• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.133-141
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) rehabilitation exercise on postoperative range of motion (ROM), pain, and function of breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data regarding the use of PNF rehabilitation exercise for patients with breast cancer. Methods: Fourteen patients who underwent surgery due to breast cancer were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=7) that performed PNF rehabilitation exercise and a control group (n=7) that performed general rehabilitation exercise. Both groups performed the respective exercises for 30 minutes, five times a week for 4 weeks. For the measurement of ROM, the range of shoulder abduction was measured using a clinometer smartphone application. The shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) was used to measure the level of pain and functional activity. A paired t-test was conducted to compare within-group changes before and after the PNF rehabilitation exercise. Differences between the experimental group and control group were analyzed by an independent t-test. For all tests, the level of statistical significance was set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: After the exercise, there was a significant within-group change in the ROM and SPADI in both the experimental group and control group (p<0.01). There was also a significant between-group difference in the ROM and SPADI after the intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: Rehabilitation exercise is generally applied as a treatment for patients with breast cancer after surgery and is relatively effective. The application of PNF rehabilitation exercise may be useful in such patients, considering its effects on ROM improvement, pain reduction, and functional enhancement.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.491-500
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of resistive exercise using an elastic band on range of motion, function and shoulder pain. Methods: Forty two subjects who had rotator cuff surgery were assigned either to a treatment or a comparison group, twenty one each. Following a six week period after surgery those in the treatment group participated in resistant exercise using an elastic band for four weeks. The subjects in the comparison group did not participate in the exercise program. The goniometer measured range of motion, a modified tool measured function, and a self report numerical rating scale measured pain. The data were analyzed using $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact, t-test and the Mann-Whitney Test. Results: Although not statistically significant, there was a trend that more subjects in the treatment group had increased range of motion. There was a statistically significance among the treatment group in terms of increased function (p=.015). Further the treatment group reported less pain that those in the comparison group (p<.001). Conclusion: The findings support that resistance exercise is an effective strategy for patients with rotator cuff repair.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of elastic band-resistive exercise using audio-visual medium on pain, proprioception, and motor function in adults with chronic neck and shoulder pain. Design: One group pretest-posttest follow-up experimental design. Method: Twenty adult women with neck and shoulder pain voluntarily participated in this study. Elastic band-resistive exercise using audio-visual medium including cervical flexion and extension, shoulder external rotation, and scapular retraction-protraction motions was conducted 5 times a week for 3 weeks. The Numerical Rating Scale, pressure threshold tool, CROM goniometer, and Image J software were used to assess subjective pain level, tenderness threshold (pain), joint position sense error (proprioception), joint range of motion, and postural alignment (motor function), respectively. Result:: The pain intensity and threshold and joint position sense error showed significant decreases after the intervention, whereas the joint range of motion angle revealed significant increases. The postural alignment including forward head posture and rounded shoulder revealed significant improvements after the intervention. Conclusions: Therefore, we suggest that elastic band-resistive exercise through audio-visual medium would be helpful in preventing and managing pain and physical dysfunction in individuals with chronic neck and shoulder pain, and then it would support the development of health management-related online education content.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of group exercise, manual therapy, and a home exercise program on VAS (visual analogue scale), ROM (range of motion) of shoulder, and functional outcome in adhesive capsulitis. Methods: The study was conducted with 45 patients. All subjects were randomly assigned to 3 groups: group exercise (n=15), manual therapy (n=15), home exercise (n=15). The subjects performed an intervention program 3 times a week for 4 weeks a total of 12 times. Outcome measurements were VAS, ROM, and Constant-Murley score outcome measures. Measurements were taken four times, at baseline, 4 weeks later, 8 weeks later, and 12 weeks later. Results: VAS, ROM of the shoulder, and functional outcomes showed improvement in all groups at the final follow-up (p<0.05). VAS and ROM showed greater improvement with group exercise and manual therapy than home exercise, however, there were no significant differences between the two groups (p>0.05). Functional outcomes showed the greatest improvement in group exercise at the final follow-up. This improvement was greater than with manual therapy or home exercise (p<0.05). Conclusion: Group exercise and manual therapy were more effective for improving pain, ROM, and function than home exercise in adhesive capsulitis. In particular, group exercise is more effective in functional recovery than other physiotherapy interventions.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of flexi-bar exercise on shoulder pain, dysfunction, quality of life, and range of motion of women with breast cancer surgery. Methods: A total of 42 female patients who had breast cancer were included in this study. By drawing lots, subjects were divided into a flexi-bar exercise group (FBG, n=21) and a general breast cancer group (GBG, n=18). The effects of flexi-bar exercise on patients were evaluated in terms of the visual analogue scale (VAS), the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), the European organization for the research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), the breast cancer specific EORTC quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-BR23), and range of motion (ROM), all of which were measured pre- and post- intervention followed by evaluation. Results: A significant increase was pain, functional disability level, quality of life, ROM within the two groups (p<.01). There were pain, functional disability level, quality of life, ROM post test then invention were significant between the two groups(p<.01). Conclusion: The flexi-bar exercise has a positive treatment effect on breast cancer patients.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2020

Background: Stretch-oriented home exercise programs are often used as treatments for patients with adhesive capsulitis; however, there is lack of research on home exercise programs to strengthen rotator cuffs. Objects: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening on pain, range of motion (ROM), disability level, and quality of life in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Methods: Twenty-two patients with adhesive capsulitis volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 11) and control group (n = 11). For the experimental group, manual therapy and home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening were applied for 6 weeks; for the control group, only manual therapy was applied for 6 weeks. Shoulder pain (quadruple visual analogue scale, QVAS), ROM, disability (shoulder pain and disability index-Korean version, SPADI), and quality of life (world health organization quality of life scale-Korean version, WHOQOL-BREF) were evaluated at baseline, after 3 weeks, and after 6 weeks of intervention. The changes in the measurement variables were analyzed by using repeated measure analysis of variance. Results: Significant differences were observed between the experimental group and control group in the QVAS; SPADI-pain scores; SPADI-disability scores; SPADI-total scores; flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation ROM of the glenohumeral joint; and WHOQOL-BREF total, overall, physical health, and psychological scores. All groups displayed statistically significant improvements as observed in the QVAS, SPADI, flexion, abduction, external and internal rotation ROM of the glenohumeral joint, and WHOQOL-BREF. Conclusion: Home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening had a positive impact on shoulder pain, shoulder ROM, disability level, and quality of life in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Therefore, we propose the use of home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening in the exercise rehabilitation of patients with adhesive capsulitis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of complex theraputic exercise on visual analog scale of pain, shoulder' range of motion for middle-aged women with breast cancer related lymphedema. METHODS: The 14 middle-aged women involved voluntary in this study and then they were divided into two groups(n =7 per group). The complex exercise program was implemented over 4 weeks, 60 minutes per day, with 3 types of exercise for stimulation whereas the control group was performed a classical decongestive physiotherapy in a same day. For data analysis, the mean and standard deviation were estimated; 2 way repeated measures ANOVA was carried out. RESULTS: First, The level of VAS was significantly reduced on time, interaction effect in the group. Second, most factors of ROM were significantly increased on time, interaction effect whereas extension was not significantly increased. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Our results showed that complex therapeutic exercise could improve or maintain VAS and ROM of shoulder joint for middle-aged women with breast cancer related lymphedema.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a shoulder-strengthening exercise on muscle strength of shoulder flexors and extensors of caregivers. Methods: The study consisted of 19 caregivers (2 males and 17 females) employed by Medical Center B. All the participants took part in an 8-week shoulder muscle strengthening exercise, based on previous studies. In the first week, the subjects took part in a stretching exercise enhance the range of motion. In the second week, they participated in an exercise aimed at improving shoulder blade stability. From the third to seventh weeks, a resistance exercise of different intensities was applied in a phased manner. Finally, in the eight week, the subjects took part in plyometric exercise. Peak torque, average power, and total work of shoulder flexors and extensors in both sides were measured before and after the exercise at an angular speed of 120deg/sec using an isokinetic device. Wilcoxon's singed-ranks test was conducted to analyze differences in muscle strength before and after the intervention. Results: After the exercise, there was a significant improvement in peak torque and average power of flexors of the right arm. After the exercise, peak torque, total work, and average power showed a significant improvement in the flexors of the left arm (p<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in extensor muscle strength in either arm after the exercise. Conclusion: Shoulder flexors of caregivers are utilized frequently in the workplace. Implementation of extensor-strengthening exercises, in addition to flexor-strengthening exercises, can contribute to reducing the incidence rate of shoulder injuries among caregivers.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of early stabilization exercise focused on the scapulothoracic joint on the recovery of surgical patients due to rotator cuff tear. Methods: The subjects were 30 patients divided randomly into two groups. Group I consisted of 15 patients who practiced shoulder joint stabilization exercises, including glenohumeral joint movement. Group II consisted of 15 patients who practiced scapulothoracic joint stabilization exercises, excluding glenohumeral joint movement. The duration of stabilization exercise was 30 minutes for one day, five days a week, and five weeks. To measure the dependent variables, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, range of motion (ROM), dynamometer of measured grip were used. Results: The DASH, ROM, and grip power were compared. A significant difference was observed before the intervention in each group (p<.05), and there was no significant difference between group I and group II (p>.05). Conclusion: Both shoulder joint and scapulothoracic joint stabilization exercises were effective after the intervention compared to preintervention, but there was no difference between the two groups. Unlike many recent studies on the initiation of stabilization exercises, this study allays the concerns between the advantages of 'early exercise' and oppositions of previous studies about 'early exercise'. Nevertheless, further research regarding these subjects is needed.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) pectoralis minor stretching and lower trapezius strengthening exercise on posture change, shoulder range of motion (ROM), and pain in rotator cuff repair patients with a rounded shoulder posture (RSP). Methods: Following baseline measurements, the subjects (n = 25) with rotator cuff repair were randomized into two groups: the PNF group (n = 13), which engaged in PNF pectoralis minor stretching and lower trapezius strengthening exercise, and the control group (n = 12), which received traditional physical therapy. Each group participated in the intervention five times per week for two weeks. The RSP values for the postural changes, flexion and abduction ROM, and visual analogue scales (VASs) of both groups were recorded at both pre- and post-intervention. In addition, before and after the intervention, a paired t-test was conducted to compare the within-group changes and an independent t-test to compare the between-group differences. Results: After the two-week intervention, both groups experienced significantly decreased RSP and VAS values (p < 0.05) and a significantly increased ROM (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the PNF group showed greater improvements in RSP, ROM, and VAS than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that PNF pectoralis minor stretching and lower trapezius strengthening exercise reduce posture and shoulder pain and enhance ROM in rotator cuff repair patients with RSP.