• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 나노 실리카 입자의 열처리가 전단농화유체의 유변학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 7 nm 크기의 직경을 갖는 나노 실리카 입자에 열처리(120 ℃, 180 ℃)를 하였고, 용매인 폴리에틸렌글리콜에 분산시켜 15 wt% 농도를 갖는 전단농화유체를 제조하였다. 이후 레오미터를 통해 제조된 STF의 유변학적 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 열처리된 나노 실리카 입자를 사용하여 제조된 전단농화유체의 최대 점도는 8.96 ~ 213.17% 증가하였고, 임계 전단 속도는 14.89 ~ 57.25% 감소하였다. 또한 전단농화 효과는 최대 54.17% 향상됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 향후 항공 구조물에 적용하기 위한 설계 요구조건에 부합하는 유변학적 특성을 지닌 고성능 전단농화유체 제조에 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2013

The development of high performance fabrics have advanced body armor technology and improved ballistic performance while maintaining flexibility. Utilization of the shear thickening phenomenon exhibited by Shear Thickening Fluids (STF) has allowed further enhancement without hindering flexibility of the fabric through a process of impregnation. The effect of STF impregnation on the ballistic performance of fabrics has been studied for impact velocities below 700 m/s. Studies of STF-impregnated fabrics for high velocity impacts, which would provide a transition to significantly higher velocity ranges, are lacking. This study aims to investigate the effect of STF impregnation on the high velocity impact characteristics of Kevlar fabric by effectively dispersing silica nanoparticles in a suspension, impregnating Kevlar fabrics, and performing high velocity impact experiments with projectile velocities in the range of 1 km/s to compare the post impact characteristics between neat Kevlar and impregnated Kevlar fabrics. 100 nm diameter silica nanoparticles were dispersed using a homogenizer and sonicator in a solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and diluted with methanol for effective impregnation to Kevlar fabric, and the methanol was evaporated in a heat oven. High velocity impact of STF-impregnated Kevlar fabric revealed differences in the post impact rear formation compared to neat Kevlar.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2016

Impregnation of shear-thickening fluid(STF) into high-strength fabrics makes a considerable improvement on the ballistic performance of fabric armors. Understanding dissipation augmentation due to shear thickening effects on yarn-yarn and yarn-projectile friction is of great importance in liquid armor research. This paper takes a shearthickening effect into account in numerical simulations by using a velocity-dependent friction model. Impact simulations were performed to validate the friction model as well as to evaluate the ballistic performance of STF-fabrics. Impact simulations on neat fabrics were also conducted to provide baseline results for comparison.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.272-284
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 개발 중인 전단농화유체(shear thickening fluid) 기반의 발파전색재료와 밀폐 플러그 장치의 효과를 평가하기 위하여 터널발파를 수행하였다. SAV-Cut공법을 적용하고 있는 터널현장에 STF 단일전색 및 STF 전색재를 플러그와 결합하여 적용하였고, 기존 방식의 모래전색을 적용한 케이스와 굴진율 및 파쇄입도를 비교하였다. 터널 굴진율은 3차원 레이저 스캐너를 이용하여 평가하였다. STF 전색재료와 STF 전색재료에 플러그를 결합한 경우 모래전색 대비 각 5.7, 5.36% 정도 굴진율이 향상되는 것을 확인하였다. 파쇄입도의 경우 STF 전색재료를 적용하였을 경우 가장 좋게 나타났으며, 모래 전색케이스와 비교하였을 때 약 61% 파쇄입도가 감소하였다. 그러나 플러그 장치적용에 따른 뚜렷한 발파 효과 향상은 관찰되지 않았다.

• Composites Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 Kevlar 직물에 전단농화 특성을 갖는 나노 실리카 입자를 함침시켜 저속충격 특성 및 마찰특성 실험을 수행하였다. 나노입자의 크기에 따른 영향력을 평가하기 위해 100nm, 300nm, 500nm 직경크기의 구형 실리카 입자를 충진한 전단농화유체를 제작하였으며 유변물성 시험을 통해 전단담화 현상 및 급격히 점성이 증가하는 전단농화현상을 확인하였다. 전단농화유체를 Kevlar 직물에 함침시켜 저속 낙하 충격시험을 수행한 결과 나노입자 처리를 한 Kevlar 직물에서 우수한 충격흡수 특성을 보였으며 특히 함침된 나노입자의 크기가 작을수록 충격흡수양이 증가하였고 변형의 양도 가장 적게 나타났다. Kevlar 직물 내에서의 얀의 Pull-out 실험과 직물간 마찰력 실험을 통해 나노입자의 크기가 작을수록 전단농화 현상으로 인한 마찰력의 증가가 더욱 크게 나타남을 확인하였다. 이러한 마찰력의 증가가 얀의 Pull-out 에너지를 증가시키게 되어 주요 충격흡수 메커니즘으로 작용하게 되는 것이다.

• Composites Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

칼이나 송곳 같이 날카로운 날이 있거나 같이 뽀족한 도구를 사용한 위협을 군인 뿐 아니라 경찰이나 경호원들에게 쉽게 일어날 수 있다. 이러한 위협으로부터 보호하기 위한 방호복의 소재의 적용하기 위해 방탄소재로 사용되는 Kevlar 직물을 사용하였으며 방검 및 방침 특성 향상을 위해 나노입자가 충진된 전단농화유체(Shear thickening fluid)를 함침하였다. National Institute of Justice 시험 격에 따라 송곳과 칼을 제작하여 낙하충격시험기를 사용한 방검 및 방침특성 평가시험을 수행하였다. 전단농화유체는 각각 100nm, 300nm, 500nm 기의 구형 나노 $SiO_2$ 입자를 충진시켜 제작하였으며 전단농화유체의 함침과 나노 입자의 크기가 갖는 방검 및 방침 특성에 대한 영향력을 평가하였다. STF를 함침한 Kevlar 직물은 송곳을 사용한 낙하충격시험에서는 미처리 직물에 비해 좀 더 높은 충격하중을 지지하며 견고히 송곳의 침투에 저항하는 우수한 방침 특성을 보여준 반면 칼을 사용한 방검시험에서는 효과를 보여주지 못하였다. 특히 전단농화유체를 구성하는 나노입자의 크기는 방침 특성을 결정하는 주요한 인자임을 확인하였다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2003

Associating polymers act as flocculants in colloidal suspensions, because the hydrophobic groups (hydrophobes) can adsorb onto particle surfaces and create intermolecular cross-linking. The steady-shear viscosity and dynamic viscoelasticity were measured for suspensions flocculated by multichain bridging of associating polymers. The effects of surfactant on the suspension rheology are studied in relation to the bridging conformation. The surfactant molecule behaves as a displacer and the polymer chains are forced to desorb from the particle surfaces. The overall effect of surfactant is the reduction of suspension viscosity. However, the additions of a small amount of surfactant to suspensions, in which the degree of bridging is low, cause a viscosity increase, although the number of chains forming one bridge is decreased by the forced desorption of associating polymer. Since the polymer chains desorbed from one bridge can form another bridge between bare particles, the bridging density over the system is increased. Therefore, the surfactant adsorption leads to a viscosity increase. The surfactant influences the viscosity in two opposing ways depending on the degree of bridging.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2019

Traffic flow capacity of some old road bridges is insufficient due to limited deck width. In such cases bridge deck widening is a common solution. For multi-girder reinforced concrete (RC) bridges it is possible to add steel-concrete composite girders as the new outermost girders. The deck widening may be combined with bridge strengthening thanks to thickening of the existing deck slab. Joint action of the existing and the added parts of such bridge span must be ensured. It refers especially to the horizontal plane at the interface of the existing slab and the added concrete layer as well as to the vertical planes at the external surfaces of the initially outermost girders where the added girders are connected to the existing bridge span. Since the distribution of the added concrete is non-uniform in the span cross-section the structure is particularly sensitive to the added concrete shrinkage. The shrinkage induces shear forces in the aforementioned planes. Widening of a 12 m long RC multi-girder bridge span is numerically analysed to assess the influence of the added concrete shrinkage. The analysis results show that: a) in the vertical plane of the connection of the added and the existing deck slab the longitudinal shear due to the shrinkage of the added concrete is comparable with the effect of live load, b) it is necessary to provide appropriate longitudinal reinforcement in the deck slab over the added girders due to tension induced by the shrinkage of the added concrete.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2003

It is expected that particle size distribution of any portion obtained through screening, is of more uniform than that of the original mixture, typically following such as log-normal, Rosin-Rammler distributions and so on. In this study, therefore, a new relation between parameters of the uniform distribution and flow characteristics of the coarse particle suspensions is derived based on the continuous polydisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa, 2002b), which is derived from the discrete polydisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa,2002a). The derived model equation predicts a linear increase of viscosity with shear rate, viz., dilutant flow characteristics. Further, the increase of viscosity is expected to be proportional to the square of volume fraction of particles, and to show the linear dependency on density and average diameter of particles. It is also shown that the uniform distribution model includes additional term that expresses the effect of distribution width. For verification of the model, the experimental results of Clarke (1967) are cited as well as in our previous work for the monodisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa,2000) since most parameters were varied independently in his work. It is suggested that the newly introduced term expands the applicable range compared with the monodisperse model.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2023

Oil was extracted from cashew nuts. The physicochemical parameters of the oil were determined. A chromatographic assay of the oil was carried out using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Seventeen compounds were detected: Phenol, Phenol 2-methyl-, Cyclohexene 4, 4-dimethyl-, m-Fluoro-2-diazoacetophenone 4-dimethyl-, Tetradecanoic acid, Phenol 4-octyl-, n-Hexadecanoic acid. Others are 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) - methyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, Methyl stearate, Dodecanoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid (Z, Z, Z)-, Oleic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Tetracosanoic acid and 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester. Among the components are omega three and omega six essential free fatty acids. The rheological profiling and flow properties of cashew nut oil were determined using a Programmable Rheometer. Cashew nut oil exhibits slight dilatant behaviour at the low end of shear rate. The long chain and high molecular weight of its constituents controlled its rheology. Long-chained 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) - methyl ester, Tetracosanoic acid and methyl stearate, coupled with their high molecular weights are responsible for the shear thickening effect observed. Two models, Carreau-Yasuda and Ostwald-de Waele Power Law were employed to fit the rheological data. The Carreau-Yasuda model followed well the data.