion, constructive forms, and two-dimensional arrangement. The meaning of this study is follows: The characteristics of art school of thought are given shape by appling & analysing the architectural layout principles of historical art school of thought to modern fashion in the view point of formal construction dimension. The applied possibility of historical art school of thought as the source of inspiration about the fashion design is extended.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1185-1189
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• 2005

Two new copper vanadium borophosphate compounds, $(NH_4)(C_2H_{10}N_2)_{5.5}[Cu(C_2H_8N_2)_2]_3[V_2P_2BO_{12}]_6{\cdot}17H_2O,\;Cu-VBPO1\;and\;(NH_4)(C_2H_{10}N_2)_{3.5}[Cu(C_2H_8N_2)_2]_5[V_2P_2BO_{12}]_6{\cdot}18H_2O$, Cu-VBPO2 have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The structure of Cu-VBPO1 contains a layer anion, {$[Cu(C_2H_8N_2)_2]_3[V_2P_2BO_{12}]_6$}$^{12-}$, whereas Cu-VBPO2 has an open framework anion, {$[Cu(C_2H_8N_2)_2]_5[V_2P_2BO_{12}]_6$}$^{8-}$. Crystal Data: $(NH_4)(C_2H_{10}N_2)_{5.5}[Cu(C_2H_8N_2)_2]_3[V_2P_2BO_{12}]_6{\cdot}17H_2O$, monoclinic, space group I2/m (no. 12), $\alpha$ = 15.809(1) $\AA$, b = 31.107(2) $\AA$, c = 12.9343(8) $\AA$, $\beta$ = 104.325(1)$^{\circ}$, Z = 2; $(NH_4)(C_2H_{10}N_2)_{3.5}[Cu(C_2H_8N_2)_2]_5[V_2P_2BO_{12}]_6{\cdot}18H_2O$, tetragonal, space group $P4_2$/mnm (no.136), $\alpha$ = 26.832(1) $\AA$, c = 18.021(1) $\AA$, Z = 4.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.300-307
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• 1998

The $Co_{90}Fe_{10}$ single layer films were deposited on various substrates (glass, Si, polymide) using high vacuum RF magnetron sputtering system and nominall 1000 $\AA$ thick $Co_{90}Fe_{10}$ alloy films had a good high frequency characteristic. $M_S$ and $H_{an}$ values obtained from the B-H characteristic of the $10{\times}[100 nm \;Co_{90}Fe_{10}/100 nm\; SiO_2]$ multilayers agreed well with those obtained by calculation. Complex relative permeability $(={\{\mu}_r={\mu}_r',-j{\mu}$\mu$_r")$ at frequency f was measured from the transmission characteristics $(S_{11},\; S_{21}\;parameters)$ of the microstrip line which has a stacked structure consisting of sample magnetic films and a conductor and is connected to a network analyzer. The ${\mu}_r'-f$ characteristic was abtained from the megnetic absorption, which was analyzed from the S-parameter characteristics of the microstrip line. The ${\mu}_r'-f$ characteristic was also calculated from the ${\mu}_r"-f$-f characteristic using the Kramers-Kronig relation. The measurement results were confirmed to agree well with those obtained by calculations.culations.