• Title/Summary/Keyword: Sign extension

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Direct Adaptive Fuzzy Control with Less Restrictions on the Control Gain

  • Phan, Phi Anh;Gale, Timothy J.
    • International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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    • v.5 no.6
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    • pp.621-629
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    • 2007
  • In the adaptive fuzzy control field for affine nonlinear systems, there are two basic configurations: direct and indirect. It is well known that the direct configuration needs more restrictions on the control gain than the indirect configuration. In general, these restrictions are difficult to check in practice where mathematical models of plant are not available. In this paper, using a simple extension of the universal approximation theorem, we show that the only required constraint on the control gain is that its sign is known. The Lyapunov synthesis approach is used to guarantee the stability and convergence of the closed loop system. Finally, examples of an inverted pendulum and a magnet levitation system demonstrate the theoretical results.

Sign-Extension Reduction by Propagated-Carry Selection (전파 캐리의 선택에 의한 부호확장 오버헤드의 감소)

  • 이광철;조경주;박홍열;정진균
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2001.09a
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    • pp.931-934
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    • 2001
  • 고정 계수를 갖는 곱셈기의 구현 시 면적과 전력소모를 줄이기 위해서 곱셈계수를 CSD(Canonic Signed Digit) 형태로 표현 할 수 있다. CSD 계수의 1 또는 -1의 위치에 따라 부분곱들을 시프트 하여 더할 때 모든 부분곱들의 부호확장이 필요하며 이로 인해 하드웨어의 오버헤드가 증가하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 부호확장 부분에서의 캐리 전파를 적절히 조절함으로써 부호확장으로 인한 오버헤드를 조절 할 수 있다는 사실을 이용하여 새로운 부호확장 오버혜드 감소방법을 제시한다. 제안한 방법과 기존의 방법을 다양한 시뮬레이션을 통해서 비교하고 기존의 방법에 비해 약 30%의 부호확장 오버헤드를 줄일 수 있음을 보인다.

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A Case Report of Surgical Treatment in a Lamed Hunting Dog with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Medial Meniscal Injury (사낭견에서 내측반월판 손상을 수반한 전방십자인대단열의 외과적 치유예)

  • 정순욱;김영대;박수현;정월순;이충헌;신영규
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.497-500
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    • 1999
  • A 4 years old male mixed breed dog, which weighed 25.5 kg, referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital at College of Veterinary Medicine in Chonnam National University, because of chronic hindleg lameness. Click sound by flexion and extension of stifle joint, positive reaction by cranial drawer movement, fat pad sign and tibial position in cranial drawer position on the lateral radiographic view, medial patellar luxation (grade II), and lameness score 2.5 at standing and 2 at walking in right hindleg were showed. Under general anesthesia with enflurane, after medial arthrotomy, it was performed to remove remnants of cranial cruciate ligament and torn medial menisci and joint closed. In modified retinacular imbrication technique, one lateral fabellar/tuberosity suture, one medial fabellar/tuberosity suture, and one imbrication suture adjacent to the patella were placed. At 9 days after operation, lameness score 0 was observed and general condition was excellent.

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Change of Paradigms in Caries-Associated Bacteria in the Caries Process: Ecological Perspectives (치아우식증 유발 균주에 대한 패러다임의 변화: 생태학적 관점)

  • Kim, Hee-Eun
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.87-93
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    • 2014
  • Dental plaque resides passively at a site and makes an active contribution to the maintenance of health. The bacterial composition of plaque remains relatively stable despite regular exposure to minor environmental stress. This stability, homeostasis is due to a dynamic balance of microbial interactions. However, the homeostasis can break down, leading to shifts in the balance of the microflora. This change can be a sign of initial dental caries. It is proposed that disease can be prevented or treated not only by targeting the putative pathogens but also by interfering with the processes that drive the breakdown in homeostasis. It is essential to understand the plaque as a mixed species biofilm. In this essay I reviewed an extension of the caries ecological hypothesis to explain the relation between dynamic changes in the phenotypic/genotypic properties of plaque bacteria and the demineralization and remineralization balance of the dental caries process. We will have the strategies to impact significantly on clinical practice as understanding dental biofilm.

Analysis of Number System introduced in the 7th National Mathematics Curriculum and Mathematics Text Books of Korea (제 7차 수학과 교육과정과 교과서에 제시된 수 체계 도입에 관한 연구)

  • 김흥기
    • The Mathematical Education
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.265-274
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    • 2003
  • To learn number system is a basic thing in school mathematics. In this paper, we analyze how number system is introduced in the 7th national curriculum and text books according to it. We found that the method of introducing number system is quite different from the former curriculum and former text books. There are many negative effects on the transition when compared with those of United States of America. There are many gaps between elementary school mathematics and middle school mathematics about levels and skills to deal with numbers. It is desirable to distinguish the negative sign from subtraction and to keep the concepts of commutativity and associativity of operations from the beginning. We also suggest to change the introducing timing and extension methods of number system in 7th grade mathematics.

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Study on the Space in Works of Mies Van der Rohe in Terms of Text - Focused on Tugendhat, Hubbe House and Barcelona Pavilion - (Text 측면에서 본 Mies Van der Rohe 작품의 공간성 연구 - Tugendhat, Hubbe 주택과 Barcelona Pavilion을 중심으로 -)

  • Yook, Ok-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean housing association
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.101-109
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    • 2014
  • It was early in the $20^{th}$ century when the space was begun to say through the mutual circumstances of form and contents. Adrian Forty explained that the characteristics of space can be divided into three steps by the period: a space of enclosure, a space as continuum and a space as an extension of the body. And there is common condition that all three spaces are accompanied by the form. In the new thinking of architectural form in terms of text in modern society, architecture becomes to more complex to understanding. Saying that there is nothing outside text (Il n'y a rien en dehors du text.) in the world, Jacques Derrida insisted the world to be texted and not to be special centrality, where can be existed by difference and delay its meaning. Text is the structural meaning (sign), not a metaphorical one (symbol). Without the symbol, the architecture can be recognized as text with signing to the form. For that, there is a question how can be explained the space in terms of text extracting the meaning and the symbol. Absolutely not intended by Mies van der Rohe, but in his works of houses and pavilion, its characteristics and traces of text can be seen. If it is possible to analyse his works in the textual view, space of Mies will be found in the same direction of text. And it will be an important opportunity to re-evaluate the space of Mies works standing in the heart of Modern Architecture.

A study on the solution suggesting and the problem investigating of spatial designing through the axis of circulation in the extension of general hospital - A case study : medical college's hospital of Hanyang University - (종합병원의 증축과정에서 동선 중심축 형성을 통한 공간디자인의 문제점 도출과 해결안 제시에 관한 연구 -한양대학교 의과대학 부속병원의 사례-)

  • Kim, Kyu Sung;Lee, Jung Man
    • Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.7-15
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    • 2003
  • Contemporary hospital has more and more extension because the growth and change of hospital has to respond the various needs. For expanding, the sky bridge(sky walk) becomes one of the method to interconnect two or more buildings on the air. Sometimes the designers don't know exactly how the sky bridge works after construction. Beyond the role of interconnecting two buildings, the role of sky bridge is transformed the main axis of pedestrian in the whole hospital organization. This scope of analysis is about the sky bridge of Hanyang University hospital. The first method is the investigation of the utilization in this time. The second is the analysis of design drawings got form the designing of the past(1994-1998). From this analysis, the conclusions are followings.;The designer who wants to apply the sky bridge should more consider about, 1) how the sky bridge impacts the whole spatial system such as the pedestrian, patients, physicians, service's facilities etc. 2) what the inside of sky bridge has something such as natural light, ventilation, and the height, depth, width of aisle, the sign for seeking orientation. etc. In future the research relating sky bridge should be studied some hospital as well as one hospital for comparing the characteristics of the concepts and organizations

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IPMP information editing system of MPEG-4 authorizing tool base for digital contents management and protection (디지털 콘텐츠 보호 및 관리를 위한 MPEG-4 저작도구 기반의 IPMP 정보 편집 시스템)

  • 박철민;최종근;김광용;홍진우;정회경
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2004.05b
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    • pp.225-228
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    • 2004
  • Digital contents is used already in near place with us. Contents of MPEG-4 standard is used to process multimedia data in field of communication, computer, broadcasting mobile etc. However, absence of copyright management and protection system and interoperability problem of right system between each corporation happened. Because MPEG establish IPMP(Intellectual Property Management and Protection) system standard in agreement with MPEG-4 system standard, proposed cooperation method to manage and protect copyright. Accordingly, in this paper, put in copyright of authorized contents management and protection extension system implementation adding MPEG-4 IPMP system like plug-in into existing MPEG-4 authorizing tool. Therefore, author edits IPMP information to protect contents or object, and process the information in system and authorize MPEG-4 digital contents that have management and protection sign according to IPMP standard. This system designed and implemented to divided into IPMP information save processor, IPMP information creation processor, media IPPM processor, XMT-A to MP4 converter IPMP extension.

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A Case Report on the Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient (강직성척추염 환자의 1례 증례보고)

  • Yun, Je-Pil;Lee, Jeong-Hun;Kim, Sung-Yong;Kim, Yong
    • The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.175-184
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    • 2002
  • Objectives : Ankylosing Spondylitis, inflamatic disease, appeared symostosis, pain and dyscinesia in spine and sacroilic joint. It repeated an improvement and a depravation. We observed one patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Methods : This patient was juged incurable in points of western medical's View. But he was improved by treating oriental medical therapy. The therapies which used in this patient was acupunture, bee venom, korean chuna therapy and kinesiatrics etc. We measured the R.O.M, special test and degree of pain every day. Results : The R.O.M of extension in lumbar ${vertebrae(0_{\circ}\;{\rightarrow}5_{\circ}\;)\;and\;patrick\;sign(++/-\;{\rightarrow}\;-/-)}$ was improved a little. Degree of pain was improved better than admission. Conclusions : This case has demonstrated that the Ankylosing Spondylitis treated by oriental medical therapies proved good results.

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Letters and Expressions in View of Semiotic (기호학 관점에서의 문자와 식 분석)

  • 김선희;이종희
    • School Mathematics
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.59-76
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    • 2003
  • Algebraic signs are important on learning and problem solving of algebra. This study investigated the contents of letters and expressions in textbooks by syntactics, semantics and pragmatics, and considered the introduction and extension processes of algebraic signs didactically. We also categorized the signs, and looked into textbook problems in view of semiotic. The result is that textbook is constructed in syntactics and semantics. Finally, the assessment of 7th grade students' competence in syntactics, semantics, syntactics+- semantics, pragmatics, and problem solving shows that students' ability in syntactics and pragmatics Is a predictive variable for algebraic problem solving.

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