• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2009

In cost estimation of construction, several methods including quantity-per-unit costing, job costing, unit cost estimation and lumpsum estimation are being utilized in Korea. Among them, a Quantity-per-unit Costing Method is used as a standard of cost estimation in public and private works. This paper presents the realistic job-costing method on all road construction tasks through statistical analyses with field survey data to solve the problems induced by the existing quantity-per-unit costing method. Furthermore, it was found that the newly developed job costing method is able to produce a simple costing procedure and a more actual construction cost estimation by a case study, which was performed to compare particular construction costs produced by two different methods, existing quantity-per-unit costing and newly developed job costing. These methods is compared by Case-study about sub-base. In the case of Job costing method, the estimate is shorter than the other case about 50% and can make up for the weak point about instrument in the current Standard of cost estimation. And it can be depict by Job Costing method about progress of work for using by a plan about construction management.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.197-207
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study was carried out to deveop nursing costs and to substantiate the application of appropriate activity-based nursing costs for the current clinical nurse specialists. Method: The study sample was a group of 8 home health care team of the tirtiary Hospital in Korea. The data was collected from September 2003 through December 2004. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS PC 11.0 program and calculated mean and the standard deviation. In Lee(2003)'s nursing activity analysis, nursing activities were classified into two major classification, 19 domains and 70 activities. Each activities was calculated using its work validity, physical effort, psychological effort, stress as a intensity, and the necessary time. The simple work costs was calculated the work wage per minute and the necessary time. The work load intensity was calculated using the work wage per minute and the necessary time work load intensity/100. Results: In this study, the work wage was 283 won per minute. The work validity ranged from 2.71-4.00. The highest simple work cost/work load intensity cost was 12,735won/47,374won for research activity, 10,700won/27,499won for bedsore care, and 9,727won/35,114won for deathbed care. The lowest simple work cost/work load intensity cost was 2,123won/2,038won for intramuscular injection, 2,210won/2,166won for hypodermic injection, and 2,210won/1,547won for a application of medicine(or ointment or cream). Conclusions: It revealed that the nursing cost should be considered validity, physical effort, psychological effort, stress as a intensity, and necessary time. Therefore, It is necessary to calculate nursing cost systematically based on activities.