• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2004

Ships' collision accident has often occurred in congested waterways or in harbour areas. To examine the cause of collision accident may be necessary to prevention against another similar one. We discuss the construction of ship-manoeuvring-simulator system used for reproducing ships' collision phenomenon The system consists of one simulator bridge for own ship and two control consoles for own ship and target ship. Own ship and target ship are linked each other, and are simultaneously manoeuvred in simulator bridge or at control console respectively. And a simulator experiment for reproducing ships' collision phenomenon and for examining the cause of accident is carried out. Through the present case study, we find out that the constructed simulator system is very useful for reproducing ships' collision phenomenon and for examining the cause of accident.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.450-459
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• 2023

According to Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal, there have been 14,100 maritime accidents from 2017 to 2021. Among those accidents, ship collision accidents have been up to 1,275 cases. But in the accidents relating to small ships like a fishing vessel, analyzing the causes of the accidents would depend on statements of the persons related because there is often no navigational data. But those statements can be incorrect and give rise to disagreements between them so that it causes conflicts with each other during the trial. So a replay system of ship collision accident (RESCA) has been developed in order to reproduce the ship collision accident by using AIS, V-PASS or radar data. But the reproduced trajectory of ship collision accident is needed to be verified because it can be unreasonable physically. So a method to verify the reproduced trajectory and collect the physical data on ship collision accident is newly designed by using free running test. In the RESCA, the accident is reproduced using the navigational data from the trajectory for a ship and measured from free running model test for the other ship at the same time. Through free running test, the behavior of the model ship is transformed from model scale into real scale. In order to check into the accuracy of the new method, free running model tests by using RESCA are carried out on the actual ship collision accidents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.180-181
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• 2010

An estimation algorithm of collision risk among multiple ships has been developed in order to reduce human error and prevent collision accidents. The algorithm is designed to calculate the collision risk among ships based on Fuzzy theory by using AIS data as traffic information. In this paper, to validate the algorithm, the AIS data of actual collision accident, which occurred between a product carrier and a cargo carrier in Busan harbor in 2009 are collected. The replay simulation is carried out on the actual AIS data and the collision risk is calculated in real time. In this paper, the features of the estimation algorithm of collision risk and the results of replay simulation based on AIS data of actual collision accident are discussed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.727-733
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• 2010

An estimation algorithm of collision risk among multiple ships has been developed in order to reduce human error and prevent collision accidents. The algorithm is designed to calculate the collision risk among ships based on Fuzzy theory by using AIS data as traffic information. In this paper, to validate the algorithm, the AIS data of actual collision accident, which occurred between a product carrier and a cargo carrier in Busan harbor in 2009 are collected. The replay simulation is carried out on the actual AIS data and the collision risk is calculated in real time. In this paper, the features of the estimation algorithm of collision risk and the results of replay simulation based on AIS data of actual collision accident are discussed.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 2013.12a
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

In this paper, a collision accident of a container/Ro-Ro ship was numerically analyzed. A container trailer collided with a longitudinal bulkhead of the ship in the accident, which constituted a longitudinal wall of a heavy fuel oil tank. Due to the accident, the bulkhead plate was ruptured and the heavy fuel oil spilled out of the tank. The detailed information regarding the collision velocity and the mass of the trailer was not provided. Therefore, several collision accident scenarios were constructed based upon the arrangement of the ramp way. Each collision accident scenario was analyzed to predict the extents of damage using a commercial numerical package, ABAQUS. Based on the analysis results it is proposed how to minimize the extents of damage. Through the investigations performed in this study it was found that the understandings of various damages due to collision accidents and the developments of structural design guidance against collision are necessary for the betterment of Container/RO-RO ships' performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.346-351
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• 2018

The proportion of collision in the total marine accidents is high. The main causes of collisions are navigation rule violation, safety speed violation, neglected watch-keeping and improper collision avoidance action. There are two main ways of avoiding collision situations during maritime navigation: the method of altering course and reducing ship's speed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the result of the collision avoidance action of the reserve officer in case of encountering a multiple number of ships using the ship handling simulator. Full-mission ship handling simulator was used to experiment the situation scenarios that encountered multiple ships. After the experiment, the questionnaire about the experiment was investigated. A total of 50 subjects were participated in the experiment. Experimental results showed that the number of the experimenters who used the engine was 11 and the number of the experimenters who did not use the engine was 39. In the case of using the engine, there were 0 collision accident, 1 grounding accident, and 10 no accidents. However, when the engine was not used, there were 28 collision accidents, 2 grounding accidents, and 9 no accidents. The causes of these results can be found in the survey results. 74 % of the non used engine participants said they were hesitate to use the engine. As can be seen from these results, the reserve officer are hesitant to use the engine and need a way to get correct of it. Maritime course subject can emphasize the importance of using ship's engines and case study also can be it. So, It is considered that various case study scenario will need to developed by various tools in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1129-1139
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• 2022

Collision accidents happen frequently. The majority of ships involved in collisions in the coastal areas of Korea are middle and small size ships. The proportion of collision accidents is only 9% of all types of marine accidents; however, the number of casualties resulting from collisions is 34.4% of all human life damages. Generally, as reported by the people involved in these collisions, the navigation lights of the opponent ships were poor and invisible when the accident happened even though the weather and visibility were good. Furthermore, there are many insistences for poor navigation light conditions of the opponent ship in the bay or harbor. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the present conditions and safety of navigation lights. Therefore, in this study, we examined the rules and books of navigation lights and compared it to that of other transportation systems, such as aircraft, trains, and road vehicles. Furthermore, we analyzed the current marine traf ic circumstances and ship collision accidents that happened in the past 5 years. Additionally, a questionnaire was prepared to gather the opinion of ship experts and secure the objectivity for improvement methods of navigation lights. Finally, methods to improve the navigation lights on ships were devised.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.105-108
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• 2003

A ultrasonic alert system is proposed in order to prevent the collision accidents of srmll ships. This system displays a lamp and a sound signal alerting collision by trrmsmitting ultrasonic pulse in air to detect ships and objects within fXJ m Under the condition of restricted visibility and compliazted works, it is expected to enh:uu:e the effect if navigators' lookout.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2016

This study identified necessary navigational support services to prevent accidents through an examination and a survey on the navigation and communication systems of non-SOLAS ships. The functional and operational requirements for the identified navigational support services were discussed accordingly. Among the navigational support services proposed are an Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) service, a route planning service, an operation monitoring service, and collision prevention support services for ships in coastal areas. To facilitate the identified navigational support services, ship navigation system, shore supporting centre and maritime communication network were discussed as a digital infrastructure. The operational methode for the digital infrastructure were discussed in the service scenarios for ships carrying dangerous cargo, large ships over 200 meters in length and high speed passenger ships over 15 knots in speed. This study will facilitate the development of policies for the improvement of ship operation management in Korean coastal waters and will contribute to improving the navigational safety of non-SOLAS ships.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.696-705
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• 2015

Approximately 4,000 vessels including sea trial ships per day are passing, entering or departing from Korea coastal waterway. Sea trial ships have erratic navigating patterns such as quick turning, crash stop and do not communicate with other vessels in appropriate time, so sea trial ships are often to expose dangerous situation such as collision in heavy traffic area. To identify the sea trial vessel's risk factors, this paper surveyed marine traffic volumes for 7 days in Korea harbour & coastal waterway, and it analyzed marine accident rate and intended to identify the risk degree of passing vessels. After that, this researched how many sea trial ship's traffic and what is the sea trial risk among sea trial items. We also conducted survey questionnaire and identified risk factors of sea trial ship. So this paper aimed to enhance the safety of korea coastal waterway to prevent sea trial ship's marine accident.