• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2011

Cuff electrodes have a benefit for chronic electroneurogram(ENG) recording while minimizing nerve damage. However, the ENG signals are usually contaminated by electromyogram(EMG) activity from the surrounding muscle, the thermal noise generated within the source resistance, and the electric noise generated primarily at the first stage of the amplifier. This paper proposes a new cuff electrode to reduce the interference of EMG signals. An additional middle electrode was placed at the center of cuff electrode. As a result, the proposed cuff electrode achieved a higher signal-to-interference ratio compared to the conventional tripolar cuff. The cuff electrode was then assembled together with closure, headstage, and hermetic case including electronic circuits. This paper also presents a lownoise amplifier system to improve signal-to-noise ratio. The circuit was designed based on the noise analysis to minimize the electronic noise. The result shows that the total noise of the amplifier was below $1{\mu}V_{rms}$ for a cuff impedance of $1\;k{\Omega}$ and the common-mode rejection ratio was 115 dB at 1 kHz. In the current study, the performance of nerve cuff electrode system was evaluated by monitoring afferent nerve signals under mechanical stimuli in a rat animal model.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.651-658
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• 2018

Purpose: The algorithm described in Lim(1998) is available to determine the sample size directly given specified significance level, power and signal-to-noise ratio. We research on the efficient determination of the sample size by visual methods. Methods: We propose three graphs for investigating the mutual relationship between the sample size r, power $1-{\beta}$ and the detectable signal-to-noise ratio ${\Delta}$. First graph shows the relationship between ${\Delta}$ and $1-{\beta}$ for the given r and it can be checked whether the power is sufficient enough. Second graph shows the relationship between r and ${\Delta}$ for the given power $1-{\beta}$. Third graph shows the relationship between r and $1-{\beta}$ for the given ${\Delta}$. It can be checked that which effects are sensitive to the efficient sample size by investigating those graphs. Results: In factorial design, randomized block design and the split plot design how to determine the sample size directly given specified significance level, power and signal-to-noise ratio is programmed by using R. A experiment to study the split plot design in Hicks(1982) is used as an example. We compare the sample sizes calculated by randomized block design with those by split plot design. By using graphs, we can check the possibility of reducing the sample size efficiently. Conclusion: The proposed visual methods can help an engineer to make a proper plan to reduce the sample size.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 잡음환경에서 디지털 보청기의 잡음제거를 위해 2,3,4,5개의 마이크로폰을 이용해 잡음제거를 하고 비교 분석 하였다. 실제 디지털 보청기에서 사용할 수 있게 하기 위해 귀걸이형 (behind-the-ear type, BTE) 보청기의 형태와 유사하게 마이크로폰을 배열한 실험 세트를 구성하여 각각의 조건에 따라 신호녹음을 하였고, 녹음된 각각의 신호들을 멀티 마이크로폰을 이용한 잡음제거 알고리즘으로 잡음 제거하였다. 평가 방법에 따라 잡음제거 전과 후의 SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio)과 PESQ (Perceptual Evaluation of Speech ) 측정 분석 결과 마이크로폰 3개와 4개를 사용하였을 때 가장 높은 성능 향상을 보였으며 대부분의 경우에서 마이크로폰의 개수가 늘어남에 따라 성능이 향상된 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.507-517
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• 2022

광음향 현미경은 높은 공간 해상도와 높은 대조도를 갖는 영상을 제공할 수 있어 생명과학 연구와 의료응용에 있어 유용하다. 광음향 현미경은 레이저 펄스 송신 후 생체조직에서 발생하는 광음향 신호를 수신하여 영상을 구성한다. 일반적으로 광음향 신호의 크기는 작기 때문에, 고품질의 광음향 현미경 영상을 얻기 위해서는 고성능의 광학 및 음향 모듈과 더불어 신호 수신용 고성능 시스템이 필요하다. 그러나 대부분의 광음향 현미경 시스템은 광음향 신호의 수신, 증폭, 품질향상, 디지털화를 위해 여러 상용 장비의 조합으로 구성된다. 이러한 이유로 광음향 현미경은 부피가 클 수밖에 없으며, 최적의 성능을 제공하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 향상된 신호 대 잡음비와 대조도를 제공할 수 있는 광음향 수신 시스템의 구조를 제안하고 성능 평가 결과를 제시한다. 개발한 저잡음 광대역 광음향 신호 수신 시스템은 두개의 저잡음 증폭기, 두 개의 가변 이득 증폭기, 아날로그 필터, 아날로그 디지털 변환기, 그리고 디지털 제어 로직으로 구성되어 있다. 개발된 시스템의 영상 성능은 생체 모사 혈관 팬텀, 와이어 타겟 팬텀 영상 실험을 통하여 상용 신호수신 시스템의 성능과 비교하여 평가하였다. 영상 비교 실험을 통해 개발한 광음향 현미경 시스템이 상용 장비 보다 신호 대 잡음비는 6.7 dB 이상 높았고, 영상의 대조도는 3 dB 이상 높다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2005

In this paper, an efficient performance enhancement scheme for an adaptive antenna array under the flat and the frequency-selective Rayleigh fadings is proposed. The proposed signal enhancement scheme is the modified linear signal estimator which combines the rank N approximation by reducing noise eigenvalues(RANE) and Toeplitz matrix approximation(TMA) methods into the linear signal estimator. The proposed performance enhancement scheme is performed by not only reducing the noise component from the signal-plus-noise subspace using RANE but also having the theoretical property of noise-free signal using TMA. Consequently, the key idea of the proposed performance enhancement scheme is to greatly enhance the performance of an adaptive antenna array by removing all undesired noise effects from the post-correlation received signal. The proposed performance enhancement scheme applies at the Wiener maximal ratio combining(MRC) method which has been widely used as the conventional adaptive antenna array. It is shown through several simulation results that the performance of an adaptive antenna array using the proposed signal enhancement scheme is much superior to that of a system using the conventional method under several environments, i.e., a flat Rayleigh fading, a fast frequency-selective Rayleigh fading, a perfect/imperfect power control, a single cell, and a multicell.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2007

We have investigated the optimum combination of the environmental noise condition and type of SQUID pickup coil in order to obtain maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The measurement probe consists of 1st order gradiometer with pickup coils of 100 mm, 70 mm, and 50 mm baseline length, a 2nd order gradiometer with 50 mm baseline, and a magnetometer. The pickup coils are fabricated by winding Nb wire on a bobbin with 200 mm diameter. Noise and heart signal of a healthy male were measured by various SQUID sensors with different types of pickup coils in various magnetically shielded rooms (MSR), and compared to each other. The shielding factors were found to be 43 dB, 35 dB and 25 dB at 0.1 Hz for MSR-AS, MSR-BS, MSR-CS, respectively. White noises were $3.5\;fT/Hz^{1/2}$, $4.5\;fT/Hz^{1/2}$ and $3\;fT/Hz^{1/2}$ for the 1st order gradiometers, the 2nd order gradiometers, and magnetometer for all MSRs. SNR of the magnetometer was up to 56 dB in MSR-AS, while the 1st order axial gradiometer with 70 mm baseline length was up to 54 dB in MSR-BS. The 2nd order axial gradiometer with 50 mm baseline length of pickup coil was found to be up to 40 dB in MSR-CS.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.281-287
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• 1997

In the conventional inverse modeling method for on-line modeling of the secondary path transfer function, the signal to noise ratio between the arbitrary random signal and the plant noise have to keep at -10 - -20 dB. For these reasons, the modeling can't be exactly implemented by the conventional method alone and the convergence time for modeling becomes too long. In this study, by combining the conventional inverse modeling method with an adaptive line enhancer, or with an adaptive noise canceller, a rigorous transfer functions of secondary path modeling and the control of a primary noise have been implemented simultaneously.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.167-172
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• 1982

동일 채널 간섭 및 임펄스 잡음 환경하에서 QAM 시스템의 특성을 오율의 관점에서 연구했다. 반송파대 잡음전력비, 반송파대 간섭파 전력비, 임펄스 지수 및 신호와 간섭파 간의 위상차의 함수로써 나타낸 L-level QAM신호의 오율식을 도출하여 16-QAM에 대한 수치계산을 하여 오율특성을 그래프로 보였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2012

Under the power-based capture model, a transmission is successfully received at the destination, even in the presence of other transmissions and background noise, if the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio exceeds a capture threshold. We evaluate the spectral efficiency of simple multi-user channels by combining the basic capture model with a communication-theoretic model. The result is a more refined capture model that incorporates key system design parameters (such as achievable bit rate, target bit error rate, channel bandwidth, and modulation signal constellations) that are absent from the basic capture model. The relationships among these parameters can serve as a tool for optimizing the network performance.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.395-403
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• 2014

This paper presents a new approach to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) for local seismic disaster preventing system in densely populated area. The seismic data measured in the local site includes various sensing noises (offset or measurement noise) and man-made/natural noises (road and rail traffic noise, rotating or hammering machinery noise, human activity noise such as walking and running, wind/atmospheric pressure-generated noise, etc.). These additive noises are different in time and frequency characters. The proposed method uses 3-stages processing to reduce these different additive noises. In the first stage, misalignment offset noise are diminished by time average processing, and then the second and third stages, coherent/incoherent noises such as man-made/natural noises are suppressed by array stacking. In addition, we derived the theoretical equation of the SNR gain improved by the proposed method. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, computer simulations were performed with real seismic data and test equipment generated data as the input.