• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 1975

The authors identified fourty-seven Shigella cultures among 1504 suspectable cultures of enteric pathogens collected from all over the country in 1974. Fourty-three out of fourty-seven cultures belonged to Shigella flexneri, three to Shigella sonnei and the rest to Shigella dysenteriae, and none of cultures belonging to subgroup C was detected in 1974. Three Shigella flexneri 2a cultures were isolated in Seoul area, but the others in Kangwon-Do. All the Shigella cultures were sensitive to nitrofurantoin, cephalosporin, ampicillin and penicillin G $1{\mu}g$, but resistant to bacitracin, lincomycin and penicillin V. $10{\mu}g$ by means of the In-Vitro tests.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1981

Total 984 specimens were collected from sweages(130 specimens) and human rectal swabs(854 specimens) during period from October 1979 to November 1980 in Korea. Sixteen strains of salmonella were isolated from the human rectal swabs at the St. Mary's Hospital in Dae Jeon. They were confirmed into fifteen strains of S. typhi, one strain of S. paratyphi A. In other hand, fourty three strains of Shigella had been isolated from the stool specimens. They were typed as thirty four strains of Shigella flexneri, five strains of Shigella sonnei and one strain of Shigella dysenteriae. However, 16 strains of Vibrio eltor had been isolated from patients and carriers in the first epidemic areas in Chunla Namdo in September 1980. The serotype of isolated strains was determined as a Inaba which was resistant to the Mukerjee phage group IV but was susceptible to El Tor phage groupe I and II. Authors had been concluded that the strains were certain to be identified with Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.461-471
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• 1986

Shigella strains isloated in the Teagu area during the period from 1973 to 1985 were studied for species distribution, drug resistance, and R plasmids. Approximately 1,200 strains were isolated during this period, and most of them were classified into Shigella flexneri, S. sonnei occupied less than 20%, and S. dysenteriae and S. boydii were very rarely isolated. More than 95% of them were resistant to one or more of these drugs; chloramphenicol (Cm), tetracycline (Tc), streptomycin (Sm), sulfisomidine (Su), ampicillin (Ap), and trimethoprim (Tp). Strains resistant to kanamycin, nalidixic acid (Na), and rifampin (Rf) were rare, and no strain was resistant to cephaloridine, gentamicin, and amikacin. Approximately half of the isolates were resistant to drugs in 1973, but the rate of resistant strains increased to more than 95% from 1977. Strains resistant to the four drugs (Cm, Tc, Sm, and Su) occupied the majority of resistant strains until 1977, but the most prevalent multiplicity of drug resistance increased to six drugs (Cm, Tc, Sm, Su, Ap, and Tp) from 1978 with the marked increase of Ap- and Tp-resistant strains. Approximately 75% of them transferred resistance to Escherichia coli by conjugation, and the resistance was considered to be mediated by R plasmids. Almost all of them transferred the complete patterns of resistance to drugs except Na and Rf. However, among some strains of recent isolates, small numbers of segregants of transferred resistance were observed. The R plasmids in Shigella were mostly classified into Inc FII, and only small numbers into Inc B. Segregants were in most cases unclassified.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 1989

Ceftizoxime sodium is a new synthetic ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotic combining potent antibacterial activity with high stability to a wide range of bacterial ${\beta}$-lactamase. This experiment was achieved to evaluate the antibacterial activities of ceftizoxime sodium againist Gram negative enteric bacteria isolated from in outpatient visiting Yeungnam university hospital and to study the emergence of drug induced bacterial varients which resist to ceftizoxime in vitro. The antibacterial activity of the ceftizoxime was compared with that of antibiotics and its effect on population of normal intestinal flora in mice was observed. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Highly effective antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime against Gram negative enteric bacilli was demonstrated and this antibacterial activity was superior to that of ampicillin. 2. Several test strains shows multiple antibiotic resistence. Among 15 strains of Escherichia coli, 1 strain was resistent to ampicillin, cefadroxyl, gentamicin, tetracycline, and 2 strains were resistent to ampicillin, cefadroxyl, tetracycline, five strains of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae was resistent to amplicillin, tetracycline and Shigella dysenteria was resistent to ampicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline. 3. The frequency of in vitro emergence of resistent varients among ceftizoxime sensitive bacteria in the presence of increasing concentrations of the compound was found to be low. 4. Plasmid was isolated in 6 of 9 strains (6 strains of Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Enterobacter cloaceae and Salmonella typhi) That showed different antibiotic resistance. They were 5 strains of Escherichia coli and 1 strain of Shigella dysenteriae. However, plasmid could not be considered as a hallmark for antibiotic resistance by this. Further studies with curing experiment are to be accomplished for this purpose. 5. Changes in the bacterial count of normal intestinal flora following 25mg/kg/day administration of ceftizoxime over S consecutive days were not significant. In conclusion, ceftizoxime appeared to be a drug of choice in the treatment of Gram negative enteric bacilli infection.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.823-827
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• 2004

Antimicrobial effect of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts against food-borne pathogens was investigated. L. erythrorhizon was extracted with methanol at room temperature, and the extraction was sequentially fractionated using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Antimicrobial activity of L. erythrorhizon extracts was determined using paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. Ethyl acetate extracts of L. erythrorhizon showed the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. Synergistic effect was found in combined extracts of L. erythrorhizon and Sophora subprostrata as compared with each extract alone. Growth inhibition curve was determined using ethyl acetate extracts of L. erythrorhizon, against S. aureus and S. dysenteriae. Ethyl acetate extract of L. erythrorhizon, showed strong antimicrobial activity against S. aureus at 4,000 ppm, retarding growth of S. aureus more than 48 hr and S. dysenteriae up to 12 hr.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2001

Antibacterial activities in each part of watercress(Oenanthe javanica D.C.) grown under different culture conditions were measured to determine the possibility to use watercress as a resource to develop the antibacterial substance. The leaves of watercress were extracted with methanol and the methanol extract was further fractionated with various organic solvents. Antibacterial activities against Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 9361 in all fractions were determined according to the agar diffusion method using paper disc. Methanol extract of watercress leaves was more effectively inhibited the growth of the tested bacteria than the extracts of roots or stems at the concentration of 0.5 g eq./disc, and the extract of watercress from Hwasoon was the most effective one as compared to others. Phenolic and neutral fractions fractionated from methanol extract of watercress had a considerable inhibiting activity on the growth of the bacteria, but acidic and basic fractions did not show any inhibitory effect. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of phenolic and neutral fractions against Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 9361 were $400\;{\mu}g/disc$ and $550\;{\mu}g/disc$, respectively.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.1
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• pp.169-177
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• 1983

1. At selected time intervals, viable cell plate counts were run. After the 12 hours incubution the number of viable cells was maximum. 2. The morphology of L. acidophilus in tomato juice was thicker rods than those of in milk media. 3. In the assay of antimicrobial activity; (1) The antimicrobial activity of acidophilus tomato juice showed bigger inhibitory zone than acidophilus milk in the well-cup assay technique. (2) The inhibitory zone against Shigella dysenteriae was the biggest among the other pathogenic organisms in the disc assay. 4. The antimicrobial activity of sephadex G-50 gel filtration chomatography showed in the 5th fraction. 5. The spectra of ultraviolet absorption exhibited around maximum peak at 270nm.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2020

Ingestion of food contaminated with microorganism, if not always, could lead to severe health problem. Preservatives has been added to food to prevent food from being contaminated with microorganism. But, these have potential to threaten the health. Therefore, much effort has been taken to find the safe materials showing the anti-microbial activity. In this study, we investigated the anti-bacterial activity of Oenothera lamarckiana aerial part extract against eight bacteria strain. In paper disc assay, extract inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus cereus and Shigella dysenteriae at 200 μg/disc, but not against Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhi and S. enteritidis. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus cereus and Shigella dysenteriae is 250, 250, 500 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. Compared with reported MIC of other plant resources, O. lamarckiana aerial part extract showed the relatively high anti-bacterial activity. O. lamarckiana aerial part could be suitable for the preservative development. But, it still remains to be studied to evaluate safety and so on.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1989

This paper dealt with the distribution of Shigella spp. on 5 piggeries in Taegu and Kyungpook during the period from August to October 1987. Isolated Shigella were examined for serogrouping, antimicrobial drug resistance and detection of R plasmid. Genetic properties of R plasmid in Shigella have examined to fertility inhibition (Fi) and gel electrophoresis was performed for the isolation of plasmid DNA. The results obtained were summarised as followings; 1. Of total 2,978 samples from 5 piggeries, 82 strains (2.8%) of Shigella spp. were isolated from 82 samples. The isolated strains were identified as S dysenteriae (60 strains), S flexneri (20 strains) and S sonnei (2 strains). 2. Of the 82 strains examined 67 (95.1%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics, such as ampicillin (Am), chloramphenicol (Cm), kanamycin (Km), nalidixic acid (Na), rifampicin (Rf), streptomycin (Sm), sulfademethoxine (Su), and tetracycline (Tc) and higher resistant to Su (90.2%), Sm (63.4%) and Tc (63.4%). 3. Of the 78 resistant Shigella strains 26 (33.3%) harbored conjugative R plasmids and the transfer frequency of Sm (50.0%), Cm(33.3%) resistance was much higher than that of the other drug resistance. 4. The most common resistant patterns were SmSuTc, Su and AmSmSuTc. 5. Out of the 26 Shigella R plasm ids examined for Fi, 14(53.8%) were $Fi^+$ and the remainder were $Fi^-$. 6. The plasmid DNA profiles in Shigella spp. (9 strains) isolated from pigs were confirmed as being 2 to 9 fragments by the gel electrophoresis. Their molecular size ranged 2.17 to 87.62 kilobase (Kb). All strains of Shigella spp. consisted in 15.4 Kb plasmids.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 1999

Prunus mume has been used for the folk medicine by many old civilizations to treat food-borne diseases or enteric disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of beverages containing Prunus mume extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Seven different types of Prunus mume extracts containing beverages have been prepared for the test in which minimum inhibitory concentration for each microorganism has been determined by serial dilution method using either TSA or TSB medium. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed least resistance and 0.3g/$m\ell$ concentrations of 5% Prunus mume extracts containing beverage had antimicrobial property against the organism. Beverages containing more than 15% of Prunus mume extracts showed antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms at the MIC value of less than 0.25g/$m\ell$. The effect of Prunus mume on the growth of food-borne pathogens has been also studied using a spectrophotometer. In the growth assay, each of the Prunus mume extracts containing beverage was added to the medium at the concentration of 25% (v/v). Beverage containing 20% Prunus mume extracts showed inhibitory effect on the growth of all tested microorganisms.