• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 1972

춘추잠기를 통하여 잠기별로 성적이 좋은 항목과 여타항목 성적간의 관계를 보면 일정한 경향을 발견할 수가 없으므로 종합적인 고찰을 하기가 지극히 곤란하나 대략 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있겠다.(Table Omitted) (1) 월년잠종 냉장입고시의 배자 발육계제와 부화율 및 실용부화율간 에는 어떠한 경향을 발견할 수가 없다. 그러나 부화율이 좋지 못한 잠종은 부화율이 낮을 뿐만 아니라 상견수견량과 화용율도 낮다. 실용부화율이 좋지 못한 잠종은 부화율이 약간 낮은 경향이 있으나 상견수견량과 부화율은 평균치 이상이거나 평균치에 근사하다. 따라서 실용부화율은 누에의 건강과는 관계가 적다고 할 수 있겠다. (2) 오교율은 상견수견량과 화용율에 영향을 미치리라고 생각되며 오교율이 높아지면 원잠이나 원잠견의 혼입률이 높아지는 것이다. 그리고 오교율은 잠견제조에 속하는 문제이며 양잠의 양적 및 질적 생산에 영향을 미치는 요인이라고 하겠으나 여건에 따라서는 원종과 교잡종간에 현격한 차가 나타나지 않는 것이라고 생각된다. 또한 월년잠종과 불월년잠종간의 평균오교율차는 교잡원종의 순도에 기인한 것이라 생각된다. (3) 상견수견량이 적은 잠종은 화용율이 낮은 경향이 있으니 상견수견량과 화용율간에다 관계가 있다고 생각된다. (4) 견층비율이 낮은 잠종은 화용율이 낮아지는 경향이 있다고 하겠다. 따라서 견층비율은 잠품종적인 문제 이외에 잠작과도 유관하다고 생각된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2017

We constructed the fibroin H-chain expression system to produce enhanced cyan fluorescent proteins (ECFP) in transgenic silkworm cocoon. Fluorescent cocoon could be made by fusing ECFP cDNA to the heavy chain gene and injecting it into a silkworm. The ECFP fusion protein, each with N- and C-terminal sequences of the fibroin H-chain, was designed to be secreted into the lumen of the posterior silk glands. The expression of the ECFP/H-chain fusion gene was regulated by the fibroin H-chain promoter. The use of the 3xP3-driven EGFP cDNA as a marker allowed us to rapidly distinguish transgenic silkworms. The EGFP fluorescence became visible in the ocelli and in the central and peripheral nervous system on the seventh day of embryonic development. A mixture of the donor and helper vector was micro-injected into 1,020 Kumokjam, bivoltin silkworm eggs. We obtained 6 broods. The cocoon was displayed strong blue fluorescence, proving that the fusion protein was present in the cocoon. Accordingly, we suggest that the ECFP fluorescence silk will enable the production of novel biomaterial based on the transgenic silk.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.235-243
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• 1995

Recently, the cocoon production is reducing very steeply in Japan. The main reason for this cocoon reduction is due to high labor cost and the production expense is apt to rise year by year. Accordingly, the improvement of cocoon productivity by retrenchment of the production expense is intensively required in my country. Therefore, the silkworm rearing on the artificial diet is largely expected as the innovation techniques of sericulture. Since rearing of the silkworm on artificial diets has first been achieved in 1960, and the silkworm larvae were reared throughout all the instars on artificial diets(Fukuda et al., 1960, Ito & Tanaka, 1960). The artificial diets used at this time contained 50% or more of dried, pulverized mulberyy leaves as one of the main ingredients, and the composition was rather simple. When reared on these diets, larval growth and development were retarded, small cocoons appeared, and the adults laid only a small number of eggs. At first, we would like to study about nutritional requirement of the silkworm, using the chemically defined diet which prepared artificially. Subsequently, attempts were made to improve the diets by replacement of crude ingredients with possibly purer compounds, as mentioned later. Before giving the details on individual nutrient, I would like to summarize about the outline of utilization flow of various nutrients through the larval-pupal development and these daily quantitative requirements per body weight in the silkworm when they were reared on mulberry leaves.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2016

Recently silk polymer produced by Bombyx mori silkworm has been considered as biological macromolecules. Silk polymer was extracted in PBS solution at $37^{\circ}C$ for 72 h or $72^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The effect of EtOH treatment on the cocoon extraction was also examined. The extraction yield of cocoon was less than 1 wt% regardless of extraction conditions. UV spectroscopy showed that the experimental extracts have absorption bands at 280 nm. There is no cytotoxicity effect on the mouse fibroblast L929 cell. The phenotype of L929 cell was not changed under the experimental conditions. The proliferation behavior of L929 cell was not affected by the addition of cocoon extract. Therefore, cocoon extract might be cytocompatible and can be used as promising biomaterials.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

Mulberry (Morus spp.) production is a vital activity in sericulture along with rearing of silkworms (Bombyx mori L.) for silk production. The Sericulture Research and Development Institute (SRDI) conducted a study that evaluated 11 mulberry varieties, including nine newly-evolved mulberry hybrids and two check varieties. These mulberry varieties were fed to silkworm hybrid, DMMMSU 115 x 100. The rearing performance of DMMMSU 115 x 100 was determined based on the silkworm economic traits such as weight of 10 matured larvae, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell percentage, cocoon yield, reelability percentage, filament length and filament size. Six silkworm rearing trials were conducted with 50 silkworm larvae per treatment in three replicates. The data were analyzed in a one-way Analysis of Variance. Significant differences were tested further using Tukey's Honest Significant Difference. Mulberry varieties that garnered an evaluation index value of higher than 50 were identified and selected. Results of the study revealed significant variations among the mulberry varieties based on the parameters gathered except on the reelability of cocoons, filament length and size. Matured silkworm larvae fed with Alf 55 were significantly heavier and higher cocoon yield compared to those fed with Alfonso and S₅₄. Alf 32, Alf 55, Alf 58, Bat 37 and Bat 73 were identified as potential varieties and highly recommended as feed for the silkworm hybrid, DMMMSU 115 x DMMMSU 100.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 1974

농약으로 오염된 뽕을 누에에게 급여했을 때 누에의 사육성적과 견질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 살충제를 사용하여 실험한 결과 다음과 같은 몇가지 결과를 얻었다. 1. 1,000배액의 살충제를 뽕잎에 살포한 후 25일 자연 방치하였다가 급여하여도 감잠비율이 증가하였다. 2. 농약오염뽕의 누에첨식사육결과 사육성적에 미치는 영향은 살충제별로 차이가 있다. 3. Lebaycid의 첨식구에서는 탈항잠이 출현하였다. 4. 농약오염뽕의 누에첨식사육은 불정형견과 이상견사의 원인이 된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

The commercial rearing of polyphagous Indian tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury being practiced on naturally grown primary food plants like Terminalia arjuna, (Arjun) Terminalia tomentosa (Asan), and Shorea robusta (Sal) available in the tropical forests of central India, at times, is seriously affected by the disease- Pebrine, caused by Nosema sp., a microsporidian pathogen. The present investigation on comparative larval, silk gland weight and also cocoon parameters in Pebrine-free and Pebrine-infected ecorace of tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury (Daba TV), illustrates the tasar silkworm larvae infected with pebrine disease causing heavy losses to the economy of the silk industry.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.28-34
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• 1986

The general combining ability (GCV), the specific combining ability (SCA) and the reciprocal combining ability (RCA) effects wereobtained by 8$\times$8 diallel crosses of the silkworms with four Japanese races and four Chinese races, total eight lines. The result are as follows ; 1. The general combining ability (GVA) effects appeared high significant level in the total and the fifth instar periods (TP, FP), a female and a male cocoon weights (FW, MW), a female and a male cocoon layer weights (FL, ML) and a female and a male cocoon layer ratios (FR, MR). Only the reciprocal combining ability (RCA) effects appeared high significant level in the total and the fifth instar periods (TP, FP). 2. The Japanese original silkworm lines varied in the general combining ability effects from -0.864 to 0.578, and the Chinese original silkworm lines did in ones from -0.570 to 1.018. 3. The specific combining ability effects of the silkworm lines made in order of the crossing types of JL (Japanese lines) $\times$CL (Chinese lines)>CL$\times$JL>JL$\times$JL> CL$\times$CL in a total cocoon weights and a cocoon layer weights. 4. The reciprocal combining ability effects of the silkworm lines was in order of the crossing types of JL$\times$CL>JL$\times$JL> CL$\times$CL>CL$\times$JL in a total cocoon weights and cocoon layer weights.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2003

The present investigation was carried out to study the possible cause for reciprocal difference in silkworm hybrids. By utilising the polyvoltine race Pure Mysore (PM) and newly evolved breeds (CSR2, CSR5, CSR16 and CSR17), the direct and reciprocal crosses of polyvoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine and also bivoltine hybrids were studied. The hybrids of polyvoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine (direct) are superior to their reciprocal crosses in respect of cocoon yield, cocoon weight and filament length. The reciprocal crosses of polyvoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine are superior to their direct crosses in respect of fecundity and short larval duration. No significant differences were observed in the characters like cocoon shell ratio, raw silk percentage, denier, reelability and neatness in both polyvoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine direct crosses and their reciprocals. The expression of cocoon characters as a function of sex revealed that direct crosses (polyvoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine) showed higher cocoon weight, pupal weight, shell weight and longer filament length in females than the reciprocal crosses (bivoltine ${\times}$ polyvoltine), where as these characters in males were almost the same in both direct and reciprocal crosses, indicating that the sex-linked genetic factor played a more important role. it was clear that difference in cocoon yield observed in reciprocal crosses of polyvoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine was due to the low cocoon and shell weight in females which was turn due to presence of early maturity genes (Lme) linked with sex-chromosome (X) which effect on larvae period of the silkworm. In bivoltine hybrids, i.e., both direct and their reciprocals crosses, all the characters viz., hatching percentage, larval duration, survival, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio, raw silk percentage, filament length, denier, reelability and neatness did not show any significant difference (except number of eggs laid by moth) which could account for presence of same maturity genes (Lm) in both direct and reciprocal crosses. it was clear that reciprocal differences occur when the hybrids are prepared from the parental strains with different voltinism.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2011

본 연구는 기능성 물질인 누에고치 분말, 동충하초 분말과 CLA의 단독 혹은 혼합 첨가가 산란 노계 가슴살에서 회수한 단백질을 이용하여 명태 연육을 20% 대체한 크래미의 저장 중 이화학적 및 조직학적 특성을 분석한 결과이다. pH 및 백색도를 나타내는 W는 누에고치 및 동충하초 분말을 함께 첨가한 T2에서 유의적으로 높게 나타난 반면, 전단력은 T2가 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 명도를 나타내는 $L^*$과 탄력성에서는 누에고치 분말을 첨가한 T1이 가장 높았으며, 적색도를 나타내는 $a^*$, 황색도를 나타내는 $b^*$ 및 파괴 강도에서는 T1이 다른 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 표면경도와 부착성에서는 동충하초 분말과 CLA를 함께 첨가한 T3에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 파괴 강도 및 겔 강도에서는 T2와 T3가 높았다(p<0.05). 따라서 본 실험은 산란 노계 가슴살 회수단백질을 이용하여 명태 연육을 대체하며 제조한 크래미에 누에고치 분말과 동충하초 분말을 함께 첨가하며 생산한다면 크래미의 품질 특성 평가에 있어 중요한 항목으로 구분되는 백색도와 겔 강도를 향상시키고, 전단력을 감소시켜 안정적인 조직과 높은 연도를 가진 제품의 생산이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 이와 더불어 누에고치와 동충하초가 가진 항암과 항산화 효과 및 뇌 기능의 활성화 등 다양한 생리 활성 효과를 함유한 기능성 크래미를 제조 판매 할 수 있어 소비자의 구매 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.