• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

The aims of this study were to compare and analyze two types of deep cervical flexion exercises, craniocervical flexion and cervical flexion, and to ascertain their relative effects on neck and shoulder pain and functional improvement. The participants of the study were individuals who work in sedentary jobs in an office environment. 54 appropriate subjects were chosen and randomly divided into two groups: one group underwent a craniocervical flexion exercise program and the other a cervical flexion exercise program. The six week exercise program consisted of home exercises performed by each subject five times a week and education once a week. Neck-shoulder pain, muscle strengthening, cervical alignment were measured prior to commencement of the exercise programs and again after six weeks. At completion of the six week, both exercise programs decreased neck pain (p<.05). Forward head postures were reduced, and the craniocervical flexion exercise program was more effective in reducing forward head posture (p<.05). The maximum muscle strength and 50% of maximum muscle strength maintaining time of the deep cervical flexor muscles were significantly increased. There were no significant changes of the cervical lordotic curve. The results of this study showed deep cervical flexion exercise was effective in the treatment of neck and shoulder pain, however craniocervical flexion exercise was more effective than cervical flexion exercise.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2020

Objective: This study investigated the effects of combining both mobilization and hold-relax (HR) technique on the function of post-surgical patients with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Forty-five surgical patients with shoulder adhesive capsulitis participated in this study and were randomly divided into three groups; both mobilization with movement (MWM) and HR technique (HR-MWM) group (n=15), the MWM group (n=15), and control group (n=15). All participants received three different interventions; 1) MWM combined with HR technique in PNF stretching on the shoulder, 2) MWM on the shoulder, 3) general physical therapy and intervention with neither MWM or HR stretching. Pre- and post-intervention, each subject was randomly evaluated for shoulder flexion range of motion (ROM), shoulder flexor muscle strength, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the Korean version of the Shoulder Pain And Disability Index (SPADI). Results: The MWM combined with HR technique group had significant effects on shoulder flexion ROM, shoulder flexor muscle strength, VAS and SPADI compared to the MWM and control group (p<0.05). The MWM group showed a significantly greater increase in shoulder flexion ROM compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that combining both the MWM and HR technique on the shoulder may more effectively improve shoulder function than MWM alone or without MWM&HR technique. Therefore, combining both the MWM and HR technique is a suggested intervention for increasing function due to shoulder adhesive capsulitis after surgery.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.567-571
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study find out the effect of torque and power through various solidity of mouth guard on shoulder flexion and extension. METHODS: This study was conducted with healthy adults in their 20s Korean. Cybex system was used to measure the torque and power fo shoulder joint flexion/extension during isokinetic contraction when the various solidity mouth guard was used and no mouth guard was used. RESULT: The results of this study were summarized as follows: relative torque and average power was showed significantly difference between non applying mouth guard and applying hard type mouth guard during shoulder flexion and extension at isokinetic contraction. CONCLUSION: The application of hard type mouth guard was increased torque and power in joint of body. which may be clinically useful.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 1998

We have performed the operations for the restoration of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion in 17 patients(20 cases of neurotization) of brachial plexus injury at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Hospital from October 1991 to May 1997. The mean follow-up period was 42 months. After neurotization for brachial plexus injury, functional recovery of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion were good and fair in 65%. In the functional evaluation, the clinical results of whole arm type were poorer than those of upper arm type, and the operations performed within 6 months since the injury were better than those of other cases.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between shoulder gradient, range of motion of the neck, and subjective pain level of the potential risk group of smart-phone addiction. Methods : The subjects of this study were 90 women's who had potential risk of smart-phone addiction. VAS was used to measure subjectively pain intensity. Global Postural System was used to measure forward head posture. CROM was used to measure flexion, extension, lateral flexion of cervical range of motion. Results : The results of this study showed that was significant positive correlation between the both shoulder gradient, and cervical range of motion(p<.05). Statistically significant negative correlation between the VAS and left lateral flexion(p<.05). Conclusions : The difference between the gradient of both shoulders increased with the use of smart-phone addiction, and the cervical left lateral flexion decreased as the pain increased. This suggests that recognition on decrease of using smart phone and postural correction is necessary.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to investigate the perceived discomfort for postures combined with shoulder flexion/extension and elbow flexion, and external load. 12 healthy male undergraduate and graduate students participated in this experiment. Experimental variables were the shoulder flexion/extension angle(-20°, 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°), the elbow flexion angle (0°, 45°, 120°), and the external load(0, 1.5Kg, 3Kg) as independent variables and a whole body perceived discomfort using Borg's CR10 as a dependent variable. The subjects maintained the given posture for 60 seconds and then rated the perceived discomfort. The ANOVA results showed that all main factors and two-way interactions were statistically significant at α=0.05. As a result of regression analysis to examine the effect of external load on the perceived discomfort, the perceived discomfort linearly increased as the level of external load increased. Then, the effect of external load on the perceived discomfort was quantitatively classified into three levels based on the result of regression analysis.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2023

Background: Individuals with scapular winging have a weak serratus anterior (SA) muscle, and to compensate, the pectoralis major (PM) and upper trapezius (UT) muscles excessively activate, which can cause upper extremity dysfunction. This study aimed to compare the effects of isometric horizontal abduction (IHA) on SA, PM, and UT muscle activity, as well as the SA/PM and SA/UT muscle activity ratios during knee push-up plus (KPP) at 90° and 120° of shoulder flexion. Objects: This study aimed to compare the effects of IHA on SA, PM, and UT muscle activity, as well as the SA/PM and SA/UT muscle activity ratios during KPP at 90° and 120° of shoulder flexion. Methods: This study, conducted at a university research laboratory, included 20 individuals with scapular winging. Participants performed KPP with and without IHA at 90° (KPP90) and 120° (KPP120) of shoulder flexion. SA, PM, and UT muscle activity were measured using surface electromyography. Results: PM activity in KPP90 with IHA was significantly lower than KPP90 and in KPP120 was significantly lower than KPP90. UT activity was significantly greater with IHA than without IHA and at 120° than 90° of shoulder flexion. SA/PM muscle activity ratio was significantly higher in KPP90 with IHA than without IHA and in KPP120 than in KPP90. SA/UT muscle activity ratio was significantly lower with IHA than without IHA. Conclusion: KPP90 with IHA and KPP120 are effective exercises to reduce PM activity and increase SA/PM muscle activity ratio. However, applying IHA in KPP90 also reduces SA/UT muscle activity ratio, implying that it would be preferable to apply KPP120 in individuals overusing their UT muscles.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ischemic compression treatment (ICT) or low-level laser therapy (LLLT) applied to the trigger points of the infraspinatus muscle on shoulder pain and function in patients with shoulder pain. Design: A randomized clinical trial Methods: Thirty patients with shoulder pain were randomly allocated into the ICT group (n=15) or LLLT groups (n=15). ICT was performed on three myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) of the infraspinatus muscle twice a week for 4 weeks (eight sessions), with 5 minutes of treatment per trigger point. LLLT was performed similarly. Shoulder pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and pain pressure threshold (PPT), and shoulder function was assessed using the Korean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, rotator cuff strength, and range of motion (ROM) of shoulder flexion and abduction. Results: Significant changes in VAS score and PPT were found after the intervention in both groups (p<0.05). Significant changes were observed in the Korean DASH score, rotator cuff strength, and ROM of shoulder flexion (p<0.05) but not in the ROM of shoulder abduction (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: This study showed that both ICT and LLLT applied on the MTrPs of the infraspinatus muscle were effective for relieving shoulder pain and improving shoulder functions in patients with shoulder pain.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.449-452
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the coordination between trunk flexion and lower limb extension contributing to vertical propulsion during sit-to-stand (STS) at different chair heights in the elderly. Methods: Ten elderly subjects were asked to stand up at their natural speed from different chair heights : (1) $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion; (2) $100^{\circ}$ knee flexion; (3) $110^{\circ}$ knee flexion; and (4) $120^{\circ}$ knee flexion. A standard chair without a backrest or armrests was used in this study. To remove inertial effects of upper limb movements, subjects were asked to stand up from a chair with their arms crossed at the chest. Mean of results of three trials were used in the analysis at different knee flexion angles. Distances moved by the shoulder for compensatory trunk movement was recorded by motion analysis and vertical force was recorded under foot using force plates. Distances moved by the shoulder and vertical ground reaction force measurements were analyzed using repeated ANOVA. Results: Distances moved by the shoulder significantly decreased with higher chair (p<0.05). Vertical forces were not significant difference on chair heights (p>0.05), but results of pairwise comparisons for vertical force revealed significant difference between $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion and $120^{\circ}$ knee flexion (p<0.05). Conclusion: Trunk movement is probably used as a compensatory mechanism at low chair heights to increase lift-off from sitting by the elderly.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2000

Thirty normal adults were tested to measure the electrical activity of the anterior (AD), middle (MD), and posterior portion (PD) of the deltoid muscle and sternal portion of the pectoralis major muscle (PM) during the performance of four upper extremity PNF diagonal patterns with elbow flexion angle in $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$. The PNF patterns in which these muscles function optimally have been theoretically advanced by Kabat and further described by Knott and Voss. They theorize that the MD should be most active with shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation (D2F); the PD with shoulder extension, abduction, and internal rotation (D1E); the AD with shoulder flexion, adduction, and external rotation (D1F); and the PM with shoulder extension, adduction and internal rotation (D2E). The patterns were performed through range of motion, with an isometric contraction performed in the shortened range. When the EMG activity of AD, MD, PD and PM in its optimal patterns was measured, it does not have significant difference among fixed elbow flexion angle $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$ (p>.05). In addition, suggestions were made for study of patients who exhibit imbalance of muscle strength and have muscle weakness.