• Title/Summary/Keyword: Short-time energy function

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Effects of Long- and Short-term Consumption of Energy Drinks on Anxiety-like, Depression-like, and Cognitive Behavior in Adolescent Rats

  • Lee, Joo Hee;Lee, Jong Hyeon;Choi, You Jeong;Kim, Youn Jung
    • Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.111-118
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of long- and short-term energy drinks on anxiety-like, depressionlike, and cognitive behavior in adolescent rats. Methods: Adolescent rats (age six weeks) were randomly classified into a control group (CON), a long-term administration group (LT), and a short-term administration group (ST). The LT group was orally administered 1.5 mL/100 g (body weight) of energy drink twice daily for 14 days, the ST group was orally administered for one day, and the control group applied the same amount of normal saline. Later, an open-field test, a forced swim test, novel object recognition test, and an 8-arm radial maze test was conducted to assess the rats' anxiety, depression, and cognitive function. Results: There were different effects in the long- and short-term groups of energy drink administration. In the LT group, anxiety- and depressive-like behavior increased because of increased movement in the side corner and decrease of immobility time. Also, the time to explore novel objects decreased, and the number of correct responses was reduced, indicating a learning and memory function disorder. However, the ST group was not different from the control group. Conclusion: These results indicate that long-term consumption of energy drinks can increase anxiety-like, depression-like behavior, and this can lead to decrease in learning and memory functions. Thus, nurse and health care providers should understand the impact of energy drink consumption in adolescence to provide appropriate practices and education.

A Novel Second Order Radial Basis Function Neural Network Technique for Enhanced Load Forecasting of Photovoltaic Power Systems

  • Farhat, Arwa Ben;Chandel, Shyam.Singh;Woo, Wai Lok;Adnene, Cherif
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.77-87
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    • 2021
  • In this study, a novel improved second order Radial Basis Function Neural Network based method with excellent scheduling capabilities is used for the dynamic prediction of short and long-term energy required applications. The effectiveness and the reliability of the algorithm are evaluated using training operations with New England-ISO database. The dynamic prediction algorithm is implemented in Matlab and the computation of mean absolute error and mean absolute percent error, and training time for the forecasted load, are determined. The results show the impact of temperature and other input parameters on the accuracy of solar Photovoltaic load forecasting. The mean absolute percent error is found to be between 1% to 3% and the training time is evaluated from 3s to 10s. The results are also compared with the previous studies, which show that this new method predicts short and long-term load better than sigmoidal neural network and bagged regression trees. The forecasted energy is found to be the nearest to the correct values as given by England ISO database, which shows that the method can be used reliably for short and long-term load forecasting of any electrical system.

Development of Outage Cost Impact Index Function of Electricity Energy and Outage Cost Assessment using WOROCAIS (전력에너지 공급지장비의 충격도지수 함수개발 및 WOROCAIS를 이용한 이의 추정에 관한 연구)

  • Lim, Jin-Taek;Choi, Jae-Seok;Jeon, Dong-Hoon;Seo, Chul-Soo;Lee, Jae-Gul
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.62 no.8
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    • pp.1066-1073
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    • 2013
  • This paper illustrates newly an outage cost impact index function(OCIIF). The assessment of the OCIIF is described using the Web Based Online Real-time Outage Cost Assessment and Information System(WOROCAIS) for power system outage cost assessment in Korea. The proposed OCIIF is not absolute but relative outage cost impact index function in view point of outage time using web based survey method for outage cost assessment. While conventional methodology does not consider short time outage cost assessment, the proposed OCIIF reflects short time outage. SCOF(Sector Customer Outage Function) in stead of the traditional SCDF(Sector Customer Damage Function) is defined and proposed newly in this paper. Based the SCOF, AVLL(Average Value of Loss Load) is newly proposed. The OCIIF is demonstrated by WOROCAIS in case study around 2,000 sample data surveyed by KEPCO in South Korea in recent.

Estimation of the electricity demand function using a lagged dependent variable model (내생시차변수모형을 이용한 전력수요함수 추정)

  • Ahn, So-Yeon;Jin, Se-Jun;Yoo, Seung-Hoon
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 2016
  • The demand for electricity has a considerable impact on various energy sectors since electricity is generated from various energy sources. This paper attempts to estimate the electricity demand function and obtain some quantitative information on price and income elasticities of the demand. To this end, we apply a lagged dependent variable model to derive long-run as well as short-run elasticities using the time-series data over the period 1991-2014. Our dependent variable is annual electricity demand. The independent variables include constant term, real price of electricity, and real gross domestic product. The results show that the short-run price and income elasticities of the electricity demand are estimated to be -0.142 and 0.866, respectively. They are statistically significant at the 5% level. That is, the electricity demand is in-elastic with respect to price and income changes in the short-run. The long-run price and income elasticities of the electricity demand are calculated to be -0.210 and 1.287, respectively, which are also statistically meaningful at the 5% level. The electricity demand is still in-elastic with regard to price change in the long-run. However, the electricity demand is elastic regarding income change in the long-run. Therefore, this indicates that the effect of demand-side management policy through price-control is restrictive in both the short- and long-run. The growth in electricity demand following income growth is expected to be more remarkable in the long-run than in the short-run.

Refinement Behavior of Coarse Magnesium Powder by High Energy Ball Milling (HEBM) (고에너지 밀링공정을 이용한 조대 마그네슘 분말의 미세화 거동)

  • Song, Joon-Woo;Kim, Hyo-Seob;Kim, Hong-Moule;Kim, Taek-Soo;Hong, Soon-Jik
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.302-311
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    • 2010
  • In this research, the refinement behavior of the coarse magnesium powders fabricated by gas atomization was investigated as a function of milling time using a short duration high-energy ball milling equipment, which produces fine powders by means of an ultra high-energy within a short duration. The microstructure, hardness, and formability of the powders were investigated as a function of milling time using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Vickers micro-hardness tester and magnetic pulsed compaction. The particle morphology of Mg powders changed from spherical particles of feed metals to irregular oval particles, then platetype particles, with increasing milling time. Due to having HCP structure, deformation occurs due to the existence of the easily breakable C-axis perpendicular to the base, resulting in producing plate-type powders. With increasing milling time, the particle size increased until 5 minutes, then decreased gradually reaching a uniform size of about 50 micrometer after 20 minutes. The relative density of the initial power was 98% before milling, and mechanically milled powder was 92~94% with increase milling time (1~5 min) then it increased to 99% after milling for 20 minutes because of the change in particle shapes.

A STUDY OF THE DYNAMICAL CROSS CORRELATION FUNCTION IN A BLACK HOLE SOURCE XTE J1550-564

  • SRIRAM, K.;CHOI, C.S.;RAO, A.R.
    • Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.599-601
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    • 2015
  • The short time scale X-ray variability associated with the accretion disk around compact objects is complex and is vaguely understood. The study of the cross correlation function gives an insight into the energy dependent behavior of the variations and hence connected processes. Using high resolution RXTE data, we investigate the dynamical cross correlation function of an observation of a black hole source XTE J1550-564 in the steep power law state. The cross correlation between soft and hard X- ray energy bands revealed both correlated and anti-correlated delays (${\leq}{\pm}15s$) on a correlation time scale of 50 s. It was noticed that the observed delays were similar to the delays between X-ray and optical/IR bands in other black hole and neutron star sources. We discuss the possible mechanisms/processes to explain the observed delays in the dynamical CCF.

Position Estimation of Underwater Acoustic Source Using Pulsed CW Signal (Pulsed CW 신호를 사용하는 수중 음원의 위치 추정을 위한 시간지연차 추정법)

  • 최영근;손권;도경철;김기만
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.23 no.7
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    • pp.514-520
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    • 2004
  • There are many techniques for underwater source localization. These are the methods based on TDOA (Time Difference Of Arrival) estimation. beamforming techniques and high resolution techniques, etc. In this Paper we estimate the underwater source position using MCPSP (Modified Cross Power Spectrum Phase) function that is calculated on frequency domain using sensors of small number. However, the performances of the localizing method based on MCPSP function drops greatly in the case of CW (Continuous Wave) signal . In this Paper we proposed the TDOA estimation method for pulsed CW signal. In the Proposed method we composed of new segment including a edge of ping. This segment was computed by short-time energy detection. With theoretical representation the performances of the proposed method were analyzed under various environment.

Period Detection of Randomness Ultrasonic Signal Occurred Repeatedly by a Tire Damage (타이어 손상에 의해 반복적으로 발생하는 랜덤성 초음파 신호의 주기검출)

  • Jung, Sun-Yong;Kang, Dae-Soo
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.251-258
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    • 2013
  • We studied it about ways to detect damage of a tire about randomness ultrasonic signal which occurs repeatedly while rub a tire of driving car and a road surface. The signal randomness is decreased through the preprocess of short-time energy calculation and the average value of coherence function is used by the normalization expression of the signal randomness. The process limit that can be decide on the dominant period of a signal using the coherence threshold is analyzed and the algorithm to decide the dominant period is proposed by setting up the -3dB threshold of the maximum value on the power spectrum.

Analysis on Insulation and Protection Characteristics of Grid Connected ESS in Ground/Short-Circuit Fault (지/단락실증시험에서 MW급 계통연계형 ESS 절연/보호시스템 성능 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jin-Tae;Lee, Seung-Yong;Park, Sang-Jin;Cha, Han-Ju;Kim, Soo-Yeol
    • KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.119-122
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    • 2020
  • With recent ESS (Energy Storage System) fire accident, the fault protection performance is becoming more important. However, there has never been any experiments with the protection performance on the faults in the ESS system level. In this study, the effect of AC ground fault and IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar mode Transistor) short-circuit failure on MW class ESS was performed experimentally for the first time in the world. First of all, the effect of the AC single line ground fault on battery was analyzed. Moreover, the transient voltage was investigated as a function of the battery capacity and the power level. Finally, the breaking capability and insulation performance of ESS were examined under PCS short-circuit fault condition. Through the tests, it was found that ESS protection system safely blocked the faulty current regardless of the faults, whereas the electronic parts such as IGBT and MC (Magnetic Contactor) were broken by the fault current. Also, the electrical breakdown in ESS resulted from the transient voltage during the protection process.

Crystallization behavior of ITO thin films sputtered on substrates with and without heating (가열기판 및 비가열 기판에 증착한 ITO 박막의 결정화 거동)

  • Park, Ju-O;Lee, Joon-Hyung;Kim, Jeong-Joo;Cho, Sang-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2003.08a
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    • pp.89-92
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    • 2003
  • ITO thin films were deposited by RF-magnetron sputtering method and crystallization behavior of the films with and without external heating as a function of deposition time was examined. X-ray diffraction results indicated an amorphous state of the film when the deposition time is short about 10 min. When the deposition time was increased over 20 min development of crystallization of the films is observed. Because RF-sputtering transfers the high-energy to the growing film by energetic bombardment, it is believed that considerable activation energy for the crystallization of the film has transferred during deposition, which resulted in the crystallization of ITO thin films without external energy supply.

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