• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제59권4호
• /
• pp.415-419
• /
• 2021

The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium spp. is a diagnostic antigen and useful biomarker for monitoring short-term/seasonal changes to malaria transmission. Using P. vivax CSP antibody ELISA, epidemiological characteristics were analyzed in the residents of Ganghwa, Cheorwon, Paju, and Goseong from 2017 to 2018. In Ganghwa and Cheorwon, 1.6% and 1.2% of residents, respectively, were PvCSP-antibody-positive in 2018, which indicates a decrease of 0.4% in the positive rate compared to 2017. The annual parasite incidence (API) in Ganghwa and Cheorwon was 24.9 and 10.5 in 2017 and 20.3 and 10.7 in 2018, respectively. Although the changes were not significant, the API in Ganghwa decreased slightly by 4.5 in 2018 compared to the previous year. In Paju and Goseong, 3.9% and 2.0% of residents were positive for the PvCSP antibody. The API in Paju was 13.1 in 2017 and 16.0 in 2018, although no malaria patients were reported for the 2 years. Therefore, the results suggest that PvCSP is a useful antigen for confirming initial malaria infection. Additionally, considering that the antibody is relatively transient, it can be employed for sero-epidemiological studies to determine the extent of malaria transmission in the current year.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.86-94
• /
• 2023

Climate change is more rapid in the Arctic than elsewhere in the world, and increased precipitation and warming are expected cause changes in biogeochemical processes due to altered microbial communities and activities. It is crucial to investigate microbial responses to climate change to understand changes in carbon and nitrogen dynamics. We investigated the effects of increased temperature and precipitation on microbial biomass and community structure in dry tundra using two depths of soil samples (organic and mineral layers) under four treatments (control, warming, increased precipitation, and warming with increased precipitation) during the growing season (June-September) in Cambridge Bay, Canada (69°N, 105°W). A phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis method was applied to detect active microorganisms and distinguish major functional groups (e.g., fungi and bacteria) with different roles in organic matter decomposition. The soil layers featured different biomass and community structure; ratios of fungal/bacterial and gram-positive/-negative bacteria were higher in the mineral layer, possibly connected to low substrate quality. Increased temperature and precipitation had no effect in either layer, possibly due to the relatively short treatment period (seven years) or the ecosystem type. Mostly, sampling times did not affect PLFAs in the organic layer, but June mineral soil samples showed higher contents of total PLFAs and PLFA biomarkers for bacteria and fungi than those in other months. Despite the lack of response found in this investigation, long-term monitoring of these communities should be maintained because of the slow response times of vegetation and other parameters in high-Arctic ecosystems.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.12-23
• /
• 2017

내성천은 산지를 사행하는 모래하천으로 오랫동안 그 하천지형학적 특성을 유지해왔다. 그러나 최근 식생의 활착으로 종래의 경관을 상실해 가고 있다. 본 연구에서는 내성천 장기조사 연구의 일환으로 내성천의 56.8 km 구간을 대상으로 지난 2012 - 2016년 기간에 발생한 지형변화를 분석하였다. 항공 라이다 및 하천측량이 시행되었고 수문자료와 현장 조사자료가 함께 활용되었다. 주요 4개 지점중에서 만곡부 지점에서는 만곡사주가 확장되었고, 직선구간에서는 하중 사주가 발달하였다. 한 두 번의 유사 퇴적으로 인해 발생한 하중 사주의 고도 변화는 0.6 - 1.4 m에 달하였으나 하상저하는 분명하지 않았다. 이러한 변화는 2014 - 2015년의 갈수기에 식생이 크게 활착하였다가 2016년에 홍수로 인해 퇴적이 일어난데 기인하는 것으로 보인다. 이러한 과정은 이전에 내성천 중하류 구간에 형성되어 있는 하중도의 주된 형성과정으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.235-258
• /
• 2006

청계천 복원공사 전(2003) 중(2004) 후(2005)의 수질과 식물 및 식생모니터링결과 청계천의 수질등급은 공사 전에는 $BOD_5$가 평균 51.1mg/L로서 등급 외이었으나, 공사 후에 한강수와 지하철 역사의 물이 공급되면서 $BOD_5$가 3.3mg/L로 낮아져 수질이 3등급으로 향상되었다. 식물의 경우는 공사 전에 총 121종에서 공사후에 132종으로 다소 증가하였다. 특히 다년초의 비율이 공사 전 24.8%에서 공사 후 35.6%로 증가되었으며, 갈대군락과 잔디군락이 도입식생으로 관찰되었다. 그러나 공사구간은 공사 전 우점 군락이었던 식생보전등급 1인 환삼덩굴과 망초군락이 여전히 우세하여 식물의 생태성은 공사전과 후의 변화가 크지 않았다. 또한 이 같은 조사내용을 비교대상구간과 비교하면 비교대상구간의 수질은 $BOD_5$ 0.8mg/L인 1등급으로 공사구간보다 양호하고, 식물종수도 154종으로 공사구간보다 다양할 뿐 아니라 귀화식물의 비율은 13%로서 공사구간의 28.8%보다 낮았다. 따라서 현재까지는 공사구간이 비교대상구간보다 생태적으로 떨어지는 것으로 평가된다. 그러나 하천복원이란 장기적이며 복합적인 과정으로서 본 연구 에서와 같은 단기조사만으로 복원의 효과성을 논할 수 없으며, 앞으로 장기간에 걸친 다른 주요항목에 대한조사도 병행되어야만 청계천 복원의 효과성을 검증할 수 있을 것이라고 사료된다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.75-87
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 조선왕릉의 보존관리방안 마련을 목적으로 동부지구에 위치한 동구릉, 광릉, 사릉, 홍릉, 유릉을 대상으로 수행되었다. 문헌조사를 통해 조선왕릉의 변화과정을 파악하였고, 현지조사와 인터뷰를 통해 능의 내부 및 주변의 현황을 파악하였다. 이 과정에서 원지형, 토지이용 및 동선, 능제시설, 수경시설, 역사경관림, 시설물을 주요 평가지표로 설정하였다. 주변의 도시화로 왕릉 주변 및 내 외부에 도로와 건물 및 시설물이 들어서면서 원지형이 많이 훼손되었다. 능역 회복을 위해 능역을 가로지르는 도로의 지하화와 토지매입, 그리고 경관을 훼손하는 건물의 이전 및 철거가 요구되며, 이후 본래의 능역과 원지형을 회복할 필요가 있다. 특히, 각 능별로 제례 동선의 단절이 많았는데, 본래의 제례 동선과 관람 동선의 정비가 필요하다. 능제시설의 경우, 문헌조사 및 발굴조사를 바탕으로 소실된 건축물 및 석물에 대한 정보를 수집 분석한 결과, 이후 유구노출 정비 혹은 복원이 수행되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 역사경관림은 주기적이고 지속적인 모니터링과 관리가 필요하며, 시설물의 경우 장기적인 능역 회복 계획에 따라 새로운 진입부 주변으로 각종 시설들이 설치되어야 한다. 이러한 주요 사업들은 긴급성과 재원 마련에 따라 단기 중기 장기 사업으로 구분하여 지속적이고 체계적으로 추진되어야 한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.767-776
• /
• 2009

This study evaluated the effect of nutritional improvement of 0~5 year children of financially poor families after nutrition supplement of children and nutrition education in parents/guardians. The subject selected among applicants for low-income family financing of the government included 198 children (0~12 months:92, 1~5 years:106), and the average ages were 5.3 months and 2.4 years respectively. Food that includes each nutrient factor was provided to the subject for six months. Nutrition education was performed in two ways, through class and private education, once a month for both. Nutritional improvement was evaluated by body measurement and anemia prevalence rate. As to the survey on breast-feeding, complete breast-feeding accounted for 58.7%, weaning food 27.3%, and combined feeding 14.1% respectively, which shows that breast-feeding accounted for the largest percentage. The education program improved knowledge and attitude of the parents/guardians, which brings in positive effects on growth of children as well. The nutrition knowledge score was improved after nutrition education in 0~12 month children $(8.5\pm1.75\;to\;8.9\pm1.69)$ and 1~5 year children $(7.3\pm1.39\;to\;7.8\pm1.30)$. The nutrition attitude score was significantly improved in 0~12month children $(52.0\pm6.99$ to $53.5\pm5.21$, p < 0.001) and 1~5year children ($45.1\pm7.30$ to $49.0\pm5.96$, p < 0.001). In evaluation on nutritional improvement based on body measurements, it turned out that the wasting was reduced as for children in consideration of the height and weight according to the subject's age. The concentration of hemoglobin after the nutrient treatment for six months was significantly improved, and the anemia prevalence rate as well was reduced from 40.6% to 13.5%, which indicates the significant improvement. Based on the findings above, it turned out that providing quality food to children and nutrition education to the parents/guardians poorly fed in low-income families improved knowledge and attitude of the guardians and prevents anemia and improves growth, which brings in positive effects on growth of children. In the results regarding attitude and knowledge on nutrient/dietary life; however, the improvement level was relatively low when the extent before the education was too small, which indicates the need to revise and complement the contents and methods. In addition, as shown in the result of body measurement, long-term and consistent investigation is necessary since it is difficult to judge the effect on growth only based on short-term nutrient supplement.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.54-65
• /
• 2015

세계 최대 셰일가스 부존국가인 중국은 자국 국영기업을 중심으로 셰일가스 자원의 개발과 기술 확보에 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 중국의 셰일산업은 정부의 적극적인 지원과 기술적인 측면에서의 빠른 성장세를 감안할 때 향후 발전 가능성은 높은 것으로 보이나, 복잡한 지질구조와 상대적으로 심부에 위치한 셰일지층의 특성과 수자원, 인프라 부족 등과 같은 문제점으로 인해 단기적인 발전은 어렵다는 분석도 동시에 있다. 중국은 우리와의 지정학적으로 밀접한 관계는 물론 셰일가스 산업이 아직 초기단계에 있어, 최근 국내에서도 관련기업들을 중심으로 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는, 중국 셰일자원 개발산업과 유관산업의 현황과 문제점 및 중국정부를 중심으로 한 해결 노력과 지원정책 등을 조사, 분석하여 우리기업들이 중국 셰일산업의 미래를 조망하는데 도움을 주고자 하였다. 나아가 향후 중국 셰일산업의 발전에 따른 영향과 우리의 대처, 협력 및 참여 방안 수립에 참고가 되고자 하였다. 결과적으로, 본 연구에서는 중국의 셰일가스 개발을 위한 다양한 문제점을 검토하고, 중국정부의 정책적 지원, 국영기업의 독자적 기술 확보에 대한 노력과 해외기업과의 협력 추진 및 해외자산 인수 등 다양한 분야의 활동을 조사, 분석하여 제시하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.78-88
• /
• 2022

Objectives: To develop the smart sensor to protect worker's health from chemical exposure by adopting ICT (Information and Communications Technology) technologies. Methods: To develope real-time chemical exposure monitoring system, IoT (Internet of Things) sensor technology and regulations were reviewed. We developed and produced smart sensor. A smart sensor is a system consisting of a sensor unit, a communication unit, and a platform. To verify the performance of smart sensors, each sensor has been certified by the Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS). Results: Chemicals (TVOC; Total Volatile Organic Compounds, Cl₂: Chlorine, HF: Hydrogen fluoride and HCN: Hydrogen cyanide) were selected according to a priority logic (KOSHA Alert, acute poisoning statistics, literature review). Notifications were set according to OEL (occupational exposure limit). Sensors were selected based on OEL and the capabilities of the sensors. Communication is designed to use LTE (Long Term Evolution) and Wi-Fi at the same time for convenience. Electronic platform were applied to build this monitoring system. Conclusions: Real-time monitoring system for OEL of hazardous chemicals in workplace was developed. Smart sensor can detect chemicals to complement monitoring of traditional workplace environmental monitoring such as short term and peak exposure. Further research is needed to expand the scope of application, improve reliability, and systematically application.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.63-79
• /
• 1974

1. The purpose of this study. The purpose of this study is to plan and investigate short-term nursing education of two-years associate degree program to produce middle-level professional nurses which are needed by-society and nation. Current nursing education in Korea is divided into four years degree program, three years diploma program Even (though) there are differences in the aims of their education, the curriculums are not much different between the education for producing leaders which is its basic purpose and training middle-level professional nurses. Therefore the purpose of associate degree program lies in minimizing the waste of time and finance which are invested for long-term education for middle-level professional nurses. And also this coincide with the policy of national technical training and definite supply of nurse manpower according to health policy for effective role and ability of nurse. 2. The method of study. This is based on the study of literature, research on the actual condition and investigation of opinion- through questionnaire. L) The study of literature: Domestic and foreign literatures for two years associate degree program were studied and investigated. 2) Research on the actual condition : Current three years nursing education program was collected and analysed. 3) Investigation of opinion. The problem of curried nursing education system and the possibility of two years associate degree program were investigated through questionnaire. 3. The result of the study. 1) The trend of recent nursing education. a. The aims of nursing in past chiefly taking care of physical disease of patient has recently changed to nursing of character including physical, mental, socio-economic, educational and psychological condition. b. For the performing systematic and effective nurse's duty according to her role, the-change of educational system which is classified as a range of education the period of education and certificate after graduation has been enforced or fulfilled. c. Nursing education also has a trend to become a collage or two years associate degree program which can get same legal protection as other educational institutions whose basic purpose is education. Attached nursing school to hospital is getting disappeared because of disadvantage of educational system. 2) Problems. Depending upon research on actual condition of current 3 years nursing education program. a. There are too many subjects. b. Contents of education could be doubled because major subjects are subdivided in detail. c. The credits for graduation are too heavy comparing to the period of study or the ability of students. (The necessary credits are 150.8 for three years according to actual investigation 4. There is no certain standard in organizing curriculum therefore there are too much differences between schools. 4. Basic Plan. The plan for two years associate degree program in nursing education depending on demand of professional nursing field of society is based on following items. 1) Training middle-level professional nurse lay emphasis on liberal arts and basic major field. 2) Liberal arts are divided into required and optional subjects and students could take courses by choice. 3) Major subjects are compound together by fields and they become the sciences of nursing Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and every items has its educational purposes and contents major study includes laboratory practice and clinical experience. 4) The required credits for graduation are to which means 17-18 credits a semester. The above has been planned to solve the problems of current three years nursing education program. In conclusion for the achievement of this system, following items are needed. 1) It is necessary to change educational administration and system such as amendment of educational law or order of educational application of law. 2) Qualified professors should be available to understand and develope the idea or purpose of this educational system. 3) Local medical institutions should be opened widely and educational for clinical training. 4) The job after graduation should he secured positively.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.56-67
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 국가 지하수관측소에서 획득한 지하수위, 전기전도도 및 수온 관측자료에 대해 모수 및 비모수 경향 분석을 실시하였다. 분석대상은 2003년까지 3년 이상 모니터링을 실시하고 있는 관측소의 지하수 자료이며, 이에는 충적관측정 95개소와 암반관측정 169개소가 해당된다. 모수분석으로 일평균 및 월중앙값에 대해 선형회귀분석을, 그리고 비모수분석으로 월중앙값에 대해 Mann-Kendall test 및 Sen's test를 적용하였다. 선형회귀분석을 통해서는 약50%의 관측정에서 수위, 전기전도도 및 수온이 증가경향을 나타내었고 나머지 절반은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 월중앙값을 이용한 비모수 경향분석에서는 99% 신뢰수준에서 지하수위는 $14.8{\sim}20.0%$가 감소경향으로 나타났고, 전기전도도는 $24.2{\sim}36.9%$가 증가경향을 보였으며, 수온의 경우에는 $27.4{\sim}32.5%$가 증가경향을 보였다. 높은 비율의 관측정에서 증가 혹은 감소의 경향성을 보이는 것은 분석대상 기간이 상대적으로 짧은(최장 6년) 것에 기인한 결과일 수 있다. 한편 현장조사를 실시하여 평가한 결과에서 나타난 지하수위 혹은 전기전도도의 감소 혹은 증가경향 자체가 직접적인 지하수 장해를 의미하지는 않는다. 결국 장기적인 경향성과 더불어 해당 인자의 값 자체 및 감소율을 고려하여야 한다. 본 연구는 국가 지하수관측소 자동 측정자료에 대한 최초의 전면적인 경향분석 결과이다. 이번 연구사례를 토대로 국내 지하수 자원의 전체적인 변동상황을 파악하기 위해서는 정기적인 경향분석을 수행할 필요가 있다.