• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.267-284
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• 2005

This study analyzes the effects of localities' competitiveness which can contribute to employment growth in industries, on economic development in the local jurisdictions. For this analysis, such competitiveness is measured by competitive shares calculated from the application of a shift-share method to the employment growth in industries each locality witnessed over the 1990s. And we use annual population growth rate and average annual per capita income (substituted by per capita head tax derived from income tax) of the early 2000s as variables of local economic development. The analysis targets 167 local jurisdictions in Korea for the employment growth in industries, and is mainly placed in a spatial econometric setting. The results of analysis are as follows : The competitive share of manufacturing has the effect of increasing annual population growth rate whereas that of construction has a negative effect on the population growth rate. As well, the competitive shares of manufacturing and of construction negatively influence average annual per capita income while that of community, social and personal services positively affects the income.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 1993

The reformed family law was enforced from Jan.1,1991 and the claim to division of matrimonial property in case of divorce, a newly enacted right in the law, is expected to increase the economic position of married women. By this system, married woman can claim her share in the matrimonial property in case of divorce if she verifies her contribution to it. But actually, household work of housewives has not been evaluated properly as compared with their husbands' work in deciding of property division rate, because there is no economic base about the value of household work. So, this study verified wives' role of contribution to matrimonial property and compared their work hours with their husbands. As the result, following suggestions can be presented. 1. The contribution rates of husband and wife to the matrimonial property have to be acknowledged equally and, in case of employed wife, her rate has to be evaluated higher than her husband. 2. Because the property division is not a solatium but a transfer of wife's share, responsibility which marriage has dissolved should not be taken more to women than men. 3. Decision of division rate has to be made regardless the amount fo property unless there are special reasons. 4. The donation tax and inheritance tax should not be imposed on matrimonoal property which was returned to wife from her husband.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.108-116
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• 2022

The children's clothing market continues to grow in Korea, despite the declining total fertility rate. This study aims to investigate the changes in Korean children's clothing market according to the launching time of brands. To this end, it analyzed 90 children's clothing brands in 2019. The results of this study are as follows. These children's clothing brands had been actively launched since 2000. Although the total fertility rate in Korea has dropped to approximately one percent, the number of children's clothing brands has increased significantly each year since 2005. Sixteen children's clothing brands were launched between 2005 and 2009, twenty-three were launched between 2010 and 2014, and thirty-five were launched between 2015 and 2019. Various brands are competing in Korean children's clothing market. Overseas brands have continued to expand their market share while the market share of domestic brands has decreased continuously. Clothing brands, including adult clothing brands other than children's clothing brands, are actively entering Korean children's clothing market. Many overseas, luxury, and sportswear brands have entered Korean children's clothing market. Many sportswear brands have launched children's clothing brands, with a significant increase since 2013. The results of this study show that Korean children's clothing market has changed from a local market to a global fashion market.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.159-178
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• 2011

Korea ranks high among the OECD member countries with a high out-of-pocket share. In 2006, the government implemented in full scale the policy of extending the health insurance benefit coverage. Included in the policy are lowering the out-of-pocket share of patients of serious case and expanding the medical bill ceiling system to mention just a few. This study proposes to confirm effectiveness of the benefit extension policy by identifying changes in 'out-of-pocket expenditure as a share of the ability to pay' and 'incidence rate of catastrophic health care expenditure' of each individual household as manifested before and after the benefit extension policy was implemented. The 1st and 3rd year data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS), conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA), were used for the analysis, where low-income households and ordinary households are sampled separately. While the absolute amount of 'out-of-pocket expenditure' occurred to the average household increased for the period 2005-2007, the 'out-of-pocket expenditure as a share of the ability to pay' decreased. At the same time, the share decreased in the case of low-income households and households with patients of chronic or serious case as contrasted with ordinary households. 'Incidence rates of catastrophic health care expenditure' of ordinary households for 2007 stood at 14.6%, 5.9% and 2.8% at the threshold of 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. The rates decreased overall between 2005 and 2007, while those of low-income households with patients of serious case statistically significantly increased. An analysis of this study indicates that it is related with the medical bill ceiling system regardless of incomes introduced in 2007.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.538-560
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• 2012

This study tried to find out the level of national health expenditure and associated factors in the OECD countries and then to derive lessons for Korea's health financing based on the cross-national comparison. As a result, Korea's health expenditure in 2010(7.1% of GDP) accounted for 74.7 percent of the OECD average and ranked as countries to spend less on health. At the same time, the socio-economic indicators such as GDP per capita, elderly population ratio and the total tax revenue to GDP also remained between 72 ~ 82 percent of the OECD average. The public share of health financing(58.2%) was relatively lower than those of other countries. However the health expenditure and the public share have grown 1.9 ~ 2.4 times higher than the OECD average over the past decade. According to the quantitative analysis, countries with relatively high income and elderly population turned out to have high health expenditure. Whereas, an inverse relationship was found between the total health expenditure and the public funding. It was estimated that the value of national health expenditure to GDP decreases 0.083 when the rate of public funding increases 1 percent point. Further, the share of public funding was affected positively by the total tax burden. Based on these findings, this study suggests that the sustainable spending on health and alleviating households' direct burden could be ensured by enhancing the share of public funding along with adjusting the tax burden of the people.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.329-342
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of investment by the National Pension Service, which has a high share as a single fund, on the dividend payout ratio. Design/methodology/approach - This study secured a share through DART of the Financial Supervisory Service and disclosure of the National Pension Service. We also used a fixed-effects model and 2SLS to analyze the data. Findings - First, it was found that there was a possibility of conflicting interests among shareholders concerning the company's dividend payment policy. Second, in the range of 3% to 4.9% of the National Pension Service shareholding, an additional increase in the holding ratio was found to have a positive (+) effect on the dividend rate. Third, after the introduction of the Stewardship Code, it was found that the increase in ownership of the fund had a positive (+) effect on the company's dividend payout ratio, regardless of the share ratio range. Moreover, the relationship between the fund ownership and the dividend payout ratio showed a clear positive relationship when free cash flow was high along investment opportunities were low. Research implications or Originality - First, This study included less than 5% of the share in the analysis. Second, We used the recent changes in fund shareholder activities. Third, We tested an instrumental variable to confirm the relationship between the National Pension Service share and the dividend ratio.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.21-41
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• 2022

The effect of change in exchange rates on an economy is very important, especially, to a small open economy like South Korea. I explore whether Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have positive influences on exchange rate-pass through import price of import market for fishery products in South Korea. Competition among FTA partners is enhanced after FTAs are effective. I expect that the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through (hereafter, ERPT) into import price of fishery products (in terms of Korea currency) would be reduced since the import market for fishery products in South Korea is an oligopolistic market. Specifically, I investigate two research questions with six South Korea's FTA partners-Norway, Thailand, Peru, U.S., China and Vietnam. First, whether the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through into import price of fishery products from six FTA partners would decrase in the post-FTA era; seconds, the size of reduction has a negative relation with the size of their market share in the import market for fishery products in South Korea if it decreases. The empirical results indicate that the degree of ERPT into import price from other FTA partners than Norway has been reduced after FTA, statistically and significantly; however, I do not find the evidence that the size of reduction is related to their market share. The findings in this study imply that FTAs have negative effects on producers' economic welfare in South Korea's fishery industry by reducing the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through as well as reducing tariff barriers.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.188-200
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• 2002

The WRR scheduling algorithm is widely used in ATM networks due to its simplicity and the low cost of hardware implementation. It guarantees minimum cell rate according to the weight of each queue. The fairness is a important factor for ABR service. That is, scheduling algorithm allocates network resources fairly to each VC. However, WRR algorithm shows worse performance on bursty traffic. Because it schedules input traffics according to predetermined weight, it can not satisfies fairness criteria, MCR plus equal share and Maximum of MCR or Max-Min share, defined by ATM Forum TM 4.1 specification. The Nabeshima et al algorithm is not adapt to network status rapidly because it is not compensate the weights of unused bandwidth to VCs and assign the unused bandwidth to VCs by RR method. In this paper, we propose a scheduling algorithm for satisfying the two fairness criteria, MCR plus equal share and Maximum of MCR or Max-Min share, among the six criteria defined by ATM Forum TM 4.1 specification. The WRR, Nabeshima et al, and the proposed scheduling algorithms are compared with respect to fairness and convergence time throughout experimental simulation. According to the simulation results, the proposed algorithm shows higher fairness and more rapid convergence than other algorithms.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.297-312
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• 2005

The multimedia traffic of continuous video and audio data via streaming service accounts for a significant and expanding portion of the Internet traffic. This streaming data delivery is mostly based on RTP with UDP. However, UDP does not support congestion control. For this reason, UDP causes the starvation of congestion controlled TCP traffic which reduces its bandwidth share during overload situation. In this paper, we propose a new TCP-friendly rate control scheme called 'TF-RTP(TCP-Friendly RTP)'. In the congested network state, the TF-RTP exactly estimates the competing TCP's throughput by using the modified parameters. Then, it controls the sending rate of the video streams. Therefore, the TF-RTP adjusts its sending rate to TCP-friendly and fair share with competing TCP traffics. Through the simulation, we prove that the TF-RTP correctly estimates the TCP's throughput and improves the TCP-friendliness and fairness.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.253-283
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• 2001

This paper attempts to account for the recent decline in the share of 'regular employees' among total employees. It finds, among other things, that the decline which began in 1993 is not associated with the changes in the composition of the worker groups that have differing tendency to work as regular employees. Overall, the decline in the share of regular employment is mainly due to the workers' increased transition probability out of 'regular employment', with the exception of the younger workers for whom the decrease in the rate of entry into 'regular employment' has also been an important reason of such a decline.