• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding order bay-concentrate-silage, concentratehay- silage, silage-concentrate-hay, silage-concentrate-hay, concentrate-silage-hay) on ruminal characteristics change with 3 fistulated dry Holstein cows in a Latin square design. The main results obtained were as follows : DM intake in forage hayconcentrate-silage feeding order was 1.65% of body weight, which is the highest of all treatments, but that in concentrate-hay-silage 1.4%, which is the lowest. The difference between max and min rumen pH in hayconcentrate-silage feeding order was lowest as 0.55, but there is no significant. The mean rumen $NH_3N$ content in silage-concentrate-hay feeding order was highest as 6.12mg/100ml, but that in silageconcentrate-hay feeding order lowest as 4.82mg/100ml. Acetic acid and propionic acid content was highest in forage hay-concentrate-silage feeding order. but there is no significant. The ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid averaged 3.47~3.69(NS). In conclusion, the best feeding order fitted in ruminal physiology was forage hay-concentrate-silage.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1983

가을 김장철에 일시적으로 생산되는 채소잎으로 품질이 좋은 양질 Silage를 생산하기 위하여 본 시험을 실시 하였으며 시험구를 6개구로 설치하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 1. 채소잎70%, 볏짚20,% 맥강10% 혼합구가 Silage질이 가장 좋았고 유기산 생성량도 많고 낙산 함량은 없었으며 타구에 비하여 가장 우수하였다. 2. 맥강을 첨가한구는 첨가치 않은 구에 비하여 기호성이 좋았고 조단백질 함량도 높았다. 3. 유기산 조성에의한 Silage품질은 총 산함량에 비하여 낙산 생성이 최하 $0{\sim}120%$ 정도로 나타냈고 반면 양질의 Silage 조제에 필요한 유기산 함량은 $53{\sim}90%$로 양호하였고 PH는 기대 한바 보다 높았다. 4. 외관상으로 볼 때 색깔, 냄새, 촉감 등이 양호한 편이고 기호성도 좋았다. 결론적으로 채소잎은 훌륭한 Silage의 재료이다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1991

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of propionic acid and wilting on fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass silage. Grass material was wilted for a day before ensiling and propionic acid(0. 0, 0. 2. 0. 5 and 0.8 7~ of fresh matter) was applicated at ensiling time. Chemical composition, fermentation acids, pH, microbial population and distribution of the nitrogen contents were evaluated. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The contents of dry matter and water soluble carbohydrate in the silage were increased by wilting, and crude fibre, NDF and ADF were decreased with increasing propionic acid levels. 2. The pH values of the silage increased by increasing DM content, but decreased with increasing propionic acid levels. Lactic acid content lowed in wilted silage, and acetic acid and butyric acid formation were decreased with increasing propionic acid levels. 3. Total nitrogen content in the silage was i n ~ r e a s e d ( ~ < . 05) by addition of propionic acid and wilting, and was the highest in the prewilting-0.8 Q propionic acid applicated silage. The production of NHBN was decreased with propionic acid and was the lowest in the 0.8 % treated silage. 4. The number of total bacteria and yeasts were estimated $10^6~10^7$, $10^2~10^3$ respectively. Moulds number were decreased with increasing propionic acid levels.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1995

A simple conservation technique baled silage making of selected froage materials was discussed in Suwon and in Muan county during 1991 - 1992. Eleven species of forage crops and pasture grasses(maize. sorghum, pearl millet, barnyardgrass, rye, barley, spring oat, Italian ryegrass, orchardgrass, alfalfa and grass-legume pasture mixtures) were harvested at different growth stage from young plant to maturity and baled in a self constructed square baling chamber, and wrapped in a 0.05mm thick polyethylene plastic film. Each bales measured by 90cm long, 60cm wide and 50cm height and weighted between 15~20kg in dry matter basis. physio-molphologcal characteristics of the plants, leaf weight ratio(LWR), leaf area ratio(LAR), stalk ratio (SR), stalk hardness(SH) and other growth parameters, were analysed and were used as a parameter to evaluate the suitability of materials for baling. Italian ryegrass including orchardgrass, alfalfa and pasture mixtures produced high quality baled silage. Silage quality point(F1ieg-point) of Italian ryegrass was improved from 63 point in crushed custom silage to 75 piont in baled silage. Meterial of grass-legume pasture mixtures showed 55 point in crushed silage and 67 point in baled silage. Fodder rye, barley, spring oat and barnyardgrass were also evaluated as a good materials for baled silage making. On the other hand, meize including sorghum and peral millet were evaluated as a not suitable materals for baling due to its high value of SR and SH. Quality of maize was excellent with 88 point in clushed silage and medium with 47 point in baled silage making.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.471-478
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• 2012

The role of moisture absorptive capacity of pre-silage material and its relationship with silage effluent in high moisture by-product feedstuffs (HMBF) is assessed. The term water retention capacity which is sometimes used in explaining the rate of effluent control in ensilage may be inadequate, since it accounts exclusively for the capacity of an absorbent incorporated into a pre-silage material prior to ensiling, without consideration to how much the pre-silage material can release. A new terminology, 'potential water retention capacity' (PWRC), which attempts to address this shortcoming, is proposed. Data were pooled from a series of experiments conducted separately over a period of five years using laboratory silos with four categories of agro by-products (n = 27) with differing moisture contents (highest 96.9%, lowest 78.1% in fresh matter, respectively), and their silages (n = 81). These were from a vegetable source (Daikon, Raphanus sativus), a root tuber source (potato pulp), a fruit source (apple pomace) and a cereal source (brewer's grain), respectively. The pre-silage materials were adjusted with dry in-silo absorbents consisting wheat straw, wheat or rice bran, beet pulp and bean stalks. The pooled mean for the moisture contents of all pre-silage materials was 78.3% (${\pm}10.3$). Silage effluent decreased (p<0.01), with increase in PWRC of pre-silage material. The theoretical moisture content and PWRC of pre-silage material necessary to stem effluent flow completely in HMBF silage was 69.1% and 82.9 g/100 g in fresh matter, respectively. The high correlation (r = 0.76) between PWRC of ensiled material and silage effluent indicated that the latter is an important factor in silage-effluent relationship.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.358-363
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• 2011

To investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the quality of tropical grass silage, guinea grass grown with 3 types of nitrogen fertilizers, namely, urea, ammonium sulfate, and compound fertilizer 804, at 2 fertilization levels, 0.5 and 2.5 kg $Na^{-1}$ (0.5 N and 2.5 N, respectively), was subjected to silage fermentation. Silage fertilized with 0.5 N showed butyrate-dominant fermentation, irrespective of the type of fertilizer used. On the other hand, fermentation of silage fertilized with 2.5 N was significantly affected by the type of fertilizer used; fertilization with ammonium sulfate and compound fertilizer 804 resulted in silage that contained a large amount of butyrate and no lactate; this silage was considered to be of a significantly low quality as compared with silage fertilized with 0.5 N. Among silage fertilized with 2.5 N, the desirable butyrate-free fermentation was found only in urea-fertilized silage, which had the best quality. Grass material fertilized with a high level of urea accumulated a relatively high concentration of nitrate nitrogen (0.22% dry matter). Our results presented here suggest that nitrogen fertilizer management could affect the quality of tropical grass silage and that a relatively high concentration of nitrate in silage may promote butyrate-free fermentation even in tropical grass silage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.386-389
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• 2006

Silage is a major component of cattle rations, so the improvement of silage quality by the inoculation of lactic acid bacteria is of great interest. In this study, commercially distributed Lactobacillus plantram and Lactobacillus rhamnousas NGRI 0110 were used for ensilaging of guinea grass. The four treatments used were a control silage, a silage with cellulase addition, a silage with cellulose+L. plantram addition, and a silage with cellulose + NGRI 0110 addition. Silage quality, voluntary intake, nutrient digestibility, and the characteristics of ruminal fluid of wethers were investigated. Silage to which lactic acid bacteria were added showed low pH and acetic acid concentration and the highest lactic acid content. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility were significantly (p<0.05) increased by cellulase addition and significantly (p<0.05) higher values were observed in L. plantram- and NGRI 0110-added silage. Voluntary intake of NGRI 0110-added silage was the highest and that of control silage was the lowest. We concluded that the observed ability of NGRI 0110 to tolerate low pH and to continue lactic acid fermentation in high lactic acid concentration had also occurred in actual ensilaging. The results indicate that the addition of lactic acid bacteria might improve silage quality and increase digestibility and voluntary intake. The potential for improvement by NGRI 0110 was higher than that to be gained by the use of commercially available lactic acid bacteria.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.265-276
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• 1997

This study was investigated the herbage productivity and nutrient contents of corn (Suweon 19 and Kwanganok) and sweet sorghum (Ramiki sorgo and Silage sorgo) at the stage of maturity (10-DBS, silking, milky and dough stages) to identify the utility value of sweet sorghum as a substituting crop for corn. The silage materials (dough stage) were chopped and were storaged for 90 days in polyethlene bag with O.lmm thickness. Chemical composition, nitrogen content and in vitm dry matter digestibility were evaluated. Also, daily intake and palatability were checked in the feeding trial with four male sheep in average weight about 57kg. Both fresh and dry matter yield of corn and sweet sorghum were increased as the maturity processed (P< 0.05), and sweet sorghum showed higher total yield potential than corn. Crude protein content of the cultivars was decreased as the maturity was processed (P< 0.05). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of the cultivars, in general, showed highest at silking stage, followed by 10 days before silking (10-DBS), and milky and dough stages (Pi0.05) in order. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) content was increased as the maturity processed, and it showed the highest value at milk stage. However, the contents of ADF in sorghum plant was decreased during the late maturity. Crude protein content of the silage was not significantly different among cultivars used, while NDF content was highest in Ramiki sorgo, followed by Silage sorgo, Kwanganok and Suweon 19. In v i m DM digestibility of the silage was highest in Kwanganok, followed by Suweon 19, Silage sorgo and Ramiki sorgo. Total N content of the silage was highest in Ramiki sorgo, followed by Suweon 19, Silage sorgo and Kwanganok. DM intake of the silage was highest in Ramiki sorgo, followed by Suweon 19, Silage sorgo and Kwanganok and it was closely related to the palatability value.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2004

In order to solve the shortage of roughage supply for dairy farm in Korea, the mechanized model system for the production of winter cereal wrap silage in the fellow paddy field was developed in the previous studies. In this study, storage properties after long term storing of the winter cereal wrap silage were investigated. Also, the qualities of the wrap silage which was stored during 4 months were evaluated by sensory testings, analyzing chemical properties(moisture content, pH and organic acids) and investigating the increase of feeding value. The result of this study were summarized as follows; 1. After 300 hours storage, the acid level of the silage decreased slowly to 4.6 -4.8 pH. Also, the temperature was stabilized around 27-28$^{\circ}C$. The silage having below 5.0 pH is a desirable level for the most of good silage. 2. According to the sensory test and chemical property analyzation it was evaluated as the first class silage like a com silage. 3. Also, when the wrap silage are fed to the cattle, the cattle produced milk more 25% than that of conventional feed. 4. As an overall conclusion, winter cereal wrap silage in the fallow paddy field cm be one of the major roughage source in replacement of com and other conventional silage to dairy cattle in Korea.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2012

본 연구는 수수 ${\times}$ 수수 교잡종의 원형 곤포 및 트렌치 사일리지의 부위에 따른 사료가치 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 천안에 위치한 국립축산과학원 자원개발부에서 수행되었다. 수수${\times}$ 수수 교잡종 SS405는 5월 초순에 파종한 다음 출수기에 수확하여 사일리지로 조제하였다. 원형 곤포사일리지의 조단백질, NDF 함량 및 in vitro 건물소화율은 트랜치 사일리지와 비슷한 수준을 보였으나 NDF 및 TDN 함량에서는 원형 곤포사일리지 보다 트랜치 사일리지에서 약간 증가하였다. 사일리지 부위별 조단백질 함량은 외부나 중간부위 보다 내부에서 약간의 감소를 보였으나(p<0.05), NDF, ADF 및 TDN 함량 및 in vitro 건물소화율에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 원형 곤포사일리지의 젖산 함량은 트랜치 사일리지 보다 유의적으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05) 초산 함량도 감소하는 경향을 보였을 뿐 유의차는 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 사일리지 부위별 젖산, 초산 및 낙산 함량은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다.