• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.70-76
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• 2012

This paper deal with vehicle fire caused by damage of diesel particulate filter (DPF) on diesel passenger vehicles. In order to reduce particulate matters included exhaust gases, a DPF in the exhaust system were installed diesel vehicles. A DPF was broken by excessively trapped particulate matters, regeneration error with a malfunction of ECU and defect of suction system such as swirl valve. If the DPF was broken, hot exhaust gases was released to the bottom of vehicle and released hot exhaust gases lead to occur the fire through combustible materials around the exhaust system. When a fire happened in the diesel vehicle caused by damage of DPF, silicate inorganic compounds were attached to the exhaust ventilation pipe and muffler. The silicate inorganic compounds were created by DPF combustion consisting of raw material ceramics. If the silicate inorganic compounds attached to the tail pipe in the diesel passenger vehicles, its fire cause will be assumed damage of DPF.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.259-262
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• 2012

Recently, as the national policy of green growth is promoted, construction field also makes an effort to reduce CO₂ gas released when producing cement continuously. In other words, as the method solving environmental pollution and resources exhaustion, lots of mineral material compounds such as blast furnace slag powder which is industrial by-product, fly ash, red mud, etc. are examined to bo used as the substitute good of cement Therefore this study is to investigate the hardening characteristics of alumino-silicate inorganic binder using red-mud used as a accelerator of industrial by-product such as fly ash and blast furnace slag powder according to curing temperature. As a result, it is effective to use red-mud as the accelerator of inorganic binder with other additory accelerators.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.67-68
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• 2007

Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)로 형성된 gel의 film 형성 특성을 증가시키기 위하여 (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS)와 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTEOS)를 추가한 유기-무기 복합 용액을 제조하였다. 화강암과 사암에 적용한 후, 접촉 각 및 고형화 시간, silicate의 함유량, 수분 흡수율 및 석재에 적용되었을 때의 공극률 변화를 측정하여 silicate를 기본으로 하는 복합제의 특성을 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.224-231
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• 2005

The polymerization of $\varepsilon-caprolactone$ in the layers of the [DEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex was attempted using 10-Carboxy-n-decyldimethylethylammonium bromide and Na-Montmorillonite to achieve [DEACOOH]-Polycaprolactone-Montmorillonite in which the inorganic material (montmorillonite) and the organic material (polycaprolactone) are chemically linked each other. The results of X-ray- and IR-analysis for the samples obtained after polymerization showed that the polymerization reaction has been successfully accomplished. In order to study the polymeric reaction products more precisely we have separated the polymerized product from the silicate layers and analyzed it with X-ray diffractometer, IR-spectrometer and TEM. The comparison of the results of X-ray- and IR-analysis for the separated polymer with them for the polymer which was synthesized by the reaction of $\varepsilon-caprolactone$ only with the organic cation without montmorillonite showed that the obtained both polymers are the same compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.43 no.4 s.287
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• pp.207-212
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• 2006

[ ${\varepsilon}-caprolactam$ ] was polymerized in the layers of the [DEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex at high temperatures ranging from 250% to 260% formed from Na-Montmorillonite and 10-Carboxy-n-decyldimethylethylammonium bromide to achieve [DEACOOH]-Polycaprolactam-Montmorillonite, in which an inorganic polymer (montmorillonite) is chemically combined with an organic polymer (polycaprolactam). The results of X-ray and IR analyses for the samples obtained after polymerization showed that the polymerization reaction was successfully accomplished. For the purpose of studying the polymeric reaction product more precisely, the polymerized product was separated from the silicate layers and analyzed with an X-ray diffractometer and an IR-spectrometer. A comparison of the results of the X-ray and IR analyses of the separated polymer and the polymer that was synthesized by the reaction of ${\varepsilon}-caprolactam$ solely with the organic cation without montmorillonite showed that the obtained both polymers are identical compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2010

The serious issue of tall building is to ensure the fire-resistance of high strength concrete. The fire resistant finishing method is necessarily essential in order to satisfy the fire resistance time of 3 h required by the law. The fire resistant finishing method is installed by applying a fire resistant material as a method of shotcrete or a fire resistant board to high strength concrete surface. This method can reduce the temperature increase of the reinforcement embedded in high strength concrete at high temperature due to the installation thickness control. This study is interested in identifying the effectiveness of inorganic alumino-silicate compounds including the inorganic admixture such as fly ash and meta-kaolin as the fire resistant finishing materials through the analysis of fire resistance and components properties at high temperature. The study results show that the fire resistant finishing material composed of fly ash and meta-kaolin has the thermal stability of the slight decrease of compressive strength at high temperature. These thermal stability is caused by the ceramic binding capacity induced by alkali activation reaction by the reason of the thermal analysis result not showing the decomposition of calcium hydrate. Inorganic compounds composed of fly ash and meta-kaolin is evaluated to be very effective as the fire resistance material for finishing to protect the concrete substrate by the reason of those simplicity in both application and manufacture. The additional study about the adhesion in the interface with concrete substrate is necessary for the purpose of the practical application.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.330-333
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term fertilization on the yield and quality of soybean. The yield of soybean was highest in the NPK+lime $1.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ treatment. Carbohydrate content of soybean was high in the non-fertilizer treatment and crude protein content was high in the NPK+lime $1.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and NPK+silicate $1.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ treatment, and crude lipid and ash content was high in the NPK+silicate $1.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ treatment. The content of inorganic compounds were not different among treatments. Correlation between $P_2O_5$/T-N and carbohydrate, crude lipid was $-0.99^{**}$, $-0.94^{**}$ respectively. Correlation between Mn and carbohydrate was $0.95^*$, but others were not significantly different. Yield of soybean increased with lime application and protein content increased with silicate application.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.639-646
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• 2007

This study performed several tests for the durability of the concrete coated with nano synthesis ceramics which do not contain volatile organic compounds harmful to environment. The tests were adhesion test on dry and humid concrete, SEM test, MIP analysis, carbonation, chloride diffusion by electronic facilitation, freezing-thawing resistance, alkaline resistance, and brine resistance test. In the adhesion test on dry and humid concrete, nano synthesis ceramics coating produced the highest results among all the coatings tested. Nano synthesis ceramics adhered solidly on the concrete surface. The adhesive strength seemed to result from the hydrogen bond between nano synthesis ceramics which are inorganic and generated by hydrolysis and re-condensation reaction and the concrete's hydrates such as calcium silicate aluminate or calcium silicate hydrate. SEM test and MIP analysis results show surface structure with finest crevices pore in the nano synthesis ceramics coating applied concretes. In the carbonation, chloride diffusion, and freezing-thawing resistance tests, the concretes with nano synthesis ceramics coating indicated the best results. Based on these test results, further progress in application of nano synthesis ceramics coatings to various concrete structures including costal structures and sewerage arrangements can be expected.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.181-195
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• 2016

Addition of nano-$SiO_2$ (NS) to geopolymer composites has been studied through measurement of compressive strengths, FTIR and XRD analysis. Alumino-silicate materials are coarse aggregate included waste concrete and demolished walls with its cementing binder, cement kiln dust (CKD) used and can possess a pronouncing activation for the geopolymer reaction resulting from the high alkali contents within. Materials prepared at water/binder ratios in a range of 0.30: 0.40 under curing of $40^{\circ}C$ and 100% Relative Humidity (R.H.), while the used activator is sodium hydroxide in the ratio of 2 wt. %. First, CKD is added in the ratio from 10 up to 50 wt., %, and the demolished walls was varied depending on the used CKD content, while using constant ratio of waste concrete (40 wt., %). Second step, depending on the optimum CKD ratio resulted from the first one (40 wt. %), so the control geopolymer mix composed of cement kiln dust, demolished walls and waste concrete in the ratio (40:20:40, wt %). Nano-silica partially replaced waste concrete by 1 up to 8%. Results indicated that, compressive strengths of geopolymer mixes incorporating nano-silica were obviously higher than those control one, especially at early ages and specially with 3%NS.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.475-479
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• 1999

Langasite ($La_{3}Ga_{5}SiO_{14}$) was found to have wide application as a promising piezoelectric material. It has high thermal stability of the frequency and large electromechanical coupling factor. For the further development of new compounds with langasite type structure, powders in the La-Al-Si-O system were synthesized by a modified Pechini process. The evolution of the crystalline phase during calcination was studied using TG-DTA, XRD and TEM for the precursor powders. Decomposition proceeded via dehydration and removal of excess solvents at low temperatures ($T<500^{\circ}C$), followed by the crystallization of lanthanum aluminum silicate ($T>800^{\circ}C$) and phase transformation to $LaAlO_{3}$ phase ($T>1200^{\circ}C$). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the calcined powders showed diffuse hollow rings corresponding to an amorphous phase at $800^{\circ}C$ and clear diffraction patterns corresponding to a crystalline phase from the P321 space group ($T<1200^{\circ}C$) and the R3m ($T<1200^{\circ}C$).