• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2018

This paper studied the probability of pounding occurred between decks and abutments of a long span high-pier continuous rigid fame bridge subjected to ground motions with local soil effect. A pounding probability analysis methodology has been proposed using peak acceleration at bedrock as intensity measure (IM) for multi-support seismic analysis. The bridge nonlinear finite element (FE) models was built with four different separation distances. Effect of actual site condition and non-uniform spatial soil profiles on seismic wave propagating from bedrock to ground surface is modelled. Pounding probability of the high-pier bridge under multi-support seismic excitations (MSSE) is analyzed based on the nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis (n-IDA). Pounding probability results under uniform excitations (UE) without actual local site effect are compared with that under MSSE with site effect. The study indicates that the required design separation length between deck and abutment under uniform excitations is larger than that under MSSE as the peak acceleration at bedrock increases. As the increase of both separation distance between deck and abutment and the peak acceleration, the probability of pounding occurred at a single abutment or at two abutments simultaneously under MSSE is less than that under UE. It is of great significance considering actual local site effect for determining the separation distance between deck and abutment through the probability pounding analysis of the high-pier bridge under MSSE.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제13권2E호
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• pp.58-67
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• 1994

HMM을 이용한 알고리즘은 대용량 음성인식 시스템을 비롯하여 많은 시스템에 적용되어 왔다. 음성인식 시스템을 범용의 프로세서들을 가지고 구현할 경우 많은 계산량과 데이터들로 말미암아 실시간의 성능을 얻을 수 없다. 따라서 실시간 음성인식을 위해서는 인식을 가속화 시키기 위한 전용 하드웨어를 개발하는 것이 요구되어진다. 본 논문에서는 HMM을 이용한 격리단어 인식 시스템을 구현하는 내용을 다루고 있다. 음성인식 시스템은 호스트 컴퓨터와 DSP 보드 그리고 프로토타입 Viterbi scoring 보드로 이루어져 있다. 음성신호로부터 특징 벡터를 추출하는 과정은 DSP 보드에서 이루어지고, Viterbi scoring 보드는 세 개의 field-programmable gate array 칩들을 사용하여 설계되었다. Viterbi scoring 보드는 하드웨어적으로 효율적인 Viterbi scoring 구조를 채택하고 있고 음성인식을 위한 Viterbi 알고리즘을 수행한다. 제작된 시스템은 10MHz로 동작하고, 한 프레임 즉 10ms 동안에 100.000 스테이트를 처리할 수 있다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 I
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• pp.57-60
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• 2003

IEEE 802.16 Wireless MAN standard specifies the air interface of fixed point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access systems providing multiple service. Among the service classes supported by the wireless MAN, the BE class is ranked on the lowest position in priority and is usually deployed by multicast and broadcast polling MAC scheme. In provisioning such BE service, the delay performance is influenced by a number of components including restrictions on resource request per SS, the number of request opportunities in upward frame, scheduling requests at BS, and contention resolution method. As candidate components of MAC function for BE service, we propose single and multiple request schemes (for controling the number of requests per SS), exhaustive and limited request schemes (for regulating the amount of grant per request) and FCFS, H-SMF, pure SMF, SS-wise Round Robin, and pure Round Robin (for scheduling requests at BS). Then, we construct MAC schemes by combining the above components and evaluate the delay performance exhibited by each MAC scheme using a simulation method. From numerical results, we investigate the effect of MAC components on average delay and delay variation and observe the dissonance on collision reduction in a resource - limited environment.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.89-89
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• 2017

A gene encoding squalene synthase from grain amaranth was cloned and characterized. The full-length cDNA was 1805-bp long and contained a 1248-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 416 amino acids with a molecular mass of 47.6 kDa. Southern blot analysis revealed that the A. cruentus genome contained a single copy of the gene. Comparison of the cDNA and genomic sequences indicated that the amaranth SQS gene had 12 introns and 13 exons. All of the exons contributed to the coding sequence. The predicted amino acid sequence of the SQS cDNA shared high homology with those of SQSs from several other plants. It contained conserved six domains that are believed to represent crucial regions of the active site. We conducted qRT-PCR analyses to examine the expression pattern of the SQS gene in seeds at different developmental stages and in several tissues. The amaranth SQS gene was low levels of SQS transcripts at the initial stage of seed development, but the levels increased rapidly at the mid-late developmental stages before declining at the late developmental stage. These findings showed that the amaranth SQS is a late-expressed gene that is rapidly expressed at the mid-late stage of seed development. In addition, we observed that the SQS mRNA levels in stems and roots increased rapidly during the four- to six-leaf stage of development. Therefore, our results showed that the expression levels of SQS in stem and root tissues are significantly higher than those in leaf tissues. In present study provides useful information about the molecular characterization of the SQS clone isolated from grain amaranth. Finally, a basic understanding of these characteristics will contribute to further studies on the amaranth SQS.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.418-426
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• 2012

Murai Kinzan was a disciple of the great Ko-bang scholar, Yoshimasu Todo(吉益東洞). He was born in a family of doctors, he helped his father's medical works and together made an institution of medical education. He wrote many medical books such as "Yakuchozokuhen(藥徵續編)", "Idonisen'nenganmokuhen(醫道二千年眼目編)" and "Hogyokusantei(方極刪定)". He followed Yoshimasu Todo's theories that "All disease comes from a single poison" and criticized scholars such as Yoshimasu Nangai(吉益南涯) for modifying the theories of his teacher, Yoshimasu Todo. He was also influenced by Kagawa Shuuan(香川修庵) through his father, and learned medicine from Yamawaki Touyou(山脇東洋) through letters. Under the influence of these great scholars, he pursued empirical and practical medicine based on his own experience using "Shanghanlun(傷寒論)" and "Jinguiyaolue(金匱要略)" for reference. In "Yakuchozokuhen" and "Yakuchozokuhenhuroku", Murai Kinzan maintained the main frame of "Yakucho(藥徵)", Yoshimasu Todo's work, discussing in 5 categories. Medicines that are used popularly were written in "Yakucho" and "Yakuchozokuhen", therefore those books were discussed in 5 categories. However, "Yakuchozokuhenhuroku" were discussed only in 1 ~ 3 categories.

• 천문학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.299-311
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• 2015

We report first results from KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) VLBI observations obtained in the frame of our Plasma-physics of Active Galactic Nuclei (PAGaN) project. We observed eight selected AGN at 22 and 43 GHz in single polarization (LCP) between March 2014 and April 2015. Each source was observed for 6 to 8 hours per observing run to maximize the uv coverage. We obtained a total of 15 deep high-resolution images permitting the identification of individual circular Gaussian jet components and three spectral index maps of BL Lac, 3C 111 and 3C 345 from simultaneous dual-frequency observations. The spectral index maps show trends in agreement with general expectations – flat core and steep jets – while the actual value of the spectral index for jets shows indications for a dependence on AGN type. We analyzed the kinematics of jet components of BL Lac and 3C 111, detecting superluminal proper motions with maximum apparent speeds of about 5c. This constrains the lower limits of the intrinsic component velocities to ~ 0.98c and the upper limits of the angle between jet and line of sight to ~20°. In agreement with global jet expansion, jet components show systematically larger diameters d at larger core distances r, following the global relation d ≈ 0.2r, albeit within substantial scatter.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

주파수 쉬프트 키잉(FSK, Frequency Shift Keying) 기법을 이용하는 acoustic 모뎀[2]에서 복조기 심벌 동기 성능을 개선하는 새로운 M진 상태천이 주파수 쉬프트 키잉 변조기법을 제안하다 기존의 방식은 동일한 심벌을 연속하여 전송할 경우 복조기 동기부 성능이 저하되는 문제점이 있다. 제안하는 방식은 전송되는 매 심벌마다 항상 다른 주파수로 천이하면서 변조되므로, 복조기 동기부에서 심벌 동기 획득 성능을 획기적으로 향상시킬 수 있고, 또한 간단한 변복조 구조 및 프레임 구조를 갖는다. 한편 M진 FSK의 심벌 동기 획득 기법인 modulation-derived synchronization(MDS)을 개선하고 성능을 분석한다. 마지막으로 제안하는 기법을 주파수 효율 측면에서 고찰하여 acoustic 모뎀에 적합함을 증명한다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2015

기존의 예제기반 초해상도 복원은 다수의 외부영상을 이용한 사전 생성 방법과 단일 영상을 이용한 자기참조 예제기반 복원 방법이 있지만, 입력영상의 특성과 패치사전에 따라 복원 성능이 저하되는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해서, 본 논문에서는 멀티 프레임의 움직임 정보를 이용하여 적응적 패치 선택을 통한 초해상도 영상복원 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 초해상도 영상 복원 방법은 3가지 단계로 구성된다. i) 인접한 프레임간의 움직임 정보를 이용한 로컬 영역을 정의, ii) 단계적 열화를 이용한 적응적 패치 검색 방법, iii) 최적의 패치검색을 통한 패치 결합 및 초고해상도 영상복원이다. 결과적으로 제안하는 방법은 인접한 프레임간의 움직임 정보와 단계적 열화를 이용하여 패치를 검색함으로써 패치 검색의 정확성을 높여주고, 동영상에서 부자연스러운 현상이 제거된 초해상도 영상 복원이 가능하다. 실험결과에서는 기존의 초해상도 영상복원 방법과 비교할 때 복원 부작용이 감소되어 자연스럽게 복원된 영상을 제공하는 동시에, peak-to-peak signal noise ratio (PSNR)과 structural similarity measure (SSIM)를 사용한 객관적 성능 향상을 보인다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.360-364
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• 2009

Objective : Several treatment options have proven effective for metastatic brain tumors, including surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery. Tumors with cystic components, however, are difficult to treat using a single method. We retrospectively assessed the outcome and efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for cystic brain metastases after stereotactic aspiration of cystic components to decrease the tumor volume. Methods : The study population consisted of 24 patients (13 males, 11 females; mean age, 58.3 years) with cystic metastatic brain tumors treated from January 2002 to August 2008. Non-small cell lung cancer was the most common primary origin. After Leksell stereotactic frame was positioned on each patient, magnetic resonance images (MRI)-guided stereotactic cyst aspiration and GKRS were performed (mean prescription dose : 20.2 Gy). After treatment, patients were evaluated by MRI every 3 or 4 months. Results : After treatment, 13 patients (54.2%) demonstrated tumor control, 5 patients (20.8%) showed local tumor progression, and 6 patients (25.0%) showed remote progression. Mean follow-up duration was 13.1 months. During this period, 10 patients (41.7%) died, but only 1 patient (4.2%) died from brain metastases. The overall median survival after these procedures was 17.8 months. Conclusion : These results support the usefulness of GKRS after stereotactic cyst aspiration in patients with large cystic brain metastases. This method is especially effective for the patients whose general condition is very poor for general anesthesia and those with metastatic brain tumors located in eloquent areas.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.686-695
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• 2006

Interleukin-2 enhancer binding factor 2 (ILF2) was reported to regulate transcription of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a central cytokine in the regulation of T-cell responses. This property of ILF2 was well characterized in human and mammals, but little is known in bony fish. In this paper, an ILF2 homologue was cloned and well characterized from Tetraodon nigrovirid is for the further investigation of the function of ILF2 in bony fish. The full-length Tetraodon ILF2 cDNA was 1380 bp in size and contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1164 bp that translates into a 387 amino-acid peptide with a molecular weight of 42.9 kDa, a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 57 bp, and a 3' UTR of 159 bp containing a poly A tail. The deduced peptide of Tetraodon ILF2 shared an overall identity of 58%~93% with other known ILF2 sequences, and contained two N-glycosylation sites, two N-myristoylation sites, one RGD cell attachment sequence, six protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, one amino-terminal RGG-rich single-stranded RNA-binding domain, and a DZF zinc-finger nucleic acid binding domain, most of which were highly conserved through species compared. Constitutive expression of Tetraodon ILF2 was observed in all tissues examined, including gill, gut, head kidney, spleen, liver, brain and heart. The highest expression was detected in heart, followed by liver, head kidney and brain. Stimulation with LPS did not significantly alter the expression of Tetraodon ILF2. Gene organization analysis showed that the Tetraodon ILF2 gene have fifteen exons, one more than other known ILF2 genes in human and mouse. Genes up- and down-stream from the Tetraodon ILF2 were Rpa12, Peroxin-11b, Smad4, Snapap and Txnip homologue, which were different from that in human and mouse.