• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2010

In this paper, we investigate the acoustic characteristics of sustained voices from normal subjects and patients with laryngeal pathologies. Perturbation methods (including jitter and shimmer), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and nonlinear dynamic methods (such as correlation dimension) are used to analyze normal and pathological voices. We find that jitter does not statistically discriminate between normal and pathological voices, but a significant difference is found for shimmer, SNR, and correlation dimension. The results suggest that nonlinear dynamic analysis may be valuable for the analysis of normal and pathological voices but perturbation analysis should be applied with caution for pathological voice analysis.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1998

Objectives : To compare the objective differences in voice quality and voice problems between clergies and normal male control group. Materials and Methods : The sustained vowel sound of 46 clergies and 40 normal persons were analyzed, using a videostroboscopy and acoustic analyzer. Together with these analyses, a questionnaire associated with current and past voice problems was handed over to the patients. Results : The most common symptom in subjective group was the voice fatigue. Stroboscopic findings in subjective group were as following 23 cases(50%) of pachydermia, 17 cases(37%) of phase difference, 12 cases(25%) of anterior-posterior contracture, 6 cases(13%) of vocal polyp and 3 cases(7%) of vocal nodule. The mean maximal phonation time in clergies was 17.8 seconds and in control group was 19 seconds. litter, pitch perturbation quotient and shimmer were significantly increased in subjective group than in control group(p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between two groups in fundamental frequency, vFo, amplitude perturbation quotient and noise to harmonic ratio. Conclusion : In the clergies using loud and forceful voice, vocal polyp and functional voice disorder findings were frequently noted in stroboscopic examination. litter and shimmer, reflecting the roughness of voice, were increased in acoustic analysis. Therefore, clergies, classified into untrained professional voice users, need professional career guidance and counseling.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2005

Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between voice complaint and deviant vocal fold status with special regard to presbylarynx, in patients aged more than 60 years with pharyngeal-laryngeal complaint. The material consisted of clinical histories and images obtained by laryngoscopies of 75 patients aged more than 60 years, who had sought otorhinolaryngologic treatment. Indicative glottic characteristics of the presbylarynx, such as vocal fold bowing(VFB), prominence of vocal processes (PVP), and membranous spindle shaped glottic chink(MSC) and the presence or absence of voice complaint were analyzed Also, acoustic parameters such as fundamental frequency(Fo), jitter percent and shimmer percent were analyzed. VFB showed a strong correlation with voice complaint in male. Jitter and shimmer were correlated with VFB, PVP, MSC in female.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1996

Reinke's edema is used for describing varying degrees of chronic swelling of the vocal folds. The acoustic analysis of Reinke's edema has not been reported so far in this country. The purpose of this study is to clarify acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of the Reinke's edema. Several acoustic evaluations ＆ aerodynamic studies were done in 20 Reinke's edema patients and the data was compared with those of 20 normal controls. Videolaryngoscopy also was done to classify the severity in grading. We used C-Speech, Doctor speech science, and Phonatory function analyser. In C-Speech, we compared jitter, shimmer, and SNR(signal to noise ratio) of normal and Rrinke's edema patient. In Doctor speech science, we compared NNE(Glottal noise energy), speech fundamental frequency, voice quality between two groups. And in phonatory function analyser for aerodynamic function test, we compared speech intensity, airflow rate, and expiratory pressure between two groups. In conclusion, Reinke's edema patients showed lower voice pitches than normal, additionally jitter, shimmer, SNR(signal to noise ratio), NNE(Glottal noise energy), airflow rate, and expiratory pressure may be meaningful parameters for diagnosis and prognosis for treatment.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

Background and Objectives : Though voice therapy is proven to be effective in academia, treatment results and satisfaction level are inconsistent in clinics. The inconsistency may rise from diverse vocal cords misuse patterns in patient population as they suffer from different diseases or have bad phonation habits. In order to overcome the limitation, we uniformized patients' vocal cords with injection laryngoplasty prior to voice therapy. The efficacy of voice therapy and consistency in treatment results after injection laryngoplasty were assessed. Materials and Methods : Patients diagnosed with vocal nodules were either treated with injection laryngoplasty followed by voice therapy (combined treatment group) or voice therapy only (voice therapy group). Each group consisted of 15 patients. Acoustic measures (jitter, shimmer, NHR), aerodynamic measures (MPT, Psub, MAFR), and subjective auditory conscious measures (K-VHI, K-VRQOL) between two groups were analyzed. Results : After treatments, both groups improved in terms of acoustic, aerodynamic, and subjective auditory conscious measures compared to pre-treatment. Combined treatment group had statistically significantly greater improvement in shimmer, P in K-VHI, and PF in K-VRQOL compared to voice therapy group. Conclusion : Injection laryngoplasty treatment prior to voice therapy synergizes in treating patients compared to voice therapy only.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze spectral versus cepstral measurements in esophageal speakers. The comparison between the measurements in thirteen male esophageal speakers was compared with the control group of thirteen normal speakers using the sustained vowel /a/. The main results can be summarized as below: (a) the CPP and L/H ratio of the esophageal group were significantly lower than those of the control group (b) the CPP was significantly correlated with the spectral parameters such as jitter, shimmer, NHR and VTI, and (c) the ROC analysis showed that the threshold of 10.25dB for the CPP achieved a good classification for esophageal speakers, with 100% perfect sensitivity and specificity. Thus, it was known that cepstral-based acoustic measures such as CPP, may be more reliable predictors than other spectral-based acoustic measures such as jitter and shimmer. And it was found that cepstral-based acoustic measures were effective in distinguishing esophageal voice quality from normal voice quality. This research will contribute to establishing a baseline related to speech characteristics in voice rehabilitation with laryngectomees.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to increase the current understanding of the acoustic characteristics of voices with advancing age. The relationship between age-related changes in body physiology and certain acoustic characteristics of voice was studied in a sample of 80 men representing four chronological age groupings (20-29, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79) who were all of good physical condition. Each subject was asked to phonate the vowel /a/, /i/, and /u/ for as long as possible at comfortable frequency and intensity level and read the sentence. A promising voice analysis program (Multi-Dimensional Voice $Program^{TM}$) was used to measure the fundamental frequency ($f_0$), jitter, shimmer, $f_0$ variation, peak-amplitude variation, smoothed pitch perturbation quotient, smoothed amplitude perturbation quotient, soft phonation index, $f_0$-tremor intensity index, amplitude tremor intensity index, and noise-to-harmonics ratio from the samples.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2014

This research compared the features of respiration and phonation between practical musicology students and general male students, according to their smoking status. Participants of this research are 15 practical musicology male students attending ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university and 16 general ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university students. The participants, both non-smokers and smokers with 5-years of smoking history have no history of voice disease in any case and have normal cognitive functions. The results indicated that, first, there is not a notable difference in the respiratory activity status(FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC), regardless of major and smoking status. In MPT, even though there is no significant difference in accordance with their majors, considering smoking status, the smoker group was shorter than non-smoker group significant difference statistically (p<.01). Second, the divisions of participants' major did not show significant difference in Fo, jitter, shimmer, and NHR in the vowel prolongation task. However, the smoker group showed a significantly higher degree of jitter and shimmer than the non-smoker group (p<.05) as Fo and NHR shows no difference. In the case of VRP, maximum frequency and frequency range of the practical group are significantly higher than normal group statistically (p<.001). Moreover, although the difference of the minimum frequency shown at the statistic is not significant, practical group showed a higher tendency of frequency than normal group (p=.051). In conclusion, even though there is no difference in respiratory activity between the smoker group and non-smoker group, the MPT of the smoker group is shorter than that of non-smoker group. In addition, the smoker group showed a higher degree of jitter and shimmer than the non-smoker group. MPT is related to the valve action of vocal fold that passes through the glottis. Thus, it is interpreted that the smoker group has a lower quality of voice and valve action of the vocal fold. Also, the practical group has a higher degree of maximum frequency and frequency range than the normal group. This research can function as basic data for vocal characteristics for the majors in relation to the voice-specializing.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2020

음질 분석에 매우 유용한 Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP), Praat, Time-Frequency Analysis software (TF32)는 각각의 음향학적 검사에 사용된 알고리즘 차이로 인해 그 측정치에 차이가 있을 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 각각의 음향학적 검사 도구로 음성 측정치를 비교 분석하여 분석 도구에 따른 음향학적 검사 변수의 차이를 살펴보고자 하였다. 정상 성인 총 35명 (남성 19명, 여성 16명)을 대상으로 모음 /아/를 수집한 후, 동일한 음성을 MDVP, Praat, TF32 각각의 음향학적 검사 도구로 분석하였다. 그 결과 jitter 변수(J local, J abs, J rap, J ppq), shimmer 변수(S local, S dB, S apq), noise-to-harmonics ratio (NHR) 평균의 경우, 남성과 여성 모두 MDVP보다 Praat의 수치가 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p<.01). 또한 J local, J abs, S local 평균의 경우, 남성과 여성 모두 MDVP, Praat, TF32 순으로 통계적으로 유의하게 낮아졌다. 결론적으로 각 음향학적 검사 도구에 사용된 알고리즘 차이로 인해 도구 간의 측정치에 차이가 있었다. 그러므로 임상가들이 임상현장에서 각각의 음향학적 검사 도구를 사용할 때 각 도구의 알고리즘에 대해 이해한 후 병적 음성을 분석하는 것이 중요할 것이다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1998년도 학술발표대회 논문집 제17권 2호
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• pp.395-398
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 웨이브렛 변환에서 구해진 파라미터와 신경회로망을 이용하여 후두의 양성종양과 정상상태를 구분하는 실험을 행하였다. 식별 파라미터로는 웨이브렛변환으로부터 도출된 ECS 파라미터와 jitter, shimmer를 이용하였으며 신경회로망은 한 개의 은닉층을 갖는 다층구조 신경망을 이용하였다. 신경망의 입력으로는 세가지 파라미터의 조합을 두 개 또는 세 개를 입력하여 각각의 경우의 식별율을 조사하였다. 실험결과 75%에서 93%에 이르는 식별율을 얻었다.