• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.157-177
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• 2005

In many countries, a Single Window system for simplifications is establishing in order to reduce works submitted double data and compliance costs. A Single Window is defined as a facility that allows parties involved in trade and transport to lodge standardized information and documents with a single entry point to fulfil all import, export, and transit-related regulatory requirements. A Single window can bring improved level of security, faster clearance and reduced compliance costs. UN/CEFACT released "Recommendation and Guidelines on establishing a Single Window to enhance the efficient exchange of information between trade and government". Also, WCO has made progress several projects to assist effective establishing a single window, i.e. CDM, UCR, ICT. Korea has being established a single window system, "e-trade platform" connected with trade, clearance, logistics, marketing and payment system. Some suggestions to establish a effective single window system in Korea are as follows. Firstly, it is necessary to clearly define roles and responsibilities of a lead agency in a single window system and form a organic relationship with PGA. Secondly, a single window system has to be progressed by stages, namely, customs clearance portal system should be established first, and later established e-trade platform. Lastly, the Korean government has to take part in CDM project to gain an advantage over other countries.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.33
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• pp.277-308
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• 2007

Northeast Asia Nations introduced each single window system for simplifying the customs clearance procedures in order to prevent the rekeying the customs and trade-related data. A single window is a means for enabling users to complete all the necessary import/export procedures in a single input and by single transmission by linking the related system. WCO recommends CDM, UCR, ACI that completed by WCO's own projects for assist to establish the single window for customs clearance. Northeast Asia Nations such as Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan undertook trade process reengineering for introducing single window for customs clearance. Korea and Japan introduced a e-customs systems as a good single window system. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to construction of the efficient single window system for customs clearance by studying e-customs cases in Northeast Asia Nations.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.143-158
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• 2005

The purpose of the paper is to analyze situations and its prospect of Single Window System for custom's one-stop service in Japan and to suggest effective application was to improve of in Korea's Customs systems. In response to the growing demand for lower trading costs and shorter and more predictable lead times with the advancement of the international trade supply chain, the Single Window System for import/export and port-related procedures was launched on 23 July 2003 in Japan. The concept of the Single Window System is to establish a comprehensive computer interface system that enables users to complete all import/export and port-related procedures required under different laws and regulations in a single input and single transmission. To realize the concept, the data elements and submission times of the various systems were harmonized, and manual procedures, such as quarantine and immigration, were computerized. Then, all the necessary systems, such as NACCS, Port EDI System, and Crew Landing Permit Support System, were interconnected as a Single Window System. Close cooperation among other governmental organizations and the private sector was a key factor in the successful development and smooth utilization of the System so that it fully met all parties' needs. It is anticipated that operating costs will be greatly reduced and trade facilitation will be enhanced as a result of the simplification of procedures. Korea Customs advocates the Single Window System as a best practice at ASEAN and WCO to contribute to the development of regional and international capacity building.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 2007

Netherlands had suggested a uniform system to standardize and simplify EDI systems relating to the Arrival/Departure, stay, and clearance of ships, persons, and cargoes for the Facilitation of International Maritime Transport to the International Maritime Organization(IMO). Republic of Korea proposed the Framework of XML-based Single Window System for the simplified clearance of ships to the 32nd session of Facilitation Committee of the IMO. Accordingly the authors studied that the XML Infrastructure for Single Window efficiently supports the Single Window service and the business collaboration between business entities of logistics. The proposed XML Infrastructure designs to support the various document format translation and to easily manage. Therefore business entity using the proposed system has the effect of downing the resource and costs on using Single Window.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.101-102
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• 2006

XML 기반의 Single Window은 국제 표준에 입각하여 해운 분야의 전자문서를 사용하여 국제해사기구와 전세계적으로 공통된 양식을 사용한다. 이는 동일한 양식의 전자문서를 사용하는 사용자들 간은 통용될 수 있다는 의미이며, 민원인 입장에서는 정보의 재사용성과 중복 입력의 불합리함을 줄일 수 있다. 이로써 민원인들은 입출항 수속 간소화 뿐만 아니라 해운 업무 자체에 많은 업무 개선 효과를 볼 수 있다. 본 고에서 제안한 XML 인프라스트럭처(XML infrastructure for Single Window)는 ebXML 기반의 Single Window에 적합하도록 설계 및 구현되었으며, 자원의 재사용성과 중복 투자를 방지할 수 있도록 하였다. 즉, 사용 환경에 유동적으로 적용가능 하도록 컴포넌트 방식으로 구성되었으며, 기존 시스템을 최대한 활용하도록 구성할 수 있도록 하였다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.27-48
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• 2011

Single window has become a critical point of trade facilitation. While Korea has set up the first web based single window 'uTtradeHub', China has also been working on a seamless single window. As strong governmental support, advanced technology, leading agency and legal framework are success factors for single window, China already has solid foundation for this. For the leading agency, this research suggests the CIECC as a leading agency with linkage to E-Port service for seamless trade service for companies. We expect that Chinese single window will materialize in near future by a leading agency with the help of strong governmental support.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.101-118
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• 2023

Purpose - Korea became a trillion-dollar trading country in 2011. With the exponential increase in Korea's trade volume over the past decades, trade-related administrative burdens per capita for Korea Customs became enormous, for which the government established the Single Window, a trade-facilitating system, in 2004 to enhance the efficiency of customs-clearing procedures for traders. This paper focuses on finding whether the Korean Single Window system affects the country's trade facilitation positively through an empirical methodology. Design/methodology - To find empirical evidence that Single Window affects trade facilitation for the customs-clearing procedure, this study assumes that a time-efficient environment enables the handling of the increase in trade volume, under which four independent variables related to import customs-clearing procedures and two dependent variables to import were adopted for empirical analysis. The import customs procedures are classified into four steps from port entry to declaration acceptance. To understand the relationship between variables, scattered plots and correlation coefficients were calculated. Eight hypotheses were set and underwent simple linear regression. The data for analysis were collected by Korea Customs, and were about the lead time of import, the volume of imports in million USD, and the number of import declarations reported to customs offices on a monthly basis from 2005 to 2013. Findings - Six of the eight hypotheses showed the statistically significant result that lead time in the import customs-clearing procedure positively affects the number of import declaration reports and import volume. Specifically, Hypothesis 1, Hypothesis 2, and Hypothesis 3 strongly support the assumption lead time in import customs declaration has an inverse relationship with the number of import declarations, which means that the shorter the import lead time, the more import declaration increases. Research Limitations/Implications - With limited data accessibility to the government's custom-sclearing procedures, only the import lead time for customs clearance were adopted as independent variables. This paper, however, successfully found that the Single Window system contributed to trade facilitation. Originality/value - This study found that the time-saving Single Window system of Korea Customs enables itself to manage an exponentially-increasing trade volume by creating a trade-facilitating environment for customs personnel and traders, which may be a unique implication found through quantitative methodology.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.295-308
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• 2014

Global trading is an intrinsically complex endeavor with a number of parties involved. World-trading related international organizations have suggested that Single Window (SW) be used as a means to make the trading process simpler and smoother. However, since each firm has its own requirements and objectives with SW, yet there is no consensus as to what traits of 'good' Single Window are. This study uses IT appropriateness as a determinant to explain an impact on information systems success. Historically, IS success was understood as multi-dimensional constructs such as use and performance. In this study we propose another dimension, continuance, and investigate the relationships among these outcome constructs.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.87-110
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• 2013

The aim of this study is as follows. The first, What are the most important factors Affecting Global Single Window Usage and its Performance in Korean Trade Related Companies? The factors proposed for this study includes The pressure of trading companies in other country, Support of government, top management support, partnership among (makers distributors, retailers, customs service), education and training We gathered detailed data on our sample companies mainly from publicly available sources : Korea Customs Service. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about: (1) general fact about the company (size, lines of business, products and services provided, employee, and some financial data about exporting), (2) To investigate the factors of the five contexts described above on korean export-import companies's global single window. The result are as follows. The analysis result revealed that the pressure of trading companies, support of government are influential variables on the affecting global single window in korean trade related companies.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.360-369
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• 2018

Objectives: Outdoor tobacco smoke can penetrate into the indoor environment through cracks in the building envelope. This study aimed to characterize the particle size distribution of infiltrated secondhand smoke (SHS) through the gap in a single glazed and a secondary glazed window according to pressure differences in a chamber. Methods: Two polyvinyl chloride sliding windows were evaluated for infiltration, one with a glazed window and the other with a secondary glazed window. Each window was mounted and sealed in a polycarbonate chamber. The air in the chamber was discharged to the outside to establish pressure differences in the chamber (${\Delta}P$). Outdoor smoking sources were simulated at a one-meter distance from the window side of the chamber. The particle size distribution of the infiltrated SHS was measured in the chamber using a portable aerosol spectrometer. The particle size distribution of SHS inside the chamber was normalized by the outdoor peak for fine particles. Results: The particle size distribution of SHS inside the chamber was similar regardless of window type and ${\Delta}P$. It peaked at $0.2-0.3{\mu}m$. Increases in particulate matter (PM) concentrations from SHS infiltration were higher with the glazed window than with the secondary glazed window. PM concentrations of less than $1{\mu}m$ increased as ${\Delta}P$ was increased inside the chamber. Conclusions: The majority of infiltrated SHS particles through window gap was $0.2-0.3{\mu}m$ in size. Outdoor SHS particles infiltrated more with a glazed window than with a secondary glazed window. Particle sizes of less than $1{\mu}m$ were associated with ${\Delta}P$. These findings can be a reference for further research on the measurement of infiltrated SHS in buildings.