• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2004

Background and Objectives : Many studies have described and analyzed singer's formant and it has been shown that the epilaryngeal tube in the human airway is responsible for vocal ring, or the singer's formant. A similar phenomenon produced by trained singers in their speech led some authors to examine the speaker's ring. This study was designed to analyze the speaking voice of the singers and speaker's ring. Baterials and Methods : Ten tenors, fifteen baritones, fifteen sopranos and ten mezzo sopranos attending the music college, department of vocal music were chosen for this study. Fifteen male and fifteen female untrained normal speakers were chosen for control group. Each subject was asked to produce a sample of a sustained spoken vowel /ah/ sound for at least five seconds and read sentence 'Kaeul'. The sound data was analyzed using the Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) - based power spectrum, Long term average(LTA) power spectrum using the FFT algorithm of the Computerized Speech Lab(CSL, Kay elemetrics, Model 4300B, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS). Results : For LTA Power spectrum of/ah/ sound, a significant increase was seen in the 2,500-3,500Hz region(p<0.01) in four trained singer group compared with untrained speaker group, and a significant increase in the 9,000-10,000Hz region(p<0.01) in soparano group. Similarly, in sentence 'Kaeul', there was a significant increase in energy in the tenor, baritone, mezzo soprano group compared with the untrained speaker group in the 2,500-3,500Hz region(p<0.01), and a significant increase in all frequency region(p<0.01) in the soprano group. Conclusions : The LTA power spectrum suggests that trained singers group show more energy concentration in the 'singer's formant' region in the speaking voice, and authors believe this region to be the 'speaker's ring'. Further research is needed on the effect of singing training on the resonance of the speaking voice.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare head register with chest register of singers acoustically. Fifteen healthy tenor major students were participated. Fifteen healthy untrained adults were chosen as the control group for this study. Long term average (LTA) power spectrum using the Fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm and Linear predictive coding (LPC) filter response were made with /a/ sustained in both head (G4, 392 Hz) and chest registers (C3, 131 Hz). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. In the LTA power spectrum, head register of singers increased in the level of energy gain within the frequency of 2.2-3.4 kHz (p<0.01), and 7.5-8.4 kHz (p<0.01, p<0.05). Chest register of singers increased in the frequency of 2.2-3.1 kHz (p<0.01), 7.8-8.4 kHz (p<0.05) and around 9.6 kHz (p<0.01). The LTA power spectrum revealed a peak of acoustic energy around 2,500 Hz, known as the singer's formant and another peak of acoustic energy around 8,000 Hz in the singer's voice.

• 대한음성언어의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성언어의학회 1998년도 제10회 학술대회 심포지움
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• pp.218-219
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• 1998

The term "Professional voice user" refers to not only a singer or actor. but also anyone who uses the voice as a primary means of occupational communication Examination begins with observation of a patient and careful listening of the patient's voice during history taking. Examination of the vocal fold includes observation of the vocal fold, its mobility and vibration. (omitted)

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.143-145
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• 2007

Muscle groups that are located in and around the vocal tract can produce audible changes in frequency and/or intensity of the voice. Vocal vibrato is a characteristic feature in the singing of performers trained in the western classical tradition and vibrato is generally considered to result from modulation in frequency amplitude and timbre. Vocal tremor is also characterized by periodic fluctuations in the voice frequency or intensity and vocal tremor is symptom of a neurological disease as Spasmodic dysphonia , Parkinson's disease. Vocal vibrato and Vocal tremor may have many of the same origins and mechanisms in the voice production systems. The purpose of this study is to find acostic character of Korean traditional song Pansori singer's vibrato and Spasmodic dysphonia patient's vocal tremor. twelve Pansori singers and seven Spasmodic dysponia patients participated to this study. Power spectrum and Real time Spectrogram are used to analyze the acoustic characteristics of Pansori singing and Spasmodic dysphonia patient's voice The results are as follows; First, vowel formant differences between Pansori singing and Spasmodic dysphonia patient's voice are higher F1, F3. Second, The vibrato rate show differences between Pansori singing and Spasmodic dysphonia patients;$4^{\sim}6/sec$ and $5{\sim}6/sec$ Vibrato rate of pitch is 5.7 Hz ${\sim}$ 42.4 Hz for Pansori singing , 3.8 Hz ${\sim}$ 27.9 Hz for Spasmodic dysphonia patients ;Vibrato rate of intensity range is 0.07 dB ${\sim}$ 8.26 dB for Pansori singing and 0.07 dB ${\sim}$ 4.81 dB for Spasmodic dysphonia patients

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1024-1034
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• 2019

음악에 대한 선호도는 다양한 요소들에 의해 결정되며, 추천의 이유를 보여주는 특성을 발굴하는 것은 음악 추천에 있어 중요하다. 본 논문은 가수 인식 작업을 통해 학습한 모델을 활용하여 다양한 음악적 특성을 반영하는 요소들 중 가수의 목소리 특성을 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 배경음이 포함된 음원 역시 활용할 수 있지만, 음원에 포함된 배경음은 네트워크가 가수의 목소리를 온전하게 인식하는 것을 방해할 수 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 음원 분리를 통해 배경음을 분리하는 사전 작업을 수행하고자 하며, SiSEC에 등장해 검증된 모델 구조를 활용하여 분리된 보컬로 이루어진 데이터 세트를 생성한다. 최종적으로 분리된 보컬을 활용하여 아티스트의 목소리를 반영하는 음색 기반 음악 특성을 발굴하고자 하며, 배경음이 분리되지 않은 음원을 활용한 기존 방법과의 비교를 통해 음원 분리의 효과를 알아보고자 한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.2110-2116
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• 2009

문화 산업은 보건, 의료 산업과 함께 삶의 혜택을 누릴 수 있는 기회를 제공해 주는 분야라고 할 수 있을 정도로 현대 사회에서 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 특히, 대중적 지지 기반을 보유하고 있는 음악 산업은 대중성과 독창성이 함께 공존하여 감정을 표출하고 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 예술적 가치로 인정받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 음악산업에서 핵심적인 부분이라 할 수 있는 가수의 음악적 재능을 평가하는 지표를 설계하고자 한다. 이를 위해 동일한 음악에 대한 가수의 목소리와 일반인의 목소리에서 성도의 모양 변화에 대한 분석을 수행하기 위해 스펙트로그램 분석 요소를 적용하였으며 결과 파형의 패턴 분석을 실험하여 두 집단간의 비교, 분석을 수행하였다. 따라서 실험에 사용될 대중적 음악을 선정하고 동일 부분에 대한 가수와 일반인의 목소리를 수집하여 시간의 흐름에 따른 성도 모양의 변화를 패턴 분석하고 이를 비교, 분석하여 음악성을 평가할 수 있는 지표를 설계하였다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제39권
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• pp.309-328
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• 2015

This study is a consideration of Xu Xiao-Bin(徐小斌)'s Sounds of nature(天?) in the mutual text point of view of Lee Cheong-jun's Sopyonje series. Xu Xiao-Bin's Sounds of nature shows similar motive to Lee Cheong-jun's Sopyonje series that is a story of a mother who damages her daughter's eyes and the daughter. however, it is accepted in totally different ways that the action of father/mother who damage their daughter's eyes. the mother in Sounds of nature is a composer as well as singer and the father in Sopyonje is a singer. The mother's behavior is not able to have duty in Sounds of nature due to it is focused in 'mother's action' rather than a singer but the father's behavior is focused in 'singer's action' in Sopyonje. therefore the action of the father, who is a singer, is considered not merely personal desire of father but also desire to preserve 'singing' as a national culture in public status. the length between two novels are clear in the two daughter's point of views. the daughter in "Sounds of nature" refuses her destiny made from her mother. The daughter's behavior of recovering her own volition, becomes frankly showing the falsehood of 'mother's love. In comparison, the daughter's voice is under the shade in Sopyonje. she surrenders herself to the fate made by her father, and she does not show her desire. This is the point that the difference is created by gender of writers.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2009

This study attempted to investigate vocal characteristics and differences in gender and voice classification among classical singers. Twenty-three female singers (M = 23.1 yrs, SD = 3.6 yrs, average 6.3 yrs singing experience, all classified as sopranos) and twenty male singers (M = 25.2 yrs, SD= 3.6 yrs, average 6. 3 yrs singing experience, 8 tenors, 12 baritones) were recruited to participate in the present study. Speaking fundamental frequency (FO), closed quotient (CQ), MPT (Maximum Phonation Time), breathing types, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), and singers' formants were measured. In addition, vibratory patterns were observed using stroboscopy. Sfo, singing CQ, breathing types, formant frequency in singers' formants, MIP, MEP, and MPT were significantly different from gender to gender. Generally, singers' formants were observed in male singers and also the pattern of singers' formants was different between tenors and baritones. Lower singing CQ values were observed than speaking CQ values in the female singers (P<.001). Furthermore, MEP, MIP, and singing CQ were significantly lower for female singers than for males singers (P<.001). MPT and speaking FO, however, were not significantly different between tenors and baritones.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2007

Introduction: Actually classification of classic singers' voice depends on habitual judgment by voice teachers or voice trainer referring to vocal timbre, vocal range and vocal quality. Such judgments, however, may turn out to be incorrect because they are based on subjective opinions. Therefore, more objective methodology is required. Method: Foreign dissertations searched through Pub Med, along with foreign and domestic journals, were reviewed regard ing how singers' voice has been categorized. Results: Vocal range, vocal timbre, voice quality, fundamental frequency of habitual speaking, length of vocal tract, the length from cricoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage's thyroid notch and length of vocal fold, tone of passaggio as well as traditional approaches such as perceptual judgment used by professional singers have been used for categorize the voice classification. Conclusion: To optimize categorizing singers' voice, vocal range, vocal timbre, voice quality, fundamental frequency of habitual speaking, length of vocal tract, the length from cricoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage's thyroid notch and length of vocal fold, tone of passaggio may be totally recommended.

• 음성과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.113-126
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• 2000

A comparative phonetic analysis of Yodel singing and Belcanto singing by the electroglottographic(EGG) measurement was done in three singers. One professional tenor singer(SDI) who is also well trained in Yodel singing, another yodler(KWS) who is not so trained in Belcanto singing, and the other training tenor singer(CSK) who is not well trained both yodel and Belcanto singing. Closed quotient(CQ), speed quotient(SQ) and fundamental frequency (F0) at the initial modal part(I) , middle falsetto part(M), and final modal part(F) of the same phrase were measured by EGG machine and program(Kay model 4338). In the middle part, not only CQ but also SQ of the Yodel singing were much smaller than that of Belcanto singing in all three singers. However, accuracy of parameters in Belcanto singing of the yodler(KWS) and both Yodel singing and Belcanto singing of the training singer(CSK) were inferior to that of trained tenor singer(SDI). Possible advantages of utilizing Yodel singing training under the guidance of feedback control by the EGG for hyperfunctional voice disorders such as vocal nodules were discussed.