• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.254-259
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• 2014

The infrared signature of a ship is largely influenced by the ocean environment of the operating area, which has been known to cause large changes in the signature. As a result, the weather condition has to be clearly set for an analysis of the infrared signatures. It is necessary to analyze meteorological data for all the oceans where the ship is supposed to be operated. This is impossibly costly and time consuming because of the huge size of the data. Therefore, the creation of a standard environmental variable for an infrared signature research is necessary. In this study, we compared and analyzed sampling methods to represent ocean data close to the Korean peninsula. In order to perform this research, we collected ocean meteorological records from KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration), and sampled these in numerous ways considering five variables that are known to affect the infrared signature. Specifically, a simple random sampling method for all the data and 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D stratified sampling methods were compared and analyzed by considering the mean square errors for each method.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2018

In this paper, we studied on the sampling of ocean meteorological data to analyze signature of naval ships. The newest ocean meteorological data, that was quality controled by the Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA), was collected. Outliers were removed from the data by setting the usable range of data. After that, the data size was reduced through the random sampling method, taking geopolitical significance and effective area of buoy, for probabilistic analysis. Moreover, the sample sizes were set at 100, 200, and 400 by considering the population size and a 95% confidence level. The final sample was obtained using the two-dimensional stratified sampling method based on highly correlated water temperature and air temperature. The sum of the squared errors and the confidence interval was calculated to compare the result of sampling. As a result, this study proposed reasonable sample size for infra­red signature analysis of naval ships.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2014

This paper presents a new method of sampling the climatic data for infrared signature analysis. Historical hourly data from a stationary marine buoy of KMA(Korean Meteorological Administration) are used to select a small number of sample points (N=100) to adequately cover the range of statistics(PDF, CDF) displayed by the original data set (S=56,670). The method uses a coarse bin to subdivide the variable space ($3^5$=243 bins) to make sample points cover the original data range, and a single-point ranking system to select individual points so that uniform coverage (1/N = 0.01) is obtained for each variable. The principal component analysis is used to calculate a joint probability of the coupled climatic variables. The selected sample data show good agreement to the original data set in statistical distribution and they will be used for statistical analysis of infrared signature and susceptibility of naval ships.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.3911-3924
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• 2016

Compared to the classical cryptography, lattice-based cryptography is more secure, flexible and simple, and it is believed to be secure against quantum computers. In this paper, an efficient signature scheme is proposed from the ring learning with errors (R-LWE), which avoids sampling from discrete Gaussians and has the characteristics of the much simpler description etc. Then, the scheme is implemented in C/C++ and makes a comparison with the RSA signature scheme in detail. Additionally, a linearly homomorphic signature scheme without trapdoor is proposed from the R-LWE assumption. The security of the above two schemes are reducible to the worst-case hardness of shortest vectors on ideal lattices. The security analyses indicate the proposed schemes are unforgeable under chosen message attack model, and the efficiency analyses also show that the above schemes are much more efficient than other correlative signature schemes.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.383-388
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• 2019

It is essential to reduce the Infra-red signature for increasing ship's survivability in ship design stage. However the ship's IR signature is quite sensitive to the maritime and atmosphere. Therefore, it is very important to select the marine meteorological data to be applied to the signature analysis. In this study, we selected the three meteorological sample sets from the population of the Korea Meteorological Administration's marine environment data in 2017. These samples were selected through the two-dimensional stratified sampling method, taking into account the geopolitical threats of the Korean peninsula and the effective area of the buoy. These sample sets were applied to three naval ships classified by their tonnage, and then the IR signature analysis was performed to derive the Contrast Radiant Intensity (CRI) values. Based on the CRI values, the validity of each sample set was determined by comparing Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF), and Probability Density Function (PDF). Also, we checked the degree of scattering in each sample set and determined the efficiency of analysis time and cost according to marine meteorological sample sets to confirm the possibility of a probabilistic method. Through this process, we selected the standard for optimization of marine meteorological sample for ship IR signature analysis. Based on this optimization sample, by applying probabilistic method to the management of IR signature for naval ships, the robust design is possible.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2011

According to proliferation of mobile devices, security threats have been continuously increased such as illegal or unintentional file transmission of important data to an external mass-storage device. Therefore, we propose a protection method to prohibit an illegal outflow to this device and implement this method. This method extracts signatures from random locations of important file and uses them to detect and block illegal file transmission. To get signatures, a target file is divided by extracting window size and more than one signatures are extracted in this area. To effective signature sampling, various extraction ways such as full, binomial distribution-based and dynamic sampling are implemented and evaluated. The proposed method has some advantages. The one is that an attacker cannot easily predict the signature and its extraction location. The other is that it doesn't need to modify original data to protect it. With the help of these advantages, we can say that this method can increase efficiency of easy-to-use and it is a proper way leakage prevention in a mobile device.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 2002

Precoder has been shown to be able to provide source diversity and design flexibility. In this paper we employ precoding techniques for block transmission based on a multirate filterbank structure. To accommodate multiuser communication with variable data rates, different precoders with corresponding coefficients and up/down sampling rates are used. However, due to unknown multipath distortion, different interferences may exist in the received data, such as multiuser interference, intersymbol interference and interblock interference. To estimate channel parameters for a desired user, we employ all structured signature waveforms associated with different symbols of that user and apply subspace techniques. Therefore better performance of channel estimator can be achieved than the conventional subspace method based only on the signature of the current symbol. The delay for that user can also be jointly estimated. Channel identifiability conditions and asymptotic channel estimation error are investigated in detail. Numerical examples are provided to justify the proposed method. gest either multicode (MC) or multiple processing gain (MPG) mechanism [2], while requiring data rates to be integral multiples of some basic low-rate. In order to support variable rate transmission however, a comprehensive scheme needs to be investigated.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2012

We have studied the realized variance(RV) of intra-day returns and market microstructure noise based on high-frequency stock transaction data for the four largest companies in terms of market capitalization in the KOSPI. First, non-negligible biases are observed for the RV and for the bias-corrected realized variance($RV_{AC_1}$) which is constructed by adjusting RV for the first order autocorrelation in intra-day returns. Bias is more obvious for the RV and the $RV_{AC_1}$ when intra-day returns are sampled more frequently than every 2 minutes. Transaction Time Sampling(TTS) is shown to be better than Calendar Time Sampling(CTS) in terms of biases of the RV and the $RV_{AC_1}$ for the 4 companies. The analysis reveals that market microstructure noise is temporally dependent. Second, by using the Noise-to-Signal Ratio(NSR), we estimate sampling frequencies that are optimal in terms of the Mean Square Errors(MSE) of the RV and the $RV_{AC_1}$. The optimal sampling frequencies are around 200 for RV and is around 5000 for the $RV_{AC_1}$ for all the four stock prices. For the 6 hour transaction period of the Korean stock trading, these correspond to about 2 minutes and 6 seconds.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.572-584
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• 2007

The quantification of ammonia concentrations has received a lot of scientific attention. Numerous devices for the quantification of $NH_3$ in the ambient air have been developed to provide more technical possibilities for research in abating $NH_3$ emission from various source processes. For the proper quantification of $NH_3$, a number of sampling methods have been discussed by grouping them into different categories based on the principle of functioning. In general, active samplers employ pumps to draw air in, while passive samplers are exposed to air over a certain period of time to obtain integrated signature of $NH_3$. In case of the former, impingers and absorption flasks can be employed simultaneously with suitable absorbents to capture $NH_3$ passing through them. The methods of analysis include both in-situ and laboratory determination. In the laboratory, colorimetric or ion chromatographic methods are generally used for its quantification. In the field, a number of real time analyzers have been proven to be useful. These real time analyzers can be grouped according to their principle of operation. These analyzers may use the principle of spectroscopy (e.g. DOAS), photoacousticics (e.g. photoacoustic monitor) or Chemiluminescence ($NO_x$ analyzer). The automated annular denuder sampling system with on-line analyzer is also suitable for continuous monitoring of ammonia in air.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.550-553
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• 2005

To acquire radar target signature, various kinds of target are necessary. Measurement is one of the data acquiring method, but much time and high cost is required to get the target data from the real targets. Even if we can afford that, the targets we can access are very limited. To obtain target signatures avoiding these problems, we build the target CAD (Computer Aided Design) model for the calculation of target signatures. To speed up RCS calculation, we applied adaptive super-sampling and tested quite complex tank CAD model which is 1.4 hundred of thousands facet. We use calculated RCS data for ID range profile and 2D ISAR (Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar) image formation. We adopted IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) algorithm combined with polar formatting algorithm for the ISAR imaging. We could confirm the possibility of the construction of database from the images of CAD models for target classification applications.