• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 2009

Twenty-eight Anopheles species has been so-far identified in Iran, while only 8 species was proved as malaria vector. In this study, we principally examined the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) potency in identification of Iranian vectors of malaria and then differentiation of vector and non-vector species of Anopheles. Seven species of malaria vectors and the non-vector species, Anopheles claviger were collected throughout Iran. Female extracts were made out of every five conspecific specimens by surface immersion in pure n-hexane. Each sample was injected into a FID-GC instrument along with the known concentrations of standards. CHC profiles of the eight Anopheles species indicated no qualitative difference. The average mass of each eluted CHC were compared using Repeated ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests. Results confirmed a significant difference in mass of each single CHC at a specific retention time (RT). Statistical comparison of CHC mass in An. sacharovi, An. stephensi, An. culicifacies and An. fluviatilis at RT 39.6 indicated significant differences (P<0.05) among these species. Analysis of CHC mass of An. dthali, An. superpictus & An. sacharovi at RT 28.5, An. stephensi & An. sacharovi at RT 30.7 and An. sacharovi & An. claviger at RT 30.6 similarly indicated significant differences (P<0.05). An. sacharovi could be distinguished from other species, which showed only trace, by integratable peaks at retention times of 29.7, 31 and 32.6. Similarly, An. claviger could be distinguished from the other species with a trace peak at RT 30.6. In order to separate An. stephensi from the five other species, the integratable peak at RT 30.7 was used. An. dthali could be identified at RT 26.2 by an integratable peak v.s. the trace peaks of other species. An. superpictus had indicator peaks at RTs 27.4 & 28.5 v.s. trace peaks of other species. An. maculipennis with its trace peak at RT 39.6 could be easily differentiated from An. fluviatilis & An. culicifacies. This study proved that all of the examined species of Anopheles could be well identified based on their quantitative differences in CHCs, except for An. fluviatilis & An. culicifacies for which no CHC indicator peak was detected.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.57-60
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• 2011

As background significantly affects measurement accuracy and a detection limit in determination of the trace amounts of uranium, it is necessary to determine the impurities in the Lexan detector film for single particle measurements by thermal ionization mass spectrometry coupled with fission track technique (FT-TIMS). We have prepared various micro sizes of the blank Lexan detector film using a micromanipulation technique for uranium measurements by TIMS. Few tens of fg of uranium background with no remarkable dependency on the film sizes were observed in the blank Lexan films with the sizes from $50{\times}50\;{\mu}m^2$ to $300{\times}300\;{\mu}m^2$. Based on the determination of the uranium background in the Lexan film, any background correction is necessary in the isotopic analysis of a uranium single particle with micron sizes when the particle bearing Lexan film is dissected with less than $300{\times}300\;{\mu}m^2$ size. The isotopic analysis of a uranium particle in U030 standard material using TIMS was carried out to verify the applicability of the Lexan film to the single particle analysis with high accuracy and precision.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.1651-1664
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• 2023

It is very difficult to capture the multi-dimensional phenomena such as asymmetric flow and temperature distributions with the one-dimensional (1D) model, obviously, due to its inherent limitation. In order to overcome such a limitation of the 1D representation, many state-of-the-art system codes have equipped a three-dimensional (3D) component for multi-dimensional analysis capability. In this study, a standard multi-dimensional analysis model of APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400) has been developed using TRACE (TRAC/RELAP Advanced Computational Engine). The entire reactor pressure vessel (RPV) of APR1400 has been modeled using a single 3D component. The fuels in the reactor core have been described with detailed and coarse representations, respectively, to figure out the impact of the fuel description. Using both 3D RPV models, a comparative analysis has been performed postulating a double-ended guillotine break at a cold leg. Based on the results of comparative analysis, it is revealed that both models show no significant difference in general plant behavior and the model with coarse fuel model could be used for faster transient analysis without reactor kinetics coupling. The analysis indicates that the asymmetric temperature and flow distributions are captured during the transient, and such nonuniform distributions contribute to asymmetric quenching behaviors during blowdown and reflood phases. Such asymmetries are directly connected to the figure of merits in the LBLOCA analysis. Therefore, it is recommended to employ a multi-dimensional RPV model with a detailed fuel description for a realistic safety analysis with the consideration of the spatial configuration of the reactor core.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.727-738
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• 2015

Until recently, power analysis is one of the most popular research issues among various side channel analyses. Since Differential Power Analysis had been first proposed by Kocher et al., various practical power analyses correspond with software/hardware cryptographic devices have been proposed. In this paper, we analyze vulnerability of countermeasure against power analysis exploiting single power trace of public cryptographic algorithm. In ICICS 2010, Clavier et al. proposed Horizontal Correlation Analysis which can recover secret information from a single exponentiation trace and corresponding countermeasures. "Blind operands in LIM", one of their countermeasures, exploits additive blinding in order to prevent leakage of intermediate value related to secret information. However, this countermeasure has vulnerability of having power leakage that is dependant with the message known by an adversary. In this paper, we analyzed vulnerabilities by three attack scenarios and proved them by practical correlation power analysis experiments.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.435-442
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• 1995

A matrix modification was studied for the determination of trace bismuth in water samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The type and quantity of modifiers as well as the use of auxiliary modifiers were investigated to realize the efficient modification. Palladium was chosen as a single modifier. By the addition of palladium($5{\mu}g/mL$) to 100 ng/mL bismuth solution, the temperatures could be raised from $500^{\circ}C$ to $1,300^{\circ}C$ for the charring and from $2,000^{\circ}C$ to $2,200^{\circ}C$ for the atomization as well as the sensitivity and reproducibility were improved. The absorbance of bismuth was maximum and not changed in the range of Pd $3-25{\mu}g/mL$. And several materials were examined as an auxiliary modifier. The mixed solution of $1{\mu}g/mL$ palladium and $200{\mu}g/mL$ nickel have raised the temperatures as with $5{\mu}g/mL$ palladium only. The maximum absorbance of bismuth was shown in the nickel concentration range of $100-300{\mu}g/mL$ in $1{\mu}g/mL$ palladium modified system. With such optimum conditions, the trace amount of bismuth in several water samples could be determined by a calibration curve method, and good recoveries were also obtained.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.26 no.3_4
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• pp.679-688
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• 2008

In multivariate regression analysis there exist many influence measures on the regression estimates. However it seems to be few of influence diagnostics on test statistics in hypothesis testing. Case-deletion approach is fundamental for investigating influence of observations on estimates or statistics. Tang and Fung (1997) derived single case-deletion of the Wilks' ratio, Lawley-Hotelling trace, Pillai's trace for testing a general linear hypothesis of the regression coefficients in multivariate regression. In this paper we derived more extended form of those measures to deal with joint influence among observations. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effect of joint influence on the test statistics.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2020

The FBC(Fixed-Base Comb) is a method to efficiently operate scalar multiplication, a core operation for signature generations of the ECDSA(Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm), utilizing precomputed lookup tables. Since the FBC refers to the table depending on the secret information and the values of the table are publicly known, an adversary can perform HCA(Horizontal Correlation Analysis), one of the single trace side channel attacks, to reveal the secret. However, HCA is a statistical analysis that requires a sufficient number of unit operation traces extracted from one scalar multiplication trace for a successful attack. In the case of the scalar multiplication for signature generations of ECDSA, the number of unit operation traces available for HCA is significantly fewer than the case of the RSA exponentiation, possibly resulting in an unsuccessful attack. In this paper, we propose an improved HCA on lookup table based scalar multiplication algorithms such as FBC. The proposed attack improves HCA by increasing the number of unit operation traces by determining such traces for the same intermediate value through collision analysis. The performance of the proposed attack increases as more secure elliptic curve parameters are used.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.572-579
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• 2006

Accurate heat release analysis based on the cylinder pressure trace is important for evaluating combustion process of diesel engines. However, traditional single-zone heat release models (SZM) have significant limitations due mainly to their simplified assumptions of uniform charge and homogeneity while neglecting local temperature distribution inside cylinder during combustion process. In this study, a heat release analysis based on single-zone model has been evaluated by comparison with computational simulation result using Fire-code, which is based on multidimensional model (MDM). The limitations of the single-zone assumption have been estimated, To overcome these limitations, an improved model that includes the effects of spatial non-uniformity has been applied. From this improved single-zone heat release model (Improved-SZM), two effective values of specific heat ratios, denoted by ${\gamma}_V$ and ${\gamma}_H$ in this study, have been introduced. These values are formulated as the function of charge temperature changing rate and overall equivalence ratio. Also, it is applied that each equation of ${\gamma}_V$ and ${\gamma}_H$ has respectively different slopes according to several meaningful periods during combustion progress. The heat release analysis results based on improved single-zone model gives a good agreement with FIRE-code results over the whole range of operating conditions of target engine, Hyundai HiMSEN H21/32.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06d
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• pp.366-368
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• 2012

Network Coding approach to IP tracback was proposed by Sattari et al. [5] in order to reduce number of packets required to trace the source of a single attack scenario. In this paper, we analysis and point out limitations and problems of their proof for benefit of network coding to IP traceback.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2017

Quantifying the trace elements in infinitesimal ambient liquid samples (e.g., single raindrop, cloud/fog water, and the soluble fraction extracted from the particles collected for a short time) is an important task for understanding formation processes, heating/cooling rates, and their health hazards. The purpose of this study is to employ an in-air micro PIXE system for quantitative analysis of the trace elements in a thimbleful of reference liquid sample. The bag type liquid sample holder originally designed with $10{\mu}m$ thick $Mylar^{(R)}$ film retained the original shape without any film perforation and apparent peaks of film blank by the end of the analysis. As one of tasks to be solved, the homogeneity of the elemental distribution in liquid reference species was verified by the X-ray line profiles for several references. It was possible to resolve the significant peaks for whole target elements corresponding to the channel number of micro-PIXE spectrum. The calibration curves for the six target elements (Si, S, Cl, Fe, Ni, and Zn) in standard solutions were successfully plotted by concentration (ppm) and ROI of interest net counts/dose (nC).