• BMB Reports
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.483-492
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• 2000

The Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain F glycoprotein H (gH) gene in the pHLB-4 plasmid was recombinated into a baculovirus expression vector (lacZ-HcNPV) to construct a recombinant virus GH-HcNPV expressing gH. The sequences of gH and its expression were analyzed. The gH gene was located in the 6.41 kb BglII fragment. The open reading frame (ORF) of the gH gene was 2,517 bp and codes 838 amino acid residues. Insect cells infected with this recombinant virus synthesized a high level of the matured and gX-gH fusion protein with approximately 112 kDa. The fusion gH protein was localized on the membrane of the insect cells as seen by using immunofluorescence assay and accumulated in the cultured media by the SDS-PAGE and immunoprecipitation assays. The amino acid sequence presents additional characteristics compatible with the structure of a viral glycoprotein: signal peptide, putative glycosylation sites and a long C-terminal transmembrane sequence. Antibodies raised in mice to this recombinant protein recognized viral gH and neutralized the infectivity of HSV-1 in vitro. These results demonstrate that it is possible to produce a mature protein by gene transfer in eukaryotic cells, and indicate the utility of the HcNPV-insect cell system for producing and characterizing eukaryotic proteins. Furthermore, the neutralizing antibodies would appear to protect mice against HSV; accordingly, this particular recombinant protein may be useful in the development of a subunit vaccine.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2024

The exact mechanism of sialolith formation has yet to be determined. Recurrence of sialolithiasis is rare, affecting only 1%-10% of patients. The current study presents a case of recurrent stones that occurred twice on the right submandibular gland 6 months postoperative and 7 months after reoperation in a 48-year-old female patient. The stones were analyzed using histology, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The first stone showed a three-layered structure with a poorly mineralized peripheral multilayered zone, highly mineralized middle layer, and the central nidus. The stones were composed of Ca, C, O, Cu, F, N, P, Si, Zn, and Zr. In TEM, compact bi-layered bacterial cell membrane was found on the peripheral layer and the central nidus of the stone as well as exosomes in the central nidus. The results demonstrated the essential components of sialolith formation, including bacteria, inflammatory exosomes, and exfoliated salivary epithelial cells that cooperatively underwent the pathogenetic progresses of central nidus formation, induction of compact zone calcification of the middle layer, and repeated subsequent deposition in the peripheral multilayer zone. The rapid recurrence could have resulted from residual pieces of a sialolith acting as the nidus of bacterial infection.

• 공업화학
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.605-613
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• 1992

분자량이 1,000과 2,000인 카보네이트형 폴리올(PTMCG)을 사용하여 MDI와 사슬 연장제인 N-methyldielhanolamine을 반응시켜 NCO-말단 프레폴리머를 합성한 후 이온화제로 1,3-propane sultone을 반응시켜 양쪽이온성 작용기를 갖는 카보네이트형 폴리우레탄(ZPU)을 합성하였다. 모델반응의 IR과 NMR 스펙트럼으로부터 동일한 조건하에서 이혼화가 잘 일어나고 있음을 알 수 있어, 양쪽이온성 카보네이트형 폴리우레탄의 구조를 확인할 수 있었다. 열적성질을 측정한 결과 유리전이온도(Tg)는 $-15{\sim}-30^{\circ}C$ 범위로써 분자량이 1,000인 폴리올을 사용한 경우 $-15{\sim}-18^{\circ}C$, 분자량이 2,000인 폴리올을 사용한 경우 $-25{\sim}-26^{\circ}C$임을 알 수 있었다. 기계적 성질을 측정한 결과 인장강도는 분자량이 1,000과 2,000인 폴리올 모두 다 이온함량에 따라 크게 증가되나 이온 함량의 몰비율이 4.0 이상에서는 오히려 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 신장율은 인장강도와 달리 이온함량에 따라 오히려 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 물성측정의 결과로부터 인장강도가 우수하고, 연신율이 크지 않은 ZPU10-30을 택하여, 투과증발법을 이용한 에탄올 수용액농축에 응용하였다. 보다 우수한 선택도를 얻기 위하여 hexamethylene diisocyanate(HMDI)를 이용하여 가교막을 제조하였다. 팽윤도 실험결과 50wt% 에탄올농도 근처에서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었는데, 이는 에탄올에 의한 가소화효과의 영향이라고 생각된다. 분리성능을 최적화하기 위해 공급액 농도변화와 온도변화를 실시하였다. 전반적인 투과증발분리 성능은 선택도 2~83.2 및 투과유량 $25.4{\sim}58.8g/m^2hr$를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.241-241
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• 2008

Macrofore formation in silicon and other semiconductors using electrochemical etching processes has been, in the last years, a subject of great attention of both theory and practice. Its first reason of concern is new areas of macropore silicone applications arising from microelectromechanical systems processing (MEMS), membrane techniques, solar cells, sensors, photonic crystals, and new technologies like a silicon-on-nothing (SON) technology. Its formation mechanism with a rich variety of controllable microstructures and their many potential applications have been studied extensively recently. Porous silicon is formed by anodic etching of crystalline silicon in hydrofluoric acid. During the etching process holes are required to enable the dissolution of the silicon anode. For p-type silicon, holes are the majority charge carriers, therefore porous silicon can be formed under the action of a positive bias on the silicon anode. For n-type silicon, holes to dissolve silicon is supplied by illuminating n-type silicon with above-band-gap light which allows sufficient generation of holes. To make a desired three-dimensional nano- or micro-structures, pre-structuring the masked surface in KOH solution to form a periodic array of etch pits before electrochemical etching. Due to enhanced electric field, the holes are efficiently collected at the pore tips for etching. The depletion of holes in the space charge region prevents silicon dissolution at the sidewalls, enabling anisotropic etching for the trenches. This is correct theoretical explanation for n-type Si etching. However, there are a few experimental repors in p-type silicon, while a number of theoretical models have been worked out to explain experimental dependence observed. To perform ordered macrofore formaion for p-type silicon, various kinds of mask patterns to make initial KOH etch pits were used. In order to understand the roles played by the kinds of etching solution in the formation of pillar arrays, we have undertaken a systematic study of the solvent effects in mixtures of HF, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), iso-propanol, and mixtures of HF with water on the macrofore structure formation on monocrystalline p-type silicon with a resistivity varying between 10 ~ 0.01 $\Omega$ cm. The etching solution including the iso-propanol produced a best three dimensional pillar structures. The experimental results are discussed on the base of Lehmann's comprehensive model based on SCR width.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.300-305
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• 2015

2015년 5~6월에 전라북도 남원시 식정동 섬진강 수계 요천에서 한국고유종 섬진자가사리 Liobagrus somjinensis의 자연산란장 11개 지점에 대한 특징을 조사하였다. 자연산란장은 하상기질에 따라 256 mm 이상의 큰돌 (boulder)이 놓여진 상부와 자갈 (pebble)과 모래 (sand)로 이루어진 하부로 구분되었다. 큰돌 아래의 자연산란장은 작은 구멍 안에 난괴 (egg mass)를 형성한 알 덩어리와 섬진자가사리 1개체 (수컷)가 위치하였고 어떠한 저서성 무척추동물이나 유기물이 없는 깨끗한 상태였다. 알은 구형의 노란색으로 투명한 막으로 둘러싸여 있었고 알 크기는 $3.31{\pm}0.15mm$ (n=30)로 나타났다. 큰돌 아래 자연산란장에서 확인된 각 알 덩어리는 유사한 발생단계였고 각각은 상실기에서 안구 형성기까지 나타났다. 11개의 자연산란장에서 확인된 알수는 평균 $121{\pm}35.5$ (84~176)개였고 암컷의 난소에서 확인된 포란수는 $143{\pm}31.3$ (110~232)개였다.