• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

This paper is analyzed for the thermal characteristics(1 year) of the 6 components(DC breaker, DC filter(including capacitor and discharge resistance), IGBT(Insulated gate bipolar mode transistor), AC filter, AC breaker, etc.) of a photovoltaic power generation-based PCS(Power conditioning system) below 20 kW. Among the modules, the discharge resistance included in the DC filter indicated the highest heat at $125^{\circ}C$, and such heat resulting from the discharge resistance had an influence on the IGBT installed on the rear side the board. Therefore, risk priority through risk priority number(RPN) of FMEA(Failure modes and effects analysis) sheet is conducted for classification into top 10 %. According to thermal characteristics and FMEA, it is necessary to pay attention to not only the in-house defects found in the IGBT, but also the conductive heat caused by the discharge resistance. Since it is possible that animal, dust and others can be accumulated within the PCS, it is possible that the heat resulting from the discharge resistance may cause fire. Accordingly, there are two options that can be used: installing a heat sink while designing the discharge resistance, and designing the discharge resistance in a structure capable of avoiding heat conduction through setting a separation distance between discharge resistance and IGBT. This data can be used as the data for conducting a comparative analysis of abnormal signals in the process of developing a safety device for solar electricity-based photovoltaic power generation systems, as the data for examining the fire accidents caused by each module, and as the field data for setting component management priorities.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.659-676
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• 2005

The novel form of composite walling system consists of two skins of profiled steel sheeting with an in-fill of concrete. The behaviour of such walling under in-plane shear is important in order to utilise this system as shear elements in a steel framed building. Steel sheet-concrete interface governs composite action, overall behaviour and failure modes of such walls. This paper describes the finite element (FE) modelling of the shear behaviour of walls with particular emphasis on the simulation of steel-concrete interface. The modelling of complex non-linear steel-concrete interaction in composite walls is conducted by using different FE models. Four FE models are developed and characterized by their approaches to simulate steel-concrete interface behaviour allowing either full or partial composite action. Non-linear interface or joint elements are introduced between steel and concrete to simulate partial composite action that allows steel-concrete in-plane slip or out of plane separation. The properties of such interface/joint elements are optimised through extensive parametric FE analysis using experimental results to achieve reliable and accurate simulation of actual steel-concrete interaction in a wall. The performance of developed FE models is validated through small-scale model tests. FE models are found to simulate strength, stiffness and strain characteristics reasonably well. The performance of a model with joint elements connecting steel and concrete layers is found better than full composite (without interface or joint elements) and other models with interface elements. The proposed FE model can be used to simulate the shear behaviour of composite walls in practical situation.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2020

Blind rivet nuts (BRNs) are increasingly used in automotive industry because unlike conventional bolt fastening, BRN fastening requires access from one side only. Generally, fastening is conducted using automated units, but manual fastening may be resorted to in case of small quantities. Since the fastening direction is not exactly perpendicular to the sheet metal, the BRN axis is tilted with respect to the plate and may result in damage or incomplete fastening. As the tilt angle (clamping angle α) increases, undesired plate deformation occurs and the contact area of the plate with the BRN fastening area decreases, reducing the clamping effect. In this study, the reduction of the clamping effect with the α was investigated to ensure stable fastening force. M6 BRNs were used in the tests. The fastening force was measured as follows: the plate was cut in half through the center of the hole; the BRN was inserted into the hole and fastened; and the clamping angle a was measured (values, 0° ≤ α ≤ 9°). The force leading to the separation of the halves was measured using a universal testing machine (UTM). The maximum α range, in which the fastening force remains stable, was determined. Finite element (FE) analysis confirmed that the fastening force decreases approximately linearly with increasing α. Based on the experiment and FE analysis using various α, the fastening force was found to decrease with α. Further, the maximum tolerance for α that provides secure fastening without damage is suggested.

• 멤브레인
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2022

음용수 속 암모니아의 존재는 인간의 건강에 매우 해롭다. 농작물에서의 비료 사용, 산업 폐수, 화석 연료의 연소와 같은 활동으로 인해 가용성 암모니아는 지하수를 오염시킨다. 물에 존재하는 암모니아 농도가 낮더라도 해양생물 등의 수생환경을 훼손한다. 막 기술은 암모니아를 물로부터 효과적으로 제거하기 위한 매우 중요한 과정이다. 평평한 시트 막, 막 접촉기, 그리고 막 증류법은 암모니아를 제거하여 물을 정화하는 데 사용되는 방법들 중 하나이다. 막 접촉기는 막 증류법과는 달리 상변화 없이 액체와 가스 간의 또는 액체와 액체간의 질량 전달을 통해 암모니아를 제거하는 효율적인 공정이다. 다만 이 방법은 pH가 매우 높아 암모니아 제거에 비용이 많이 든다. 제올라이트는 우수한 이온 교환 능력을 가지고 있는데, 이는 암모니아와의 상호작용을 향상시켜 폐수로부터 흡착하는 능력을 향상시킨다. 제올라이트를 함유한 혼합 매트릭스 막은 암모니아 흡착 및 폐수로부터의 분리 효율을 향상시킨다. 이 리뷰에서는 위에서 소개된 내용이 자세히 논의될 것이다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2023

In this paper, a powerful photocatalyst based on carbon nanocomposite is developed in order to obtain a new material applicable in water treatment and especially for the discoloration of effluents used in the textile industry. For that, TiO₂-graphene nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized by a mixture of Functionalized Graphene Sheet (FGS) and tetrachlorotitanium complexes to form FGS-TiO₂ nanocomposite. In the presence of an anionic surfactant, we used a new chemical process to functionalize graphene sheets in order to make them an excellent medium for blocking and preventing the aggregation of TiO₂ nanoparticles. The components of these nanocomposites are characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which confirms the successful formation of the FGS-TiO₂ nanocomposite. It was found that the TiO₂ nanoparticles were dispersed uniformly on the graphene plane which possesses better charge separation capability than pure TiO₂. The FGS-TiO₂ nanocomposites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity compared to pure TiO₂ for the removal of three dyes: such as Methylene Blue (MB), Bromophenol Blue (BB) and Alizarin Red-S (AR) in water. The removal process was fast and more efficient with FGS-TiO₂ nanocomposite in daylight (in the absence of UV irradiation) compared to pure TiO₂ nanoparticles without and under UV in all pH range.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2006

기존의 용융탄산염 연료전지용 연료극인 Ni-Cr전극은 제조과정이 복잡하며, 운전조건에서 전극의 소결과 creep현상으로 인하여 전극의 기공률과 두께가 감소하는 문제점이 있어 상용화에 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Ni-Cr계 전극보다 creep저항성이 우수하다고 알려져 있는 Ni-Al계 합금을 사용하였다. 또한 공정의 단순화로 비용을 절감시키기 위해, 소성과정을 제외하고 tape casting과 건조과정을 거친 green sheet를 단위전지에 장착하여 전처리 과정 중에 소결시키는 in-situ 소결법에 대해 연구하였다. 그러나 기존의 전처리 방법을 이용한 단위전지 평가에서 Ni-Al 합금의 상분리 현상으로 인해 기대하였던 creep저항성 향상을 확인하지 못했고, 운전중 Ni-Al합금 연료극에 단위전지의 구성요소인 matrix 기공크기보다 작은 기공(${\leq}0.4{\mu}m$)이 다량 생성되어 전해질 재분배를 일으켜 성능이 하락하는 문제점이 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 전처리 조건을 변화시키며 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 비활성 기체인 질소를 일정한 구간에 사용함으로써 기존 전처리에서 발생하였던 Ni-Al 합금의 상분리 현상을 억제할 수 있었으며 이로 인해 creep저항성 또한 향상시킬 수 있었다. 그러나 운전 중 생성되는 matrix기공크기보다 작은 기공(${\leq}0.4{\mu}m$) 형성비율은 억제할 수 없었다. 위의 전처리 조건을 가지고 단위전지 운전실험을 하였고, 전해질 함침비율을 조절함에 따라 성능을 향상시킬 수 있었으며 2000시간 동안 일정하게 유지함을 확인하였다. 이로부터 기존의 소성전극과 비교하여 많은 장점을 가지고 있는 in-situ 소결법의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.36-42
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• 1998

Treatment of a large diseased area with electron often requires the use of two or more adjoining fields. In such cases, not only electron beam divergence and lateral scattering but also fields overlapping and separation may lead to significant dose inhomogeneities(${\pm}20%$) at the region of junction of fields. In this study, we made Acrylic Electron Wedges to improve dose inhomogeneities(${\pm}5%$) in these junction areas and to apply it to clinical practices. All measurements were made using 6, 9, 12, 16, 20 MeV Electron beams from a linear accelerator for a $10{\times}10\;cm$ field at 100cm of SSD. Adding a 1 mm sheet of acryl gradually from 1 mm to 15 mm acquires central axis depth dose beam profile and isodose curves in water phantom. As a result, for all energies, the practical range was reduced by approximately the same distance according to the acryl insert, e.g. a 1 mm thick acryl insert reduces the practical range by approximately 1 mm. For every mm thickness of acryl inserted, the beam energy was reduced to approximately 0.2 MeV. These effects were almost Independent of beam energy and field size. The use of Acrylic Electron Wedges produced a small increase(less than 3%) in the surface dose and a small increase(less than 1%) in X-ray contamination. For acryl inserts, thickness of 3 mm or greater, the penumbra width increased nearly linear for all energies and isodose curves near the beam edge were nearly parallel with the incident beam direction at the point of penumbra width($35\;mm{\sim}40\;mm$). We decide heel thickness and angle of the wedge at this point. These data provide the information necessary to design Acrylic Electron Wedge which can be used to improve dose uniformity at electron field junctions and it will be effectively applied to clinical practices.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.665-670
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• 2016

The objectives of this study were conducted to characterize pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) extracted from bones (PSC-B), skins (PSC-S), and tendons (PSC-T) of duck feet and to determine their thermal and structural properties, for better practical application of each part of duck feet as a novel source for collagen. PSC was extracted from each part of duck feet by using 0.5 M acetic acid containing 5% (w/w) pepsin. Electrophoretic patterns showed that the ratio between α₁ and α₂ chains, which are subunit polypeptides forming collagen triple helix, was approximately 1:1 in all PSCs of duck feet. PSC-B had slightly higher molecular weights for α₁ and α₂ chains than PSC-S and PSC-T. From the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), higher onset (beginning point of melting) and peak temperatures (maximum point of curve) were found at PSC-B compared to PSC-S and PSC-T (p<0.05). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) presented that PSC-S and PSC-T had similar intermolecular structures and chemical bonds, whereas PSC-B exhibited slight difference in amide A region. Irregular dense sheet-like films linked by random-coiled filaments were observed similarly. Our findings indicate that PSCs of duck feet might be characterized similarly as a mixture of collagen type I and II and suggest that duck feet could be used for collagen extraction without deboning and/or separation processes.

• 멤브레인
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 PDMS (poly-dimethylsiloxane)와 PEBAX (polyether block amides) 분리막을 이용해 $N_2$, $O_2$, $CF_4$와 $SF_6$의 단일 기체 투과특성에 관하여 연구하였다. 다양한 압력으로 공급된 기체의 투과유량을 진공가압 연속흐름방식으로 측정하였으며, 이를 이용하여 투과도를 산정하였다. PDMS 분리막에서는 상부의 압력이 증가할수록 $SF_6$를 제외한 다른 기체의 투과도는 감소하였다. 또한 $SF_6$의 투과도가 $CF_4$보다 높게 나타나고 있으며 이것은 $SF_6$가 더 높은 임계온도를 가지고 있기 때문이다. PDMS 분리막에서 투과도는 $O_2$ > $N_2$ > $SF_6$ > $CF_4$ 순으로 감소하였다. 반면에 PEBAX 분리막에서 기체의 투과 경향은 $O_2$ > $N_2$ > $CF_4$ > $SF_6$ 순으로 감소하였다. 이러한 경향은 각 기체의 운동 반경의 크기(${\AA}$)($SF_6$ > $CF_4$ > $N_2$ > $O_2$) 순서와 반대로 나타났다. $SF_6/CF_4$의 순수 기체의 선택도는 PDMS 분리막에서 0.7 MPa일 때 2.1로 나타났다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 1998

Treatment of a large diseased area with electron often requires the use of two or more adjoining fields. In such cases, not only electron beam divergence and lateral scattering but also fields overlapping and separation may lead to significant dose inhomogeneities(${\pm}20\%$) at the field junction area. In this study, we made Acrylic Electron Wedges to improve dose homogeneities(${\pm}5\%$) in these junction areas and considered application it to clinical practices. All measurements were made using 6, 9, 12, 16, 20MeV Electron beams from a linear accelerator for a $10{\times}10cm$ field at 100cm SSD. Adding a 1 mm sheet of acryl gradually from 1 mm to 15 mm, We acquired central axis depth dose beam profile and isodose curves in water phantom. As a result, for all energies, the practical range was reduced by approximately the same distance as the thickness of the acryl insert, e.g. a 1 mm thick acryl insert reduce the practical range by approximately 1 mm. For every mm thickness of acryl inserted, the beam energy was reduced by approximately 0.2MeV. These effects were almost independent of beam energy and field size. The use of Acrylic Electron Wedges produced a small increase $(less\;than\;3\%)\;in\;the\;surface\;dose\;and\;a\;small\;Increase(less\;than\;1\%)$ in X-ray contamination. For acryl inserts, thickness of 3 mm or greater, the penumbra width increased nearly linear for all energies and isodose curves near the beam edge were nearly parallel with the incident beam direction, and penumbra width was $35\;mm{\sim}40\;mm$. We decide heel thickness and angle of the wedge at this point. These data provide the information necessary to design Acrylic Electron Wedge which can be use to improve dose uniformity at electron field junctions and it will be effectively applicated in clinical practices.