• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.9A
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• pp.2372-2382
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• 1998

In this paper, we propose a new edge based finite state vector quantization method having better performance than conventional side-match finite state vector quantization. In our proposed scheme, each dCT transformed block is classified to 17 classes according to edge types. Each class has a different codebook based on its characteristis. Encoder classified each block to motion block or stationary block and constructed a merging map by using edge and motion information, and sent to decoder. We controled amoutn of bing bits transmitted with selecting modes accoridng to bandwidth of transmitting channel. Compared with conventional algorithms, H.263 and H.261 at low bit rate, our proposed algorithm shows better picture quality and good performance.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.54-55
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• 2006

Polymeric micelles, supramolecular assemblies of block copolymers, are useful nanocarriers for the systemic delivery of drugs and genes. Recently, novel polymeric micelles with various functions such as the targetability and stimuli-sensitivity have been emerged as promising carriers that enhance the efficacy of drugs and genes with minimal side effects. This presentation focuses our recent approach to the preparation of functional block copolymers that are useful for constructing smart micellar delivery systems in advanced therapeutics, including chemo-gene therapy. Particular emphasis is placed on the characteristic behaviors of intracellular environment-sensitive micelles that selectively exert drug activity and gene expression in live cells.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.89-100
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• 1994

The current test procedure for transfer length, which determine transfer length by measuring concrete strain, has an actual bond stress state in the prestressed pretensioned member : however, it is difficult to determine the bond properties of maximum bond stress and bond stiffness with this method. It is also difficult for design engineer to understand and select a correct safety criterion from the widely distributed results of such a ransfer test alone. An alternative testing procedure is provided here to determine the bond properties without measuring the concrete strain. In this test the bond stress is measured directly by creating a similar boundary condition within the transfer length in a real beam during the transfer of prestressing force. The prestressing force was released step by step by step from the unloading side. The release of force induces a swelling of the strand at the unloading side of concrete block, bonding force in the block, and a bond slip of the strand toward the other side of the block. Two center-hole load cells are used to record the end loads until the point of general bond slip(maximum bond stress). It is suggested that this test procedure be performed with the ordinary transfer test when determining the transfer length in a prestressed, pretensioned concrete beam.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.218-221
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• 2005

This report describes a case of dizziness in a patient with trigeminal neuralgia that was caused by a vestibular schwannoma. A 60-year-old man with a history of pain on his left cheek, chin, molar and tongue for 5 months was diagnosed as suffering with trigeminal neuralgia of the left mandibular nerve, and this was caused by a left vestibular schwannoma. The diagnosis of the tumor was confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and so gamma knife surgery was performed 1 month later. At that time, the patient had been referred to the pain clinic due to allodynia on the tongue and gingival, and hypesthesia was also present on the left half of the face. Trigeminal nerve block with dehydrogenated alcohol and stellate ganglion block with 1% mepivacaine were performed and oral medication with diphenylhydantoin was started. The symptoms were alleviated after nerve block and oral medication. Dizziness, blurred vision and ataxia then developed from the 13th hospital day. We considered the symptoms as a side effect of diphenylhydantoin and we reduced the dose of diphenylhydantoin. However, the symptoms grew worse. Another brain MRI showed a slight increase of the tumor size and a mass effect with displacement of the adjacent organs, and hydrocephalus was also noted. This case shows the importance of considering the secondary symptoms that are due to brain tumor while treating trigeminal neuralgia. The changes of the brain tumors should also be considered along with the presence of new side effects.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.144-158
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop a bodice block suitable for women in their 20s with turtle neck syndrome. The problem of turtle neck syndrome body type was derived through the evaluation of bodice blocks. First, the length of the front bodice was longer and the length of the back bodice was shorter. Second, the front neck point, back neck point, and the shoulder line were not in place. Third, the side neck was pushed up. Fourth, the length of armhole was long and it floated. Fifth, the front hem was attached to the body and the back hem was away from the body. A finally developed pattern was designed by developing four test patterns to solve the problem that appeared in a selected bodice pattern, and a t-test was conducted to determine the difference in the appearance evaluation by virtual clothing between the two patterns, bodice block and the development pattern. According to the result, the fit was not good from the side body because the position of the side neck point was not in a place due to the characteristics of the body shape of turtle neck syndrome, but the problems of the anterior neck position, the position of the back neck point, the shoulder line position, and the armhole shape were improved in the developed pattern.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.53-64
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a channel estimation of side information method based received motion vectors for distributed video coding. The proposed decoder estimates motion vectors of side information and transmits it to the encoder. As the proposed encoder generates side information which is the same to one in the decoder with received motion vectors, accuracy of side information of the decoder is assessed and it is transmitted to decoder. The proposed decoder can also estimate accurate crossover probability with received error information. As the proposed method conducts correct belief propagation, computational complexity of the channel decoder decreases and error correction capability is significantly improved with the smaller amount of parity bits. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is better in rate-distortion performance and it is faster than several conventional distributed video coding methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.612-617
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• 2009

In a DCT coding, degradations called block artifact and mosquito noise are appeared in reconstructed pictures. They should be reduced in post processing after decoding without superabundant processing. However, an estimation of mosquito noise is rare because of its difficulty. To realize an estimation of mosquito noise level, we extract a block that mosquito noise will be easy to occur. Mosquito noise level is calculated at a selected side of the block. In this processing, only the sides of high probability block are used. Then, a block value is taken by averaging. Finally, the picture value is calculated by averaging of this. Estimation method is evaluated by using the MPEG-4 decoded pictures. Quantization scale of coding and the estimated mosquito noise level are compared. As the results, we recognize the proposed method gives almost reasonable mosquito block and absolute level. Father, adaptive filter is controlled by the estimated mosquito noise level. It is recognized that the high quality of decoded picture is kept and the mosquito noise is reduced effectively at the picture with degradation.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.285-290
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• 1997

Horner's syndrome is a well-recognized complication of regional analgesia of neck and shoulder region, and not often a complication of lumbar or low thoracic epidural block. Recently we experienced right Horner's syndrome accompanying paralysis of right upper extremity following lumbar epidural block in for an obstetric patient. Epidurography and MRI was performed to clarify the cause of unilateral high epidural block and cervical sympathetic block. Radiologic study demonstrated a loop formation of the epidural catheter and tip of catheter was located in right anterior epidural spaced(L1-2). The initial epidurogram revealed unilateral spreading of dye in the cervical region in right epidural space. A second epidurogram, 10 minutes following, showed dye filling in left epidural space, however spread of dye in left side was limited to lumbar and low thoracic region. We concluded the most probable cause of this unilateral high epidural block was due to misplacement of the catheter into the anterior epidural space.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.9
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• pp.2351-2369
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• 2012

This paper describes interpolation method of motion field in the Wyner-Ziv video coding (WZVC) based on Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. In the EM algorithm, the estimated motion field distribution is calculated on a block-by-block basis. Each pixel in the block shares similar probability distribution, producing an undesired blocking artefact on the pixel-based motion field. The proposed interpolation techniques are Bicubic and Lanczos which successively use 16 and 32 neighborhood probability distributions of block-based motion field for one pixel in k-by-k block on pixel-based motion field. EM-based WZVC codec updates the estimated probability distribution on block-based motion field, and interpolates it to pixel resolution. This is required to generate higher-quality soft side information (SI) such that the decoding algorithm is able to make syndrome estimation more quickly. Our experiments showed that the proposed interpolation methods have the capability to reduce EM-based WZVC decoding complexity with small increment of bit rate.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1734-1738
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• 2019

Background: Stroke patients usually have arm weakness, which affects trunks and arms. Objective: To investigate the effects of paretic side and non-paretic side arm training on trunk control and upper limb functions. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial (single blind). Methods: Twenty patients with stroke in hospital were enrolled in the study. Twenty subjects were randomly assigned to paretic side arm training group (PATG, n = 10) or non-paretic side arm training group (NATG, n = 10). Trunk impairment scale (TIS) was used for trunk control, and box and block test (BBT) was used for upper limb function. Training was conducted for 4 weeks. Results: PATG showed significant difference in TIS (static balance, dynamic balance, coordination, total score) and BBT. NATG showed significant differences in static balance, and dynamic balance and total score except for coordination and BBT. PATG also showed a more significant difference in BBT and coordination and total score than NATG. Conclusions: The arm training performed on the paretic side are more effective than those performed on the non-paretic side in improving both upper limb function and trunk control in stroke patients.