• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.239-250
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• 2002

Evaluation works of oat in mixture with rye on forage yield have not been reported. The objective of this study was to determine yield and quality of forage mixture as affected by maturity of rye cultivar and oat-rye seeding rate at Suweon from 1999 to 2000. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Main plots consisted of maturity of rye. such as early(cv. Koolgrazer) and late(cv. Kodiak)maturing cultivars. Sub-plots consisted of seeding rate (T1: Oat 2000 and rye 0kg/ha, Ts: Oat 150 and rye 40kg/ha, T3: Oat100 and rye 80kg/ha, T4: Oat50 and rye 120kg/ha. and T5: Oat0 and rye 160kg/ha). Crude protein(CP) content of oat-rye mixture harvested in the fall was not influenced by maturity of rye cultivar, but that of oat-rye mixture was increased from 13.6 to 19.3% as the seeding rate of rye increased(P<0.05), however, maturity of rye cultivar significantly affected CP content of oat-rye mixture in the spring(P<0.01). Acid detergent fiber(ADF) content of oat-rye mixture harvested in the spring was not significantly affected by rye cultivar, but the ADF was decreased from 27.8 to 20.7% as the seeding rate of rye increased(P$<$0.01). When rye was harveste in the spring, ADF content of late maturing cultivar 'Kodiak' was shown as 28.0%. This was lower than that of early maturing cultivar 'Koolgrazer' which was shown as 35.8%(P$<$0.01). Among treatments, neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) of oat-rye mixture showed a similar trend made on ADF. In this experiment, the highest forage yield (12.356kg/ha) was obtained from early maturing rye cultivar and seeding rates of 100kg/ha of oat and 80kg/ha of rye mixture. A significant interaction between maturity of rye cultivar and seeding rate was found(P$<$0.01). The above results indicate that an early maturing rye cultivar at the seeding rate of 100kd/ha in mixtures with 80kg/ha of oat could be recommended as a succeeding cropping system after corn for silage.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2011

'Youho' (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new ruminant-palatable forage barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2008. It was derived from the cross between 'Suwon339' and 'Suwon355'. Among the cross made in 1999, a promising line, SB992047-B-B-B-6-2, showed good characteristics in potential forage yield in the yield trial tested at Iksan from 2005 to 2006. In 2007, it was designated as 'Iksan431' and placed in regional yield trials at eight locations in Korea for two years from 2007 to 2008, and was released as the name of 'Youho'. It has the growth habit of group II, erect plant type, green leaf and hood spike. Its average heading and maturing dates were on Apr. 24 and May 26, respectively, which are similar to check cultivar 'Yuyeon'. 'Youho' also showed weaker winter hardiness, but better resistance to lodging, shattering and BaYMV than those of check cultivar. It showed higher crude protein content, grade of silage quality than those of check cultivar. The average forage dry matter yield in the regional yield trial was about 14.1, $10.9MT\;ha^{-1}$ in upland and paddy field, respectively, which were 1% to 4% lower than that of the check cultivar. This cultivar would be suitable for the area whose daily minimum temperature was above $-8^{\circ}C$ in January in Korean peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2023

In order to select high-quality winter cereal crops with high yield and to increase self-sufficiency rate of forage, their growth, yield, and feeding value of several cereal crops cultivated in winter were investigated in the paddy field of the southern region. Four wheat cultivars and green barley headed in early and mid-April, while oat and Italian ryegrass headed in early May. Fresh forage yields of wheats, green barley, and oat were significantly higher than that of Italian ryegrass, and dry forage yields of wheats and green barley were significantly higher than those of not only Italian ryegrass but also oat. In particular, the yield of a wheat cultivar 'Cheongwoo' was the highest. Mineral contents of wheat forages, even though low, were in the range 27.8~33.7mg·g^-1 DW suitable for feeding cattle and young female cows. Crude protein content of a wheat cultivar 'Cheongwoo' was high up to 7.6%, similarly to 7.0% requiring for feeding cattle. Feeding values such as total digestible nutrients (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV) of wheats and green barley were superior to those of oat and Italian ryegrass. In addition, dry matter rates of 4 wheat cultivars and green barley were in the range 30~40%, indicating that wheat cultivars and green barley could be used for various feeding purposes such as green or dried forage, and silage. Based on these results, wheat cultivars including 'Cheongwoo' and green barley could be encouraged to be cultivated in paddy fields, as high-quality winter forage crops with high yield.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.359-368
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• 2007

Holstein cows(n=12) were assigned to one of three diets containing control diet and diets containing a microbial culture, 50ml(T1) and 100ml(T2) SDN(R)(amicrobial culture), per day. The basal diet containing concentrate mixture, corn silage and timothy hay were fed midlactating cows for 12 weeks. Milk production tended to be higher for cows fed T2 diet (20.8kg/day) than fed T1(19.7kg/d) and control diet (19.2kg/day).  There was a tendency of an increase in 4% FCM for cows fed T2 diet(19.6kg/day) than T1(18.8kg/d) and control diet(18.4kg/day). Milk components were not found to be different between cows fed control diet and SDN(R) diets. There was a tendency an increase in milk protein for cows fed control diet(3.43%) compared with microbial diets, T1 and T2(3.08% and 3.20%). However, milk protein production was not significantly different between control diet(0.65kg/d) and T1(0.61kg/d) or T2(0.67kg/d). Somatic cell counts for cows fed T1(72,000) and T2(60,000/ml) were lower than cows fed control diet (108,000/ml) (P<0.05). In conclusion, the cows that were fed diets containing SDN(R) as a microbial culture resulted a tendency of an increase in milk production and a reduction of somatic cell counts which indicates improved milk quality and hygiene.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2002

NC+4880, a forage com hybrid, is bred by NC+hybrids Co. in US, and Gast 8396 IT is by Garst Seeds Co. We have tested these two cultivars in Suwon and Chonan over three years to test their regional yield trial. Through above experiments, the excellence is testified, in result, they are determined as new recommended cultivars by NACF. The main characteristics of these cultivars are as tallows ; 1. NC+4880 a. The seed coat is yellow, the mean tasseling date is 7th of July and it takes about 74 days from emergence to tasseling date. This hybrid is a day ahead and the culm length is 242 cm, moreless shorter comparing with a check hybrid, Suwon 19. The ear height 117 cm which is short and its stay green is moderate. b. It shows resistance to H maydis, and MBSDV is barely observed and its stay green is moderate. c. The fresh yield, dry matter yield, and TDN yield per a ha are 55.4 tons, 18.3 tons, 12.4 tons, respectively, which are increased by 6%, 7%, and 9%, respectively, comparing with a check hybrid, Suwon 19. The percent ear among total dry matter yield is 50.9%. 2. Garst 8396 IT a. The seed coat is yellow, the mean tasseling date is 9th of July and it takes about 76 days from emergence to tasseling date. This hybrid represent a day delayed compared with a check hybrid, Suwon 19. The Culm length and the ear height are 275 cm, and 138 cm, respectively. b. It resists moderately to H. maydis, and highly resists to lodging in the field conditions. MBSDV is barely observed and its stay green is moderate. c. The fresh yield per a ha is 64.9 tons, dry matter yield, 20.9 tons, and TDN, 13.8 tons, respectively, which are increased by 25%, 23%, and 22% comparing with a check hybrid, Suwon 19. The percent ear among total dry matters is 43.3%.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2015

"Youhan" (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new whole-crop barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2012. Youhan has the growth habit of III, a light green and mid-sized leaf, hooded and lax-type spikes. The cultivar showed 107 cm of culm length, 641 spikes per $m^2$. The heading date of Youhan was May 1, which is one day later than that of the check cultivar "Yuyeon" in upland, and 2 days earlier than that of Yuyeon in paddy field. The maturation time was similar to check cultivar Yuyeon on June 4 in upland and May 31 in paddy field. In terms of winter hardiness and resistance to lodging and disease, Youhan also performed better than the check cultivar. The average forage dry matter (DM) yield in the regional yield trial was approximately 12.6 ton $ha^{-1}$ and 12.0 ton $ha^{-1}$ in upland and paddy field, respectively, which were 6% and 5% higher than that of the check. The yield also showed 7.3% of crude protein, 26.8% of ADF (acid detergent fiber), 47.8% of NDF (neutral detergent fiber), 67.7% of TDN (total digestible nutrients), and a higher grade of silage quality for the whole-crop barley. Fall sowing cropping of Youhan is recommended only in those areas where the average daily minimum-mean temperatures in January are higher than $-8^{\circ}C$, and it should not be cultivated in mountainous areas of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

"Nokyang" (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new whole-crop silage barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Korea in 2012. It was derived from combining "Nagyoung" and breeding line "SB77368-B-145". Among the combinations made in 2001, a promising line, "SB01T2017", showed good characteristics in terms of potential forage yield in the yield trial at Iksan from 2007 to 2009. In 2009, the promising line was designated as "Iksan457" and placed in regional yield trials at six locations around Korea for three years from 2010 to 2012, and was released under the name of "Nokyang." It has the growth habit of a group III creeping plant type, with a light-green leaf and common spike. Its average heading and maturing dates were on May 6 and June 4, respectively, which were later than cultivar "Youngyang." "Nokyang" also showed strong winter hardiness, and a resistance to shattering and barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) similar to those of the check cultivar. The best thing among the traits of one is a new good quality with the plant green at the latter growing period. The average forage dry matter (DM) yields in the regional yield trial were about 12.8 and 11.5 MT $ha^{-1}$ in upland and paddy field, respectively, which were higher than those of the check cultivar, by 7% and 2%, respectively. This cultivar would be suitable for an area of the Korean peninsula where the daily minimum temperature in January is above $-8^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2013

This study was performed on two groups (10 cows) for primiparous Holstein lactating cows (av. 98 days in milk : DIM) which were divided into low forage diet (LF) and high forage diet (HF) groups based on forage : concentrate ratio (F : C ratio). The F : C ratios of LF and HF groups were 37:63 and 62:38, respectively. Concentrate intake was significantly higher in the LF group than the HF group whereas the HF group showed higher forage intake (12.9 kg) compared to the LF group (7.4 kg) (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in total feed intake between the HF (20.9 kg) and LF (19.4 kg) group (p>0.05), but the HF group tended to be higher. CP, TDN and NEL intake showed no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Though, there was no significant difference on actual milk between the two groups (26 vs. 23.9 kg/d, p>0.05), the LF group tended to be higher. 4% FCMs of LF and HF groups were 22.8 and 22.3 kg/d, respectively, and showed no significant difference (p>0.05). The HF group was higher in fat content and lower in MUN. C14:0, C16:0 and C16:1n7 of milk fatty acid were significantly higher in the HF group (p<0.05), but there were no differences in other milk fatty acids between the two groups. As a result, increasing high quality forage such as BIRG silage and hay in the diet will not only fulfill nutrient requirements but also reduce milk production.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2012

'Joseong', a winter forage triticale cultivar (X Triticosecale Wittmack), was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2010. The cultivar 'Joseong' was selected from the cross FAHAD_5/RHINO1R.1D 5+10 5D'5B'//FAHAD_5 by CIMMYT (Mexico) in 1992. Subsequent generations were handled in pedigree selection program at Mexico from 1993 to 1998, and a line 'CTSS92Y-A-4Y-0M-5Y-0B' was selected for earliness and good agronomic characteristics. After preliminary and advance yield test in Korea for 2 years, the line designated as a line name of 'Iksan26'. The 'Iksan26' was subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield in 7 different locations such as Jeju, Iksan, Cheongwon, Yesan, Naju, Daegu, and Jinju from 2008 to 2010 and finally named as 'Joseong'. The cultivar 'Joseong' has characteristics of dark green leaf, yellow culm and spike, and large grain of yellowish brown color. The heading date of cultivar 'Joseong' was April 24, which was 5 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Shinyoung'. It showed better tolerance or resistance to lodging, wet injury, powdery mildew, and leaf rust than those of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung'. The average forage dry matter yield of cultivar 'Joseong' at milk-ripe stage was 14.5 MT $ha^{-1}$, which was lower than 16.5 MT $ha^{-1}$ of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung'. The silage quality of 'Joseong' (5.3%) was lower to the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' (6.0%) in crude protein content, while was 2.1% superior to the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' (61.9%) in TDN (total digestible nutrients). It showed 5.1 MT $ha^{-1}$ of grain yield, which was 40% higher than that of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' (3.65 MT $ha^{-1}$). This cultivar is recommended for fall sowing crop in the area where daily minimum mean temperatures are averaged higher than $-10^{\circ}C$ in January, and as a winter crop using whole crop forage before planting rice in around Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2016

'Shinseong', a winter forage triticale cultivar (X Triticosecale Wittmack), was developed at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2015. The cultivar 'Shinseong' was selected from the cross RONDO/2$^*$ERIZO_11//KISSA_4/3/ASNO/ARDI_3//ERIZO_7 by CIMMYT (Mexico) in 1998. Subsequent generations were handled in pedigree selection programs at Mexico from 1999 to 2004, and a line 'CTSS98Y00019S-0MXI-B-3-3-5' was selected for earliness and good agronomic characteristics. After preliminary and advance yield testing in Korea for 3 years, the line was designated 'Iksan47'. The line was subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield in seven locations, Jeju, Iksan, Cheongwon, Yesan, Gangjin, Daegu, and Jinju from 2013 to 2015 and was finally named 'Shinseong'. Cultivar 'Shinseong' has the characteristics of light green leaves, yellow culm and spike, and a medium grain of brown color. The heading date of cultivar 'Shinseong' was April 24 which was 3 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Shinyoung'. The tolerance or resistance to lodging, wet injury, powdery mildew, and leaf rust of 'Shinseong' were similar to those of the check cultivar. The average forage dry matter yield of cultivar 'Shinseong' at milk-ripe stages was $15MT\;ha^{-1}$, which was 3% lower than that ($15.5MT\;ha^{-1}$) of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung'. The silage quality of 'Shinseong' (6.7%) was higher than that of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' (5.9%) in crude protein content, while was similar to the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' in acid detergent fiber (34.6%), neutral detergent fiber (58.6%), and total digestible nutrients (61.6%). It showed grain yield of $7.2MT\;ha^{-1}$ which was 25% higher than that of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' ($5.8MT\;ha^{-1}$). This cultivar is recommended for fall sowing forage crops in areas in which average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than $-10^{\circ}C$.