• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.140-148
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• 2007

Diabetic nephropathy has been increasing, although blood glucose and blood pressure can be controlled by angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) or advanced glycosylation end products(AGE) inhibitors in the diabetic patients. We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of sea tangle on the blood glucose, and pathological scoring of diabetic kidneys in the streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal rats fed control diet and diabetic rats fed control diet or control diet supplemented with powder or oater extract of sea tangle. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ(60mg/kg, ip) in citrate buffer. The animals were fed the experimental diet and water for 13 weeks. Dietary supplementation of sea tangle decreased blood glucose in the diabetic rats. However, dietary supplementation of sea tangle did not affect the antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA content and pathology of diabetic kidneys. These results indicate that decreased blood glucose by sea tangle could not delay the progression of diabetic kidney disease.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.63-76
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• 2015

This study was carried out to suggest improvement plans for problems with the landscape areas of highway service areas. The survey factors were land use, placement of green area and land coverage in terms of spatial and environmental property. Noise and topographic structure in detached green areas were surveyed in terms of impact factor. The status of the planting area around each service area was analysed in regards to planting structure and planting landscape. As a result, the mean of rations of land use were 81.6% building and 18.4% green areas, which were composed of 5.4% landscape area, 9.1% buffer area, etc. Planting areas as usable space accounted for only 0.7%, and the result of noise measurement was different according to the distribution of highway and service area and type of detached green area. The mean of ratio of planting area was 18.4%, which consists of 6.7% landscape planting, 3.4% other green area, 4.6% buffer area, 2.0% buffer and landscape area, 1.1% shade planting and 0.5% landscape and shade planting. Most planting areas aim at landscape appreciation and areas in which visitors can relax and gain recreation were insufficient. The planting structures of service areas were 52.2% canopy layer, 11.8% shrubs and 9.4% canopy and shrub layers, and most of the planting areas were a single layer of green area. Multi-layered planting structures in the landscape and buffer areas were required and a shade planting area was needed to improve amenities as planting canopy layered trees. This study suggested improvement methods for based environments, spatial function and planting function in landscape areas.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.156-158
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• 2009

Purpose: Since radiopharmaceuticals are intended for human administration, it is imperative that we should undergo quality control very strictly. Now almost all the PET laboratories have adopted Bacterial Endotoxin Test as the stand quality control method to monitor whether pyrogen is free or not in the product vial containing crude solution. The aim of this study is to find out the reason why false positive result is observed when using commercially available test vial. Materials and Methods: For this experiment, we used commercially available single test kit (Associates of Cape Code. Inc. USA) and we made pH samples by mixing each buffer whose pH ranges are 1.0 to 12.0. Otherwise we made Ethanol samples diluted with distilled water. After making test samples, it added 0.2 mL to the test vial. Assay mixture in the test vial was incubated in a water bath (Chang Shin Co. KOR) for 60 min at $35{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. Results: After incubation period ($60{\pm}1^{\circ}C$), we inverted the test vial about $180^{\circ}$ To know what pH and how many percentage of Ethanol (Fisher Scientific Korea. Ltd) will affect the reaction. With pH buffer, false positive result was observed at pH 1.0 to 5.0 and 7.7 to 12.6 but at pH 5.2 to.7.5, the test results show negative. It's very strange that we couldn't observe negative test result with Tris buffer at pH 8.4, 8.6, 8.8, 9.0. in other case Ethanol, the test result was seen with 5 to 10% Ethanol. But to my surprise we could see very thick gel formation with 100% Ethanol. Conclusions: In this study, we could notice that pH which is too much acidic or alkalic or high concentrated Ethanol would affect Bacterial Endotoxin Test result. As you know, LAL test is sensitive and very reliable method. Therefore, we are needed to elicit the accurate test result as possible as we can.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 1973

The most commonly used methods for determining thyroxine binding globulin(TBG) concentration as the total thyroxine-binding capacity utilize electrophoretic seperation of serum. Although technically simple, the electrophoretic method is time consuming and is limited in the number of samples which can be run in a single assay. The author presented a single $T_4$ load ion exchange resin method as an approach to simplify the technique as with clinical practicability and results were analyzed. For construction of the standard curves, serum mixtures were diluted with barbital buffer.which effectively blocked $T_4$-binding to TBPA. For each serum dilution, a constant amount of $T_4-^{125}I$ and increments of unlabelled $T_4$ were added. After incubation in water bath, resin beads were dispensed to the samples which binded all $T_4$ not bound to TBG. The radioactivity in the supernatant was counted in the gamma scintillation counter. Each standard curve was plotted from the percent counts in the supernatant and total $T_4$ in each tube. Unknown samples were diluted to 1:40 and ran at a single $T_4$ loading concentration, and the TBG capacity of the samples was able to be read on the standard isobars. The following results were obtained. 1) Mean and standard deviation for TBG capacity in normal population was $28.6{\pm}5.09{\mu}g\;T_4/100ml$. 2) $24.9{\pm}3.87{\mu}g\;T_4/100ml$ in hyperthyroidism showed low TBG capacity comparing to normal population.(p<0.025) 3) $31.0{\pm}2.40{\mu}g\;T_4/100ml$ in hypothyroidism showed high TBG capacity tendency comparing to normal population. 4) Reversed correlationship existed between TBG capacity and $T_3$ resin uptake(r=-0.624), TBG capacity and serum $T_4$ value (r=-0.859), and TBG capacity and free thyroxine index(r=-0.623). The author assumes that this method of assay is considerably simpler in instrumentation and technique than any other assays traditionally being used, and seems to be more practical for routine clinical laboratory use.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.432-440
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• 2006

A tuber lectin from Arisaema jacquemontii Blume belonging to family Araceae was purified by employing a single step affinity chromatography using column of asialofetuin-linked amino activated silica beads and the bound lectin was eluted with 100 mM glycine-HCl buffer pH 2.5. The purified A. jacquemontii lectin (AJL) showed a single protein band with an apparent molecular mass of 13.4 kDa when submitted to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing as well as non-reducing conditions. The native molecular mass of AJL determined by gel filtration on a Biogel P-200 column was 52 kDa and its carbohydrate content was estimated to be 3.40%. Thus AJL is a tetrameric glycoprotein. The purified lectin agglutinated erythrocytes from rabbit but not from human. Its activity was not inhibited by any of the mono- and disaccharides tested except N-acetyl-D-lactosamine having minimal inhibitory sugar concentration (MIC) 25 mM. Among the glycoproteins tested only asialofetuin was found to be inhibitory (MIC $125\;{\mu}g/mL$). A single band was obtained in native PAGE at pH 4.5 while PAGE at pH 8.3 showed two bands. Isoelectric focusing of AJL gave multiple bands in the pI range of 4.6-5.5. When incorporated in artificial diet AJL significantly affected the development of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) larvae indicating the possibility of using this lectin in a biotechnological strategy for insect management of cucurbits. Larvae fed on artificial diet containing sub-lethal dose of AJL showed a significant decrease in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity while esterase activity markedly increased as compared to larvae fed on diet without lectin. Out of various human cancer cell lines employed in sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay, this lectin was found to have appreciable inhibitory effect on the in vitro proliferation of HCT-15, HOP-62, SW-620, HT-29, IMR-32, SKOV-3, Colo-205, PC-3, HEP-2 and A-549 cancer cell lines by 82, 77, 73, 70, 41, 41, 37, 29, 21 and 21% respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1215-1221
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to compare the nutrient removal efficiency, and to estimate the net reaction time in order to calculate a "phase" transfer rate. SBR(SBR1) with flexible verticals and single reactor SBR(SBR1). Consequently, the removal efficiencies of $COD_{Cr}$, and $BOD_5$ in SBR1 and SBR2 were 91.5%, 97.5% and 90.4%, 97.3%, Respectively. Accordingly, the organic removal efficiency was not distinguished in both processes. In the T-N and T-P removal efficiencies, however, SBR1 obtained higher removal efficiency than SBR2, at 12.1% and 7.6% respectively. Also, in the experiment to estimate the "phase" transfer rate, SBR1 was higher than SBR2 Because SBR1 has two phases in the single reactor simultaneously, it has the buffer capacity to reduce the "phase" transfer time and provides a definite reaction condition.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 1990

New immunoassay systems for the detection of anti-sperm antibodies were developed. For this, sperm surface protein was purified by the immunoaffinity column prepared by the coupling of rabbit anti-human IgG antibodies to Sepharose-4B. Fraction eluted by tris-HCI buffer containing SDS showed a single band having molecular weight of about 60KD on electrophoresis. Enzyme HRP labelled goat anti-human IgG and chemiluminescence aminobutylethyl-isoluminol(ABEI) labelled rabbit anti-human IgG were used for ELISA and CIA, respectively. These two labelled conjugate bound well with human IgG. When serum dilution curves were made to titrate positive serums, two kinds of curves with steep and sluggish slopes were obtained Serum samples were categorized into 3 groups: positive, weak positive and negative based on slope of curve and O.D. values at 1:160 dilution of serum. When ELISA and CIA were compared to conventional method Kibrick test by the determinations of 62 male serums with different diagnosis, the results of ELISA and CIA agreed well, but both disagreed with that of Kibrick test. This study showed that purified sperm surface antigen can be used to develope solid-phase immunoassay systems such as ELISA and CIA which may eliminate the problems encounted the immobilization of living sperm in other tests.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 1997

Adult male rats were exposed to a whole body with a single dose of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 Gy. The animals were sacrificed 48, 72, 96 and 216 hours following exposure. A competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) with antigen immobilized on the solid phase has been developed to measure ceruloplasmin in rat serum and complete dose response curves. Ceruloplasmin was purified from the plasma of turpentine treated male rats. Coating of ceruloplasmin had more effectiveness in 10 mM Tris-HCI, 150 mM sodium chloride, pH 7.4 than in 50 mM carbonate/bicarbonate buffer, pH 9.6. The coating range for ceruloplasmin was $70{\sim}140ng$/well. Levels of ceruloplasmin increased to maximum on the $72{\sim}96$ hours after irradiation. Slope of between response and dose was greatest value 96 hours following irradiation. Normal ceruloplasmin levels were not recorded 216 hours following exposure. In 0.1 Gy irradiated group, levels of ceruloplasmin also increased to maximum on the $72{\sim}96$ hours following irradiation. The concentration of this protein remained significantly different from control value, 196 hours after exposure. Ceruloplasmin was identified as one of the major acute phase protein following irradiation and further studies about gene expression and regulation would be necessary for radiation protection.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2006

Acetaminophen (paracetamol), a para-aminophenol derivative, has analgesic and antipyretic properties and weak anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two acetaminophen tablets, $Tylenol^{\circledR}$ ER (Janssen Korea Ltd.) and Tylicol ER (Hana Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The release of acetaminophen from the two acetaminophen formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIll Apparatus II method with pH 1.2 buffer solution. Twenty six healthy male subjects, $22.8{\pm}1.99$ years in age and $65.6{\pm}8.03$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After a single tablet containing 650 mg as acetaminophen was orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of acetaminophen in serum were determined using HPLC with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in pH 1.2 buffer solution. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, $Tylenol^{\circledR}$ ER, were 2.84, 1.89 and -1.36% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., log $0.987{\sim}log$ 1.08 and log $0.944{\sim}log$ 1.17 for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Tylicol ER tablet was bioequivalent to $Tylenol^{\circledR}$ ER tablet.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.625-635
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• 2008

Portable multimedia players have some different properties compared to general multimedia file server. Some of those properties are single user ownership, relatively low hardware performance, I/O burst by user special functions, and short software development cycles. Though suitable for processing multiple user requests at a time, the general multimedia file systems are not efficient for special user functions such as fast forwards/backwards. Soml' methods has been proposed to improve the performance and functionality, which the application programs give prediction hints to the file system. Unfortunately, they require the modification of all applications and recompilation. In this paper, we present a file system that efficiently supports user special functions in embedded multimedia systems using file block allocation, buffer-cache, and prefetch. A prefetch algorithm, SPRA (SPeed-based PRefetch Algorithm) predicts the next block using I/O patterns instead of hints from applications and it is resident in the file system, so doesn't affect application development process. From the experimental file system implementation and comparison with Linux readahead-based algorithms, the proposed system shows $4.29%{\sim}52.63%$ turnaround time and 1.01 to 3,09 times throughput in average.