• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.25-31
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• 2020

This study analyzes the effects of aging workforce on human capital and the per capita gross regional domestic product, using regional panel statistics from 1995 to 2017. According to the results of the two-stage least-squares panel regression analysis reflecting the fixed effects by region, the aging of the labor force had no effect on the human capital employment ratio and per capita gross domestic product in the metropolitan cities, but reduced human capital and per capita gross domestic product in the provinces. The share of service businesses had a positive effect on human capital in metropolitan cities, but the effect was not significant in the provinces. Human capital significantly contributed to the increase in per capita gross regional domestic product in the metropolitan cities, but the physical capital stock significantly contributed to the increase in per capita gross regional domestic product in the provinces. The results of this study suggest that the human capital job policy and the per capita regional GDP growth policy due to the aging workforce may be different between metropolitan cities and provinces.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

The proportions of both the fishery industry and the gross regional domestic product in the national economy are gradually decreasing. If high value-added processed fishery products suitable for regional characteristics are developed, these proportions can be improved. In pursuit of this, it is first necessary to discover processed fishery products specialized in each region and then establish a development framework for them. In this study, location coefficient was used to find processed fishery products specialized in each region. Then, dynamic shift-share analysis was used to establish a development framework which consisted of four development types of processed fishery products. Based on the magnitudes of the industrial mix effect and the regional shift effect, the supporting strategy directions were proposed for four development types of processed fishery products. The supporting strategy directions were all focused on revitalizing the local economy.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.199-210
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• 2017

Background: This paper aims to demonstrate current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the years 2015 constructed according to the SHA2011, which is a new manual of System of Health Accounts (SHA) that was published jointly by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, and World Health Organization in 2011. Comparison is made with international trends by collecting and analysing health accounts of OECD member countries. Particularly, financing public-private mix is parsed in depth using SHA data of both HF as financing schemes as well as FS (financing source) as their revenue types. Methods: Data sources such as Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service's publications of both motor insurance and drugs are newly used to construct the 2015 National Health Accounts. In the case of private financing, an estimation of total expenditures for revenues by provider groups is made from the Economic Census data; and the household income and expenditure survey, Korean healthcare panel study, etc. are used to allocate those totals into functional classifications. Results: CHE was 115.2 trillion won in 2015, which accounts for 7.4 percent of Korea's gross domestic product. It was a big increase of 9.3 trillion won, 8.8 percent, from the previous year. Government and compulsory schemes's share (or public share) of 56.4% of the CHE in 2015 was much lower than the OECD average of 72.6%. 'Transfers from government domestic revenue' share of total revenue of HF was 17.8% in Korea, lower than the other contribution-based countries. When it comes to 'compulsory contributory health financing schemes,' 'Transfers from government domestic revenue' share of 14.9% was again much lower compared to Japan (44.7%) and Belgium (34.8%) as contribution-based countries. Conclusion: Considering relatively lower public financing share in the inpatient care as well as overall low public financing share of total CHE, priorities in health insurance coverage need to be repositioned among inpatient care, outpatient care and drugs.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2023

This paper aims to introduce Korea's total current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the year 2021 and their 2022 preliminary figures constructed on the basis of the System of Health Accounts 2011. As CHE includes expenditures for prevention, tracking, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compensation for losses to medical institutions from 2020, the details are also introduced. Korea's total CHE in 2021 is 193.3 trillion won, which is 9.3% of gross domestic product (GDP). The preliminary figure in 2022, 209.0 trillion won, exceeded the 200 trillion won line for the first time, and its "ratio to GDP" of 9.7% is expected to exceed the average of Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development member countries for the first time. Korea's health expenditures, which were well controlled until the end of the 20th century, have increased at an alarming rate since the beginning of the 21st century, threatening the sustainability of national health insurance. The increase in health expenditure after 2020 is partly due to a temporary increase in response to COVID-19. However, when considering the structure of Korea's health insurance price hike, where the ratchet effect of increased medical expenses works particularly strongly, it is unlikely that the accelerating growth trend that has lasted for more than 20 years will stop easily. More aggressive policies to control medical expenses are required in the national health insurance which not only constitutes the main financing sources of the Korean health system but also has the most powerful policy means in effect for changes in the health care provision.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 2014

This study, in order to complement instability of analysis result stemming from the choice between reference point and comparison point which is pointed out as the defect of shift-share analysis, conducted shift-share analysis using Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) trend of Geumgang area, Chungcheongnam-do for the period from 2000 to 2011. As a result of the analysis, (1) industries that had both the positive Regional Share Effect (RSE) and Industrial Mixed Effect (IME) were service industries such as manufacturing industry, electricity gas, transportation industry, art, etc., which are positively influencing the regional industry. (2) industries that had both the negative RSE and IME were other service industries such as wholesale and retail businesses, lodging industry, food industry, real estate business and leasing service, business service industry, public administration, etc., which provide basic livelihood services for the residents. (3) industries that had the positive RSE and negative IME were agriculture, forestry and fishery industry, mining industry, construction industry, and educational service industry. (4) industries that had the negative RSE and positive IME were info-communications industry, financial and insurance businesses, health industry, etc.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.539-549
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• 2023

Domestic processed food exports might increase due to the free trade agreement (FTA) and spread of the Korean Wave, Hallyu. However, the share of the domestic raw materials in the domestic processed food industry is very low at 31.4%, which limits the spillover effect on domestic agriculture. Therefore, we selected frozen dumplings as a representative processed food whose exports are growing rapidly and conducted a multiple regression analysis to examine the effects of Hallyu and FTA variables on the frozen dumpling exports. We tried to link them to an increase in agricultural income through the expansion of demand for the domestic raw materials. This study analyzed tariff indicator as the FTA variable, cosmetics export value indicator as the Hallyu Wave variable, and other variables expected to change the trade environment such as gross domestic product (GDP) and the relative exchange rate by country as the key explanatory variables that affect changes in the trade environment. The analysis showed that the core hypothesis, the Hallyu variable and the FTA variable, have a positive impact on frozen dumpling exports. Frozen dumpling exports are expected to increase as the FTAs and the spread of Hallyu are expected to continue for the foreseeable future. Therefore, we should seek ways to increase the proportion of domestically produced ingredients in the frozen dumplings to spread the economic impact to domestic agriculture. We reviewed previous studies and determined, the price-related factors play a major role in the use of imported ingredients, and that price stability and competitiveness are essential to increase the share of the domestically produced ingredients. Based on these conclusions, we reviewed the current status of food industry-related policies and determined measures needed to expand the use of domestically produced ingredients.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.148-155
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• 2010

After the first-ever international espresso coffee shop Starbucks Korea opened its first branch near Ewha University in Korea, positioning of divers foreign cultures among us and changes of life style due to the gross income growth have leaded to the growth of the number of needs for espresso coffee shops and, therefore, international espresso shops have been launching their shops in Korea. While the foreign shops have been holding most of the domestic market share, domestic espresso coffee shops like Hollys and Angel-In-Us have been penetrating the market with differentiated marketing strategies that a espresso coffee shop is no longer considered as just a shop, but a cultural product to Korean. Along with the recent changes, customers have started to laying emphasis on interior and each of the domestic coffee shops has been changing its interior designs by establishing own brand identification. Base on the Starbucks' success case, the domestic coffee shops have been adopting emotional marketing which would stimulate and arouse customers' emotions. The purpose of this study is to present systematic data which would be applied in an espresso coffee shop planning by researching applied emotional design elements of the domestic coffee shops interior designs in depth and finding their characteristics.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.523-531
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• 2021

Vietnam's Oil and gas industry make a significant contribution to the Gross Domestic Product of Vietnam. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has hit every industry hard, but perhaps the one industry which has taken the biggest hit is the global oil and gas industry. The purpose of this article is to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the share price of the Vietnam Oil and Gas industry. The event study method applied to Oil and Gas industry index data around three event days includes: (i) The date Vietnam recognized the first patient to be COVID-19 positive was January 23, 2020; (ii) The second outbreak of COVID-19 infection in the community began on March 6, 2020; (iii) The date (30/3/2020) when Vietnam announced the COVID-19 epidemic in the whole territory. This study found that the share price of the Vietnam Oil and Gas industry responded positively after the event (iii) which is manifested by the cumulative abnormal return of CAR (0; 3] = 3.8% and statistically significant at 5 %. In the study, event (ii) has the most negative and strong impact on Oil and Gas stock prices. Events (i) favor negative effects, events (iii) favor positive effects, but abnormal return change sign quickly from positive to negative after the event date and statistically significant shows the change on investors' psychology.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.374-378
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• 2019

After the announcement of Moon Jae-in Government's plan (Moon's Care) for Benefit Expansion in National Health Insurance in August 2017, it is necessary to monitor the effects of the policy, especially household out-of-pocket payments (OOP). This paper aims to observe the current status and trend of OOP in Korea. Current health expenditure (CHE) was 144.4 trillion won in 2018, which accounts for 8.1% of gross domestic product (GDP) increased 9.7% from the previous year. Although GDP's share of CHE has been close to the average of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, the public fund's share was 59.8% of the total in 2018, which was lower than the OECD average of 73.5%. OOP's share was 32.9% in 2018, which decreased from 37.4% in 2008. The share of OOP of non-covered services was 20.0% in 2018, which decreased from 22.9% in 2008. The share of cost-sharing with third-party payers was 12.9% in 2018, which decreased from 14.5% in 2008. The OOP of non-covered services was significantly decreased in hospital and inpatient curative care, but the OOP of non-covered services was significantly increased in the medical clinic. The effect of Moon's Care was not showed in OOP through the results of 2017 and 2018, but further monitoring is needed because the Moon's Care is progressing and the observational period is short.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.206-219
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• 2019

This paper aims to demonstrate current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the years 2018 constructed according to the SHA2011, which is a manual for System of Health Accounts (SHA) that was published jointly by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, and World Health Organization in 2011. Comparison is made with international trends by collecting and analyzing health accounts of OECD member countries. Particularly, scale and trends of the total CHE financing as well as public-private mix are parsed in depth. In the case of private financing, estimation of total expenditures for (revenues by) provider groups (HP) is made from both survey on the benefit coverage rate of National Health Insurance (by National Health Insurance Service) and Economic Census and Service Industry Census (by National Statistical Office); and other pieces of information from Korean Health Panel Study, etc. are supplementarily used to allocate those totals into functional classifications. CHE was 144.4 trillion won in 2018, which accounts for 8.1% of Korea's gross domestic product (GDP). It was a big increase of 12.8 trillion won, or 9.7%, from the previous year. GDP share of Korean CHE has already been close to the average of OECD member countries. Government and compulsory schemes' share (or public share), 59.8% of the CHE in 2018, is much lower than the OECD average of 73.6%. 'Transfers from government domestic revenue' share of total revenue of health financing was 16.9% in Korea, lower than the other social insurance countries. When it comes to 'compulsory contributory health financing schemes,' 'transfers from government domestic revenue' share of 13.5% was again much lower compared to Japan (43.0%) and Belgium (30.1%) with social insurance scheme.