• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.63-68
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• 2008

The fatigue characteristics of bevel gear used for differential gear of automobile was investigated in this paper. From the A-N(Almen intensity-Number of fracture)curve of bevel gear it was shown that there was a specific time that have a maximum fatigue life. Optimal peening condition was 65m/s of project velocity and 8min of project time. Fatigue life was also investigated from the S-N curve between optimal peened specimen and unpeened specimen. Another very significant point is that the crack initiation of bevel gear by shot peening was generated in the subsurface from fractography. This paper shows that shot peening process tremendously improve fatigue characteristics of bevel gear.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.311-322
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• 2009

Using the 3-D analysis, this study winpared and analyzed the 'fade-shot swing' which is one of the golf technique. The subjects of this study were 3 male pro golfers they experimented with only a 7 iron. The purpose was to enhance their performance by producing the important kinematical parameters, finding out the features in them and providing the data to a coach and players. As a result, the position of the club head showed from the outside orbit to the inside orbit. When position of the center of mass moved backwards, the probability of the failure of the fade-shot increased. Cocking angle had an effect on easing the wrist for a smooth follow-through after the impact. It showed that the changes in the shoulder movement was made first and followed by the waist. The hip joint angular velocity achieved a smooth fade-shot motion due to the hitting delay also the velocity of the club-head was faster when uncocking was released at the time of impact.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.189-195
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of real-time visual feedback weight shift training during golf swinging on golf performance. Design: Repeated-measures crossover design. Methods: Twenty-sixth amateur golfers were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: The golf swing training with real-time feedback on weight shift (experimental group) swing training on the Wii balance board (WBB) by viewing the center of pressure (COP) trajectory on the WBB. All participants were assigned to the experimental group and the control group. The general golf swing training group (control group) performed on the ground. The golf performance was measured using a high-speed 3-dimensional camera sensor which analyses the shot distance, ball velocity, vertical launch angle, horizontal launch angle, back spin velocity and side spin velocity. The COP trajectory was assessed during 10 practice sessions and the mean was used. The golf performance measurement was repeated three times and its mean value was used. The assessment and training were performed at 24-hour intervals. Results: After training sessions, the change in shot distance, ball velocity, and horizontal launch angle pre- and post-training were significantly different when using the driver and iron clubs in the experimental group (p<0.05). The interaction time${\times}$group and time${\times}$club were not significant for all variables. Conclusions: In this study, real-time feedback training using real-time feedback on weight shifting improves golf shot distance and accuracy, which will be effective in increasing golf performance. In addition, it can be used as an index for golf player ability.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.377-381
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• 2006

A seismic survey for gas hydrate have performed over the East sea by the KIGAM since 1997. General indicator of gas hydrate in seismic data is commonly inferred from the BSR(Bottom Simulating Reflector) that occurred parallel to the sea floor, amplitude decrease at the top of the BSR, amplitude blanking at the bottom of the BSR, decrease of the interval velocity and the reflection phase reversal at the BSR. In this paper we had analyzed optimum parameters of the field data to detect the 9as hydrate. Shot delay correction is applied 95ms, spherical divergence correction is applied velocity library 3, bandpass filter is applied 25-30-115-120Hz deconvolution operator length is applied 60ms, lag is 6ms and accurate velocity analysis NMO correction, stack is performed. Geobit 2.11.0 developed by the KIGAM was used for all data processing. Processing results say that the BSR occurred parallel to the sea floor were shown at 3,150m/s of two way travel time from the sea floor through shot point 5,000-5,610, and identified the interval velocity decrease around BSR and the reflection phase reversal corresponding to the reflection at the sea floor.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.233-238
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• 2013

In the case of casting materials or ductile materials for marine equipment, it is common to employ a surface modification for achieving cost reduction and improvement in strength. In particular, aluminium bronze ALBC3 exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, and thus widely used for marine application. However, application of the material under high-velocity seawater flow may induce electrochemical corrosion damage and physical damage such as cavitation erosion, leading to shorter service life of equipment. In this study, surface modification was carried out on ALBC3 alloy for different shot peening stand-off distances, and the physical hardness and electrochemical characteristics before and after modification were investigated. The results in each case showed the hardness increase in comparison with non-peened specimen, and the maximum hardness improvement(50 %) was found in 10 cm of shot-peening stand-off distance. It is observed that the electrochemical characteristics were irrelevant to application of shot peening.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2003

This study is examine and analysis of the most flying and run distance during swing three times with six balls between two amateurs and pro-golfers in golf field in Sungnam airport. During down swing, kinetics variances are velocity of club-head and balls, vertical angular velocity. this scientic data present amateur golfers with recognition of long flying distances for golf balls. Through this study, the conclusions are as follows. 1. Before impact the balls, The club-head velocity of amateur golfers and pro-golfers show 33.34 - 39.53m/s, 39.04 - 42.82m/s respectively during the down swing. But The club-head velocity, flight and Run distances comparative $K_1$ amateur golfer with the pro-golfer are similar. 2. After impact the balls, The balls velocity if amateur golfers show 53.04 - 61.57m/s, The pro-golfers show 62.32 - 63.4m/s respectively during the down swing. In case of $K_3$,$K_4$, After the impact balls velocity comparative The RA brand with other brand are similar, Flight and Run distance are difference. 3. After impact the balls, The balls velocity are difference to other brand but The long flight and Run distance arrange RA, BIG, TITL. 4. In the vertical flight angle of the ball after impact, amateur golfer showed 16.75 - $18.73^{\circ}$. The pro-golfer showed 15.03 - $16.04^{\circ}$. In the vertical flight angle of the balls ideal $12-13^{\circ}$, The long flight and Run distance approach In the vertical flight angle the balls $12-13^{\circ}$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

A study of new materials that are light-weight, high in strength has become vital to the machinery of auto industries. But then, there are a lot of problems with developing such materials that require expensive tools, and a great deal of time and effort. Therefore, the improvement of fatigue strength and fatigue life are mainly focused on by adopting residual stress. And Influence of corrosive condition for corrosion fatigue crack was investigated, after immersing in 3.5%NaCl, $10%HNO_3$+3.5%HF, $6%FeCl_3$. The immersion period was performed for 365days. The compressive residual stress was imposed on the surface according to each shot velocity based on shot peening, which is the method of improving fatigue life and strength. Fatigue life shows more improvement in the shot peened material than in the un peened material in corrosion conditions. The threshold stress intensity factor range was decreased in corrosion environments over ambient. Compressive residual stress of surface on the Shot-peen processed operate resistance force of fatigue crack propagation. The fatigue crack growth rate of the Shot-peened material was lower than that of the un peened material. Also m, fatigue crack growth exponent and number of cycle of the shot peened material was higher than that of the un peened material. That is concluded from effect of da/dN.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.112-118
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• 2002

Injection molding process factors such as molding temperature, injection pressure, flow rate and flow velocity, must be controlled properly in filling and packing phases in the injection molding process. In this study, effects of these factors on the injection molding were investigated through the flow analysis fur the filling and packing phases. Molding troubles like flow mark, weld line, sink mark, short shot and warpage can be caused by these injection molding process factors. Among them, the short shot was caused by that the packing pressure could not reach properly to the filling end part in the packing phase and hence the flow rate could not be supplied to the full. In addition, as the flow rate for the volumetric shrinkage during the frozen phase could not be supplied properly by the packing pressure, the short shot appeared. Here, the volumetric shrinkage reduced with increasing the packing pressure and also the warpage of molded part increased with increasing the packing pressure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.44-53
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• 2002

Injection molding process factors such as molding temperature, injection pressure, flow rate and flow velocity, must be controlled properly in filling and packing phases in the injection molding process. In this study, effects of these factors on the injection molding were investigated through the flow analysis for the filling and packing phases. Molding troubles like flow mark weld line, sink ma가 short shot and warpage car be caused by these injection molding process factors. Among them the short shot was caused by the fact that the packing pressure could not reach properly to the filling end part in the packing phase and hence the flow rate could not be supplied to the full. In addition as the flow rate for the volumetric shrinkage during the f개zen phase could not be supplied Properly by the packing pressure, the short shot appeared. Here, the volumetric shrinkage reduced with increasing the packing pressure and also the warpage of molded part increased with increasing the packing Pressure.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5148-5154
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic characteristics of the thrower's center of mass (COM) and the shot that her performance hits record high for the 29th National Athletic Competition. Two S-VHS video cameras were used to visualize. The Direct Linear Transformation technique was employed to paint a clear picture in the three dimensional coordination. Kwon3D was used to analyze the data. The results showed that release velocity and height were 13.73 m/s and 198.6 cm(119% by height ratio), respectively, which is considered as peak performance comparing an extensive review of previous literature on the shot put. Release angle was $34^{\circ}$, which is lower than the previous studies. The path of thrower's center of mass is needed to travel in a release direction during the flight phase. The vertical movement of the thrower's center of mass during the driving should be controlled. At release, the perfact timing is required without vertical and horizontal movements of the thrower's center of mass.