• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.191-234
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• 2009

This study examined on the volatility feedback hypothesis through the use of threshold GARCH-in-Mean (GJR-GARCH-M) model developed by Glosten, Jaganathan, and Runkle (1993) in the stock markets of 14 emerging countries during the period of January, 1996 to May, 2009. On this study, I found successful evidences which can support the volatility feedback hypothesis through the following three estimation procedures. First, I found relatively strong positive relationship between the expected market risk premiums and their conditional standard deviations from the GARCH-M model in the basis of daily return on each representative stock market index, which is appropriate to investors' risk-averse preferences. Second, I can also identify the significant asymmetric time-varying volatility originated from the investors' differentiated reactions toward the unexpected market shocks by applying the GJR-GARCH-M model and further find the lasting positive risk aversion coefficient estimators. Third, I derived the negative signs of the regression coefficient of unpredicted volatility on the stock market return by re-applying the GJR-GARCH-M model after I controlled the positive effect of predicted volatility through including the conditional standard deviations from the previous GARCH-M model estimation as an independent explanatory variable in the re-applied new GJR-GARCH-M model. With these consecutive results, the volatility feedback effect was successfully tested to be effective also in the various emerging stock markets, although the leverage hypothesis turned out to be insufficient to be applied to another source of explaining the negative relationship between the unexpected volatility and the ex-post stock market return in the emerging countries in general.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.23-36
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• 2010

This study set out to develop clothes made of electromagnetic wave shielding materials. Among the various worker groups exposed to electromagnetic waves for long hours, railroad workers were chosen for the study. After selecting the locations they worked, the investigator measured electromagnetic wave on the field. To examine the effects of electromagnetic wave shielding materials, I applied a lining made of electromagnetic wave shielding materials to the existing work clothes. The first experimental clothes had the silver fabric for the lining in the current working clothes, the second experimental clothes had the copper- and nickel-plate polyester placed between the outer and the lining to prevent the corrosive material from contacting the skin, and the third experimental clothes had the silver fabric for the lining and the copper- and nickel-plate polyester between the outer and the lining. The results indicate that even if a fabric is evaluated to shield electromagnetic waves after tests, it cannot completely shield electromagnetic waves emitting from everyday appliances of 60Hz. Therefore, there should be ongoing development and research efforts on fabrics that can shield electromagnetic waves to a certain degree in order to develop working clothes to alleviate fatigue for those who are constantly exposed to electromagnetic waves, relieve their anxiety, offer them psychological stability and thus help them increase job efficiency.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.16-30
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• 2017

Currently, e-textile market is rapidly expanding and the emerging area of e-textiles requires electrically conductive threads for diverse applications, including wearable innovative e-textiles that can transmit/receive and display data with a variety of functions. This study introduces hybrid nano-structures which may help increase the conductivity of the textile threads for use in wearable and flexible smart apparels. For this aim, Ag was selected as a conductive material, and yarn treatment was implemented where silver nanowire (AgNW) and graphene flake (GF) hybrid structures overcome the limitations of the AgNW alone. The yarn treatment includes several treatment conditions, e.g., annealing temperature, annealing time, binder material such as polyurethane (PU), coating time, in order to search for the optimum method to form stable conductive nano-scale composite materials as thin film on the surface of textile yarns. Treatedyarns showed improved electrical resistance readings. The functionality of the spandex yarn as a stretchable conductive thread was also demonstrated. When the yarn specimens were treated with colloid of AgNW/GF, relatively good electrical conductivity value was obtained. During the extension and recovery cycles of the treated yarns, the initial resistance values did not deteriorate significantly, since the network of nanowire structure with the support of GF and polyurethane stayed flexible and stable. Through this research, it was found that when one-dimensional structure of AgNW and two-dimensional structure of GF were mixed as colloids and treated on the surface of textile yarns, flexible and stretchable electrical conductor could be formed.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.23-28
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• 2024

This study focuses on investigating and exploring solutions to problems related to the increase in the elderly population in modern society where aging is rapidly progressing. With the advent of an aging society the elderly population requires more attention and support. In response companies are attempting to provide elder care services using AI and robotic technology. These services can assist seniors not only with health management and daily life care but also with emotional health aspects. This paper analyzes various elder-related technologies available in the current market investigates their pros and cons and potential for development. The paper concludes that companies need to develop and provide more AI and robot-based elder care services to solve aging problems. Such services can alleviate social and emotional issues in an aging society enhancing the quality of life for seniors.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-50
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify the motivation of using and choosing factors in credit cards. These results indicate that considerate of other people factor may emphasize the convenience and safety in using credit cards, while the leisure factor may prefer the real-worth factor as they know that the more they use, the more benefits they would get. As the personality factor and the fashion factor, we can pay much attention to the advertisements, promotions, card designs, the colors, the characters and the social positions of the card holders and that considerate other people factor may like the low annual fees and the accumulating points, buying items on the installments without paying additional interest, which had offered them cash service and card loan. The authors of this paper has suggested an information by which credit card companies can establish the strategies according to the lifestyle of the elderly in silver business market.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2011

On 1 July 2000, as the over-65 year-old population numbered 3,371,000 and accounted for over 7.1% of Korea's total population, an aging society was revealed. The over-65 percentage climbed to 11.0% by late 2010. A truly aged society is expected soon, by 2019. This aging society requires marketing research concerning the consumer behaviour and well-being of the elderly, because the 'silver generation' is emerging as a large part of the consumer market. The purpose of this study is to empirically analyse one effect among several satisfaction factors in the consuming cycle of various health functional products on consumer's well-being and the effect of product knowledge on the relationship between product satisfaction and well-being. To achieve this purpose, we established a research model after reviewing previous studies on product satisfaction, product knowledge, and consumer's well-being. The following hypotheses were developed from the research model. Hypothesis 1: When elderly consumers' satisfaction with health functional products increases, their well-being will increase. Hypothesis 2: The effect of their satisfaction with health functional products on their well-being will be strengthened according to the level of their knowledge of the products. Those hypotheses were tested by multiple and moderated regressions to the empirical data through a questionnaire survey. As a result, Hypothesis 1 was totally adopted, and Hypothesis 2 was only partially adopted. The study has many practical implications for well-being marketing. First, in order to heighten the elderly consumer's well-being, the level of his or her satisfaction with the health functional products has to be raised in every stage: during the acquisition, preparation, use, maintenance, and disposition of the consumption cycle. Moreover, promoting positive emotional experiences while diminishing negative ones requires effort because a consumer's well-being is made up of various needs. Second, the marketing of health functional products should be invigorated in order to raise the level of elderly consumers' knowledge of them. In other words, it is important to give them an expertise in the health functional products through different channels. A statistical analysis showed, however, that their knowledge has a decisive effect on only two satisfaction stages, preparation and maintenance. Nevertheless, this merely confirmed the intuitive assumption that the knowledge of health functional products is most relevant to their preparation and maintenance. In conclusion, this study is timely because few empirical studies exist on the relationships between silver consumer behaviour and well-being marketing. It contributes to our understanding of this subject by revealing the causality between the silver consumer's satisfaction and his or her well-being in the consumption cycle and by discovering the moderating influence of knowledge in that process.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.737-748
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• 2007

Korea is now entering into aging society next to Japan in Asia, which is considered as unusual in the semi-developed countries. More than 50 year-old consumer market is anticipated to grow to 28.7% of the total in 2010 from 20.4% in 2000. In particular, the silver market is estimated to be formed in full range in 2010 when the generation born in 50s and 60s after the Korean War start to retire. In this study, body shapes are classified as standard, obese, and tiny according to the previous studies based on the body shape characteristics and the body measurement of the Elderly Women. Based on the classification, we developed pattern of the panty for the obese Elderly Women to provide basic materials for the quality enhancement of the clothing of the increasing Elderly Women. The followings are the result of the study 1. To categorize the body shapes of the Elderly Women focusing on the lower half, we grouped the target subjects using the nested approach by the average standard deviation and the factor analysis minimal diffusion method. Accordingly, type 1 and 2 had 36 members respectively and type 3 had 43 members. In this study, two Elderly Women subjects with standard body shape falling under the type 1 were selected as the subjects. 2. In the second trial evaluation for the panty pattern for the Elderly Women 32 items for appearance test and 3 items for functional test were evaluated. The scores in leg, sideline and hip were shown high and the balance between the parts was maintained very well. In the functional test, the panty used to be too tight for the leg curve but in the second trial it was improved, too. In each item, the second trial test showed better score than the first trial test. Conclusively, the most optimal panty prototype for the Elderly Women was proposed according to the trial test result.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.65-73
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• 2008

In this study, we have looked into the cellular phone consumption behavior of seniors who are 50-65 years old because of the prediction that senior cellular phone market will be expanded. Therefore, we made up a questionnaire which is based on theoretical study about silver consumer and marketing, and we also analyzed main features and differences of senior and active senior after split by lifestyle analysis. Through the analysis result, we found out the practical approaching way for the items that seniors' dissatisfaction was high and inquired whether it's possible turning into interface's direct input system or not. As a result, we discovered the change of a pattern of behavior by the increase of seniors's experience, differences of consumption behavior factors by lifestyle, and the possibility of market value of new interface.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.215-223
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• 2007

On-Line Shopping mall is becoming important strategic environment that decide corporation's competitive advantages because of that can achieve quality of customer service and offer speed elevation through both-way communication effectively. Accordingly, as interest about electronic commerce rises, various research had been gone. But, most researches are applying off-line market's quality of service measurement tool just as it is doing not consider special quality of internet. Consider and prescribe by system quality, and saw that thing with grasp relation with customer satisfaction along with qualify of service is important for factor that environmental element influences in customer satisfaction as existing commercial transaction in this research hereupon. That is, wished to present quality strategy necessary to examine whether some quality factor of system quality and quality of service affects more customer satisfaction, and satisfy various customer's needs accordingly after ermine whether it are switching and some relation that search purchase alteration availability of market that is different from loyalty which recommend internet shopping mall to another person who is system quality factor and quality of service factor and customer satisfaction factor actively.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.167-198
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• 2023

Purpose - This paper aims to compare and analyze the co-movements and information spillover effects between the international commodity futures markets and the South Korean stock markets during the COVID-19 and the 2008 financial crises. Design/methodology - The DCC-GARCH model is used in the co-movements analysis. In contrast, the BEKK-GARCH model is used to evaluate information spillover effects. The statistical data used is from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2022. It comprises the Korea Composite Stock Price Index data and daily international commodity futures prices of natural gas, West Texas Intermediate crude oil, gold, silver, copper, nickel, soybean, and wheat. Findings - The results of the co-movement analysis were as follows: First, it was shown that the co-movements between the international commodity futures markets and the South Korean stock markets were temporarily strengthened when the COVID-19 and 2008 financial crises occurred. Second, the South Korean stock markets were shown to have high correlations with the copper, nickel, and crude oil futures markets. The results of the information spillover effects analysis are as follows: First, before the 2008 financial crisis, four commodity futures markets (natural gas, gold, copper, and wheat) were shown to be in two-way leading relationships with the South Korean stock markets. In contrast, seven commodity futures markets, except for the natural gas futures market, were shown to be in two-way leading relationships with the South Korean stock markets after the financial crisis. Second, before the COVID-19 crisis, most international commodity futures markets, excluding natural gas and crude oil future markets, were shown to have led the South Korean stock markets in one direction. Third, it was revealed that after the COVID-19 crisis, the connections between the South Korean stock markets and the international commodity futures markets, except for natural gas, crude oil, and gold, were completely severed. Originality/value - Useful information for portfolio strategy establishment can be provided to investors through the results of this study. In addition, it is judged that financial policy authorities can utilize the results as data for efficient regulation of the financial market and policy establishment.