• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate humeral translation relative to the glenoid invivo during loaded and unloaded shoulder abduction. CT scans of 9 healthy shoulders were acquired and 3D models were created. The subject was positioned in front of a fluoroscope and motions were recorded during active abduction. The subjects performed two trials of holding a 3kg weight and unload. 3D motions were determined using model-based 3D-to-2D registration to obtain 6 degrees of freedom kinematics. Glenohumeral translation was determined by finding the location on the humeral head with the smallest separation from the glenoid. Humeral translation was referenced to the glenoid center in the superior/inferior direction. The humerus moved an average of 2 mm, from inferior to central on the glenoid, during arm abduction for both conditions. The humeral head was centered within 1mm from the glenoid center above $70^{\circ}$. There were no statistically significant differences for both conditions. The standard deviation decreased gradually over the motion, with significantly lower variability at the end of abduction compared to the initial unloaded position. We assumed that the humeral translation to the center of the glenoid provides maximum joint congruency for optimal shoulder function and joint longevity. We believe this information will lead to better strategies to prevent shoulder injuries, enhance rehabilitation, and improve surgical treatments.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2024

Background: It is essential to distinguish between symptomatic- and asymptomatic radiographic acromioclavicular (AC) osteoarthritis (OA) because AC-targeted physical examinations are dubious. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of a preoperative AC injection in discriminating between symptomatic- and asymptomatic radiographic AC OA based on patient arthroscopic distal clavicle resection (aDCR) outcomes. Methods: Forty-eight patients who underwent aDCR for AC OA were included. Their satisfaction was objectified using a 5-point Likert scale and patient willingness to repeat the surgery. The Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), the Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) were used to assess postoperative shoulder function and pain. Patients were subdivided into groups based on their good or minimal reaction to an AC injection (good reaction: ≥7 consecutive days of pain reduction, Minimal reaction: <7 consecutive days of pain reduction). Results: Twenty-seven patients had a good reaction and 21 patients had a minimal reaction to the AC injection (median follow-up, 45.0 months; range, 31.0-52.8 months). No significant differences were found in level of satisfaction (P=0.234) or willingness to repeat the surgery (P=0.861). No significant differences were found in OSS (P=0.612), SSV (P=0.641), NRS at rest (P=0.684) or during activity (P=0.422). Conclusions: This study found no significant differences between patients with a good reaction or a minimal reaction to an AC injection after aDCR surgery. The outcomes of this study seem to suggest that a distinction between symptomatic and asymptomatic radiographic AC OA is unnecessary, as all patients were equally satisfied with the outcome.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide information for developing a rehabilitation intervention that improves adaptation and the quality of life after mastectomy by investigating the level of physical function and fatigue in mastectomy patients. Methods : The subjects were 63 patients selected from St. Mary's Kangnam hospital Data were collected from March to June, 2003. Physical function was measured by the range of motion of the shoulder joint, shoulder function, and physical symptoms. fatigue was measured by using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI). Results : The range of motion on the affected side was significantly lower than that in the healthy side. Shoulder function score was highest in the item of 'pull on pants', and lowest in the item of 'back zipper'. Physical symptom score was highest in the item of 'numbness', and lowest in the item of 'Itching sensation'. The highest item interfered by fatigue was 'normal work (includes both work outside the home and daily chores)'. Conclusion : The result of this study suggests that effective rehabilitation intervention for mastectomy patients should be needed to improve physical function, and reduce fatigue.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2012

Purpose : This study's purpose is consideration about change of the hand grip strength according to different posture and shoulder flexion angle. The shoulder joint permits the greatest mobility and carries out the important function of stabilization for hand use. Hand grip activity is important to evaluate while assessing loads of shoulder in hand mobilities. Methods : Thirty(15 male, 15 female) college students with unknown shoulder dysfunction participated subject in five different positions of elbow extension with sitting and standing posture, different positions is followed : (1) shoulder $0^{\circ}$ flexion (2) shoulder $45^{\circ}$ flexion (3) shoulder $90^{\circ}$ flexion (4) shoulder $135^{\circ}$ flexion (5) shoulder $180^{\circ}$ flexion. Results : On the average, in the hand grip strength, the standing posture is higher than sitting posture. Sitting posture showed a most high level at the man's $0^{\circ}$ and woman's $135^{\circ}$. And standing posture showed a most high level at the man's $135^{\circ}$ and woman's $90^{\circ}$. Conclusion : The paired t-test was used to determine the different in grip strength between sitting and standing posture by shoulder angle change. There was no significant difference between the five position by sitting and standing posture. In man, correlation analysis revealed significant connection for all five position by sitting and standing posture. And in woman, correlation analysis revealed connection for all five position by sitting and standing posture.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2009

Glenohumeral ligaments play an important role in stabilizing the shoulder. However, it is impossible to know how they function in vivo during shoulder motion. To help elucidate this stabilizing role, we conducted in vivo three-dimensional kinematics of the normal shoulder joint using a markerless bone-registration technique. Magnetic resonance images of 14 shoulder joints of 7 healthy volunteers were acquired for 7 isometric abduction positions between $0^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$. We then calculated three-dimensional shortest paths between the origin and insertion of each ligament based on anatomical study in each abduction position. At $0^{\circ}$ of abduction, the posterior band of the coracohumeral ligament displayed the maximum length. At $30^{\circ}$ of abduction, the superior glenohumeral ligament displayed the maximum length. At $60^{\circ}$ of abduction, the anterior band of the coracohumeral ligament and the middle glenohumeral ligament displayed the maximum length. At $120^{\circ}$ of abduction, the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament displayed the maximum length. We think that the maximum length of these results is an important influence on the function of the soft tissue stabilizer.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2022

Background: Rotator cuff tears cause pathologies of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT). One of the surgical treatments for such a tear is LHBT tenodesis to the humerus. This study aims to compare simultaneous rotator cuff repair and LHBT tenodesis with or without detachment of the proximal end of the LHBT (PELHBT) from its site of adhesion to the glenoid. Methods: This retrospective study involved patients affected by LHBT pathology with rotator cuff tear. The patients were divided into two groups, with or without PELHBT detachment from the glenoid. Therapeutic outcomes were investigated by evaluation of patient satisfaction, pain based on visual analog scale, shoulder function based on Constant score and simple shoulder test, and biceps muscle strength based on the manual muscle testing grading system before surgery, at 6 months, and at the final visit after surgery. Results: Groups 1 and 2 comprised 23 and 26 patients, respectively, who showed no significant differences in demographic characteristics (p>0.05). Shoulder function, biceps muscle strength, pain, and satisfaction rate improved over time (p<0.05) but were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). No post-surgical complication was found in either group. Conclusions: There was no difference in final outcomes of tenodesis with or without detachment of the PELHBT from the supraglenoid tubercle. Such tendon detachment is not necessary.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.266-273
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• 1999

The maximum work capacity at various shoulder angles was estimated in terms of joint moment through maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) measurement, and the result was compared to workload computed from 3-D static lifting model (3DSSPP) based upon national institute of safety and health (NIOSH) lifting guideline (1991). The electromyography (EMG) of anterior/posterior deltoid and trapezius muscle was also recorded to study the function of individual muscle during asymmetric shoulder lifting. Psychophysical workload was measured to observe the difference from MVC or biomechanical estimation. An apparatus was constructed for the study and twenty five trials including five flexion angles and five add/abduction angles were performed isometrically. Results indicated that MVC at 30 degree of flexion was the strongest whereas MVC at 120 degree was the weakest. In case of add/abduction, MVC decreased to 77 to 89 % during add/abduction compared to the MVC at neutral position. Regarding the normalized EMG value, a substantial increase was observed at 30 and 60 degree abduction. More importantly, the shoulder moment computed from maximum permissible limit (MPL) was greater than the moment at MVC condition during 30 degree adduction. Current result can be used as a reference information for a safe workplace design to prevent the shoulder from an excessive work load in industry.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the response rate to arthroscopic release treatment in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (ACS) for patients with refractory to conservative treatment. Methods: In this retrospective study, 51 patients (age mean, 49.1±5.6 years) with unilateral adherent capsule underwent arthroscopic releasing surgery for the shoulder capsule. Etiologies of the ACS in 30 patients were idiopathic: 10 patients were affected after surgery and 11 patients following trauma. The patients were evaluated in terms of shoulder function, satisfaction rate, pain intensity, and joint range of motion (ROM) based on a Constant score, a Simple Shoulder Test, the visual analog scale, and four movements, respectively. Results: The mean Constant score before surgery was 48.2±3.5 and reached 74.4±6 and 77.0±6.3 at 6 months and the final follow-up, respectively (p<0.001). The mean scores of pain intensity, a Simple Shoulder Test, and ROM showed significant improvement at all follow-ups (p<0.001). Sex, age, and diabetes did not have any significant effect on patient recovery. However, patients who experienced ACS after surgery had poorer results than others at all follow-up points. Conclusions: Arthroscopic releasing surgery of the shoulder in patients with ACS refractory to conservative treatment produces rare complications and an effective injury response. It seems that patients suffering ACS following surgery have a weaker response to the treatment.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

Purpose: There is a need to apply the Tai Chi program to help early mastectomy patients improve their upper limb functions and for the emotional state as well. Method: Participants were recruited at breast cancer centers of two general hospitals from February 17 to April 25, 2005. Twenty-five subjects in the experimental group and 23 subjects in the control group participated for 12 weeks. The Tai chi program consisted of breast cancer self management education and a Tai Chi exercise program. Range of motion of the shoulder joint was determined by the Uni-level inclinometer, and functional assessment of the shoulder was evaluated with the tool. Data was analyzed by SPSS 11. Results: The experimental group had significantly increased shoulder range of motion, especially in external rotation, upper limb function and emotional state compared with the control group after program for 12 weeks. Conclusion: This program makes it possible to be independent and have a positive everyday life. In addition, it can help keep a healthy lifestyle in mastectomy women.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.553-564
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this studyaimed to investigate the effects of scapular stabilization training using the different exercise prop for impingement syndrome of factory workers. Design: A randomized controlled trial Methods: Twenty shoulder impingement syndrome subjects were randomly divided into two groups of ten subjects each. Inclusion criteria was presence of positive sign in at least two of Neer test, Hawkins test, Yocum test, Jobe test and Speeds test. Andexclusion criteria, those with surgical history of rotator cuff, those with disease in upper limb other than shoulder impingement syndrome, those who took anti-inflammatory drugs over the past 12 months were excluded from the sample. One group was performed scapula stabilization exercise using elastic bands, while dumbbell group performed the exercise using dumbbell. Both groups performed the exercise after applying the general physical therapy. After applying five days a week for a total of six weeks, range of motion of shoulder joint, muscle strength and pain and function level were evaluated. Results: After the intervention, in both groups, all dependent variables at the 6-week post-test significantly improved compared with the pre-test (p<0.05). In addition, elastic band exercise group showed a significant differences in SPADI function score and SPADI total score compared to the dumbbell group(p<0.05). Conclusions: The elastic band training may be effective methodology using low-to-moderate intensity resistance for SPADI scores.