• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2002

Recently, much attention has been paid to the problem such as sick building syndrome, which caused by the air pollutant indoor. In addition, Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) has been paid attention to as one of the main reason that causes air pollutant indoor, and the exposure of VOCs indoor is recognizes as an important factor which have an effect on the health of resident. In this study, measuring of VOCs in newly houses, and the results are as follows; 1)TVOC(Total Volatile Organic Compounds) indoor is detected high concentration(11314$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎤). 2)There are detected acetaldehyde, methylenechloride, benzene, trichloroethylene and styrene that have to take precaution against human carcinogenicity

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2011

In this study, numerical simulation has been conducted to investigate dispersion of a pollutant released from a new furniture, a kind of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). A sofa which generates formaldehyde is implemented by using an immersed boundary method. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is employed to obtain time-dependent velocity and concentration fields. It is shown that the ventilation efficiency in this room can be improved by changing inlet angle of diffuser, even though other conditions still remain unchanged. Both active diffusion near a sofa and air flow pattern are important parameters to enhance the ventilation efficiency.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2004

Recently, indoor air pollution has been seriously apprehended, and became a striking issue, due to the airtightness of buildings or the misuse of building materials. Especially, SHS(Sick House Syndrome) and MCS(Multi Chemical Sensitivity) which can have bad influences on the resident in an existing apartment house as well as newly constructed apartment house start to attract public attention. The emission rates of VOCs is sensitively affected by the indoor/outdoor condition, construction materials, construction method, and character of ventilation facilities. Therefore, in this study, by measuring the indoor air pollution substance of the existing apartment house, the problem over this tends to be grasped and it is going to secure an improvement methods.

• Architectural research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2014

Allergic diseases as the major symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome have significantly increased because of the indoor pollutants resulted from the enhanced energy conservation performances of residential buildings. Following traffic accidents, domestic accidents are known as the second most frequent accident type. This study analyzes the occurrences of allergic diseases and home accidents caused by housing conditions, together with the residents' consciousness of the diseases and accidents. The findings of this study are expected to help develop the design guidelines and new housing types conducive to the healthy housing environment. For this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted in two rounds which include face-to-face questionnaire survey and online survey, collecting 200 responses and 1000 responses respectively. The data based on the valid 1011 responses were analyzed by Frequency Analysis and T-test.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.1220-1224
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• 2008

Because of the high airtightness and insulation of the building, indoor environment has been largely polluted resulted from insufficient ventilation and occurrence of new air pollutant. These factors have made worse indoor air quality and caused symptoms of the SHS(Sick House Syndrome), MCS(Multi Chemical Sensitivity). The purpose of this study is to present the fundamental strategies for improving the Indoor Air Quality(IAQ) in newly-constructed apartment buildings. To investigate the concentration of indoor air pollutants such as Formaldehyde and VOCs, the field measurement were conducted.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.1398-1405
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• 2008

As the structure, material and construction of building develop continuously, so the recent residential buildings are being large, high-rise and group. High-rise residential buildings consume a lot of energy on supplying cold and hot water. As well, high-rise residential buildings bring on discomfortable use and unexpected conditions on account of faucet outlet pressure rise and the difference of water supply pressure between top floor and bottom floor. Thus, the purpose of this study is to research on using conditions of cold and hot water supply system through survey and field measurement in high-rise residential buildings and to analyze problems.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2006

Indoor air pollution has been significantly aggravated due to hazardous pollutants emitted from petrochemical finishing materials in new apartments. Pollutants emitted into indoor environment have significant effects on the health of occupants, causing undesirable symptoms related to sick building syndrome such as headache, dizziness, difficulty in concentration, etc. Therefore, this paper attempted to investigate the reduction effect of bake out on VOCs emission in new apartments. Experiments were carried out in three households, one of which was naturally ventilated. The naturally ventilated showed the lowest indoor pollutant concentration and also showed the highest reduction rate by the use of bake out. The most desirable result was observed when the household was naturally ventilated after bake out. More detailed experiments are expected to be carried out afterwards on the prediction of reduction rate of each pollutant.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2011

목적: 신축된 대학교 건물 내에서 수업 등을 수강하는 대학생들을 대상으로 실내공기질이 안구증상 및 새집증후군 증상 등의 눈에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 방법: 수도권에 위치한 대학교 신축건물을 선정하여, 1개학과 대학생들을 대상으로 실시하였다. 총 참여대상자는 33명이었고, 개개인의 특성 파악을 위해 사전 설문조사(성별, 연령, 흡연여부, 콘택트렌즈 착용여부, 음주여부 등)를 실시하였다. 1차 실내유해물질 및 연구조사에 참여한 대상자들의 설문조사(1차) 및 안구증상은 10월 학기 중에 실시하였고, 2차 조사는 2개월 후인 12월 학기말에 실시하였다. 실내공기질 측정은 1차 설문조사 시와 2차 설문조사 시 측정하였으며 실내공기 중 가스상 물질인 알데하이드류 및 휘발성 유기화합물을 측정하였다. 결과: 새 건물 내 실내공기질 평가항목 중 폼알데하이드는 1차 측정 시 22.90 ${\mu}g/m^3$, 2차 측정 시 16.79 ${\mu}g/m^3$로 감소되었고, 그 외 대부분 물질에서도 1차 입주 시 높은 결과를 보였다. 총휘발성 유기화합물은 1차 측정 시 448.54 ${\mu}g/m^3$, 2차 측정 시 62.55 ${\mu}g/m^3$로 통계적으로 유의하게 감소되었다(p<0.05). 눈의 자극 증상은 안구증상 등 임상평가에서 1차와 2차 노출에 따른 연구참여자들의 건성안 유발이 확인되었으며, 1차와 2차 측정을 비교한 결과, 2차 측정시의 오전은 1차에 비해 건조감이 심해졌다. 결론: 재실자는 오전에 비해 오후에 건조안이 증가하는 것으로 평가되었고, 안구에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 알데하이드류 및 휘발성 유기화합물의 실내공기질 측정결과와 안구증상과의 연관성에서 유해물질에 의한 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 일관성 있는 결과는 도출되지 않았다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.123-126
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• 2010

Volatile organic compounds are commonly off gassed from various building materials and can induce sick building syndrome. Volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde, xylene and toluene are known as toxic agents in immune cells. Human leukocytes, particularly, neutrophils and eosinophils play important roles in the regulation of immune responses. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of formaldehyde, ortho-xylene (o-xylene), para-xylene (p-xylene) and toluene on the apoptosis of neutrophils and eosinophils isolated from the blood of healthy donors. Formaldehyde increased the constitutive apoptosis of neutrophils and eosinophils. o-xylene, p-xylene and toluene increased the spontaneous apoptosis of eosinophils, but not that of neutrophils. Formaldehyde increased the protein level of IL-8 in neutrophils and eosinophils, and suppressed the MCP-1 expression in neutrophils. The release of IL-6 from neutrophils was diminished by volatile organic compounds used in this study. In conclusion, formaldehyde, xylene and toluene elevate the apoptosis of neutrophils and eosinophils, and regulate the release of cytokine and chemokine in neutrophils and eosinophils. These results indicate that formaldehyde, xylene and toluene have a cytotoxicity in human neutrophils and eosinophils and may damage the modulation of immune responses.

• 농촌계획
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2005

Up to recently building are constructed focusing on the convenience of residential condition. However, environmental-friendly materials is required for construction as people are spending more time inside buildings and causes of many problems like sick-building syndrome are known due to the noxious gases and polluted air originated from construction materials. Although loess(hwangtoh) is an environmental-friendly material, it has limitations in compressive strength far a construction material. The purpose of this study is to suggest the optimal ratio of loess(hwangtoh) mortar by tests of compressive strength comparing with standard strength of floor finishing mortar and evaluate the usability of loess(hwangtoh) mortar for floor finishing material through an impact test, a cracking test and a abrasion test. Based on the results of this study, 86% of loess(hwangtoh) and 14% of inorganic binder is suggested for the optimal mixture ratio of loess(hwangtoh) mortar. Moreover, the characteristics of loess(hwangtoh) is suitable for floor finishing material in impact, crack, abrasion.