• 천문학회보
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.54-54
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• 2014

We use dense redshift surveys of nine galaxy clusters at z ~ 0.2 to compare the galaxy distribution in each system with the projected matter distribution from weak lensing. By combining 2087 new MMT/Hectospec redshifts and the data in the literature, we construct spectroscopic samples within the region of weak-lensing maps of high (70-89%) and uniform completeness. With these dense redshift surveys, we construct galaxy number density maps using several galaxy subsamples. The shape of the main cluster concentration in the weak-lensing maps is similar to the global morphology of the number density maps based on cluster members alone, mainly dominated by red members. We cross correlate the galaxy number density maps with the weak-lensing maps. The cross correlation signal when we include foreground and background galaxies at 0.5zcl < z < 2 zcl is 10 - 23% larger than for cluster members alone at the cluster virial radius. The excess can be as high as 30% depending on the cluster. Cross correlating the galaxy number density and weak-lensing maps suggests that superimposed structures close to the cluster in redshift space contribute more significantly to the excess cross correlation signal than unrelated large-scale structure along the line of sight. Interestingly, the weak-lensing mass profiles are not well constrained for the clusters with the largest cross correlation signal excesses (>20% for A383, A689 and A750). The fractional excess in the cross correlation signal including foreground and background structures could be a useful proxy for assessing the reliability of weak-lensing cluster mass estimates.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2020

인공지능 제품은 스마트폰이나 스피커, 가전제품에 에이전트로 내장되어 '인공지능 비서'로 활용되고 있으며, 현재는 약 인공지능 수준으로 에이전트의 성격, 목소리 등 의인화에 관한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 향후 인공지능 기술 발전으로 지능형 에이전트의 역할과 기능이 확장될 것으로 보이며, 사용자 유형, 사용환경, 에이전트 외관 등 에이전트 관련 다양한 속성에 대한 고려가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 강한 인공지능 에이전트가 나타나는 컨셉 영상 시나리오의 분석을 통해 사용자 관점에서 에이전트의 인터랙션 속성들을 유형화하였다. 연구방법으로 에이전트에 대한 이론적고찰을 토대로 분석을 위한 프레임워크를 구축하였다. 이후 대중화된 영상시청 플랫폼인 유튜브(Youtube)를 활용하여 다수의 영상 시나리오를 수집 및 선별하고 환경, 사용자, 에이전트 관점에 따라 분석하였다. 그 결과 시점, 공간, 형태, 에이전트 행위, 연동기기, 에이전트 인터페이스, 사용상태, 사용자 인터페이스 8개 속성을 유형화하였다. 이는 향후 상용화될 에이전트의 개발 및 예측 시 참고자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2000

This study aims to examine the characteristics of the water quality variation in relation to the change of water exchange rate with respect to the development phases of the Pusan port. To clarify the characteristics, water exchange caused by the variations of coastline shape and water surface area was examined by the numerical experiments using the Lagrangian particle tracking model based on 2-D shallow water equation. As the results of numerical experiments, it was proved that the water exchange in the Pusan port was decreased mainly due to the port development and the breakwaters construction. During the port development phases from 1875 to 1998, 35% of the sea-space in the port had decreased to make hinterland spaces. This resulted in the loss of wet-land and coastline change as well as decrease of the water exchange rate at the sea side. The city population in that period had rapidly increased from several thousands to 4 millions, resulting in the large discharge of sewages into the port area. Under the these environmental conditions, it can be clearly said that the water quality in the Pusan port is sensitively affected by the discharge of urban sewages decrease of the water exchange rate in relation to port and urban developments. In the study, the temporal changes of water quality were discussed with respect to the port development phases. It was clear that the water quality wad controlled by the exchange rate change under the port development as well as the input impact into the port from the urbanized city area. To make clean sea of the Pusan port, it is suggested that the sewage control, the water exchange and coastline control should be systematically checked under the concept of eco-friendly development and environmental management.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.310-319
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a resistance band training program on body composition, physical fitness, and health promotion behavior in nursing students. Method: This study has a one-group pretest-posttest design to examine the change in body composition, physical fitness, and health-promoting lifestyle profile after participation in the resistance band training program. Training consisted of hands-based exercises using an elastic resistance band for ten weeks. Participants performed the resistance band training two days per week with a sports trainer, and 30 minutes self-training three days per week. The participants were 21 freshmen in nursing. Results: Mean age of the participants was 20.9 years, and 61.9% were not satisfied with their body shape. After the training program, muscle mass, muscular endurance, and balance of the body were significantly improved. In health promoting lifestyle profile, categories of physical activity, health responsibility, and stress management showed a significant increase. Conclusion: Results of this study suggested that exercising with a resistance band improved body composition, physical fitness, and health promoting behavior in the nursing students. We propose that resistance band training should be suitable for those who have the environment with limitation of time and space.

• Strategy21
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• 통권38호
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• pp.221-249
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• 2015

The Royal United Services Institute(RUSI) was founded in the middle of the 19th century in Britain. It was developed through 'Naval Historical Revitalization Movement' in that time. Many celebrities and people who were interested in the Navy participated in the activities of the RUSI. For example, the forums and lectures were held by prestigious persons, like Sir Garnet Wolseley and the Duke of Cambridge. It also became the milestone for guiding the flow of the Royal Navy's thought with the Naval Intelligence Department and the Naval Records Society. The forum of the RUSI was the place for debating naval hot issues. The journal of the RUSI was the space for suggesting an idea and gathering public opinions for developing Britain's sea power. Therefore, the RUSI was the public sphere for the Royal Navy in the 19-20th Century. And especially, the paper prize contest of the RUSI was the culmination of the RUSI's activities for the Royal Navy. Naval prize essays gave messages to the Royal Navy about the changing situation of European naval powers. Also, they made many meaningful debates for the Royal Navy to overcome the difficult situations in that time. Those essays were reflecting the issues of the Royal Navy and leading the way for getting over it. Besides, some people appeared through the contest and they played important roles for making the contingency and planning the war. The contest reflected the past, anticipated the future, and selected the talented persons to shape the future. This developing aspects of the RUSI could apply to the Korea Institute for Maritime Strategy(KIMS). The KIMS already carries out the role of the RUSI very similarly. If the KIMS changes to the way for open-door policy to more people, it will work more efficiently for their goal. In this respect, the messages of the RUSI will be very useful for improving the activities of the KIMS.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2017

무선 센서 네트워크는 현실로부터 데이터 수집이 가능한 센서가 장착된 노드들이 무선으로 구성된 네트워크이다. 센서 노드들이 무선으로 구성되었기 때문에 배터리와 같은 제한된 전원을 가지게 된다. 센서 노드의 배터리가 모두 소모되어 버리면 해당 노드는 더 이상 사용할 수 없게 되며, 일정 이상의 노드가 죽으면 네트워크는 제 역할을 못하게 된다. 에너지 효율을 높이기 위한 무선 센서 네트워크 프로토콜은 여러 가지가 있으며, 그 중 LEACH Protocol이 대표적이다. LEACH protocol은 클러스터 기반 프로토콜로 센서 공간을 클러스터로 나누어 노드 간 송수신을 한다. 그렇기 때문에 클러스터가 어떻게 구성되었느냐에 따라 에너지의 소모양이 줄어들기도 늘어나기도 한다. 클러스터 선정하는 방법을 Fuzzy를 이용하여 개선한 세 종류 프로토콜과 기존 LEACH Protocol의 네트워크 수명을 비교해보고자 한다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to propose a method of developing an improved Hanok. To achieve this, an investigation was carried out on the factors of the main floor plan in the improved Hanok development and an interview was conducted with residents who live in the improved Hanok development. The conclusions obtained through this study are as follows: First, The shape of 一 was marked at the highest in the Korean traditional plan types such as 一, ㄱ and 田. It is considered that this reduces the cost of construction by simplifying the structure of the roof. Second, the size was consisted of $5{\times}3$ Kan, the Korean traditional module that determines the number of columns and expresses the position of the inner wall. However, the Kan measure ments for the bathroom and multi-purpose room differed. Third, 57.6% of the 2 bedroom units were investigated. However, 60% of the residents preferred 3 bedroom units. Fourth, the results of the relationship between the living room and the kitchen showed that the residents preferred L+DK type to LDK type by 54.2% and 45.8% respectively. Fifth, the residents preferred a bathroom constructed next to the bedroom because they considered that the improved Hanok development would be used as an Inn during holiday periods. Moreover, they desired a plan where the bathroom could be directly entered from the outside. Sixth, the design for the improved Hanok development should have a suitable multipurpose-room because 72.5% of the residents have extended their house to accommodate such a room. Seventh, 61% of the improved Hanok units had an entrance space, which does not exist in Korean traditional houses. For this reason, the Korean traditional floor (: the Maru) was avoided due to its inconvenience.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

We studied in order to find out suitable amounts of board by visual effects to establish indoor boards and human psychological effects by several board designs. Thirty students of C university were tested in constant temperature/humidity room and interviewed after tests. The experimental visual images were projected from 54' TV. As a result, the board length that showed high preference and satisfaction was the 90cm both horizontal and vertical direction. We found that vertical board gave an impression of a linear and narrow shape and the horizontal board gave wide space and cool feeling from psychological analytical study. The factors affecting satisfaction in horizontal direction were refreshing, intimacy, beauty, area, splendor and those in vertical direction were a sense of security, beauty, texture, intimacy, continuity, extensity, natural feeling. We got 5 factors from the result of factor analysis in order to get psychological factor axis. Those were pleasantness, artificiality, openness, dynamics, refinement. By multiple regression analysis, the factor pleasantness had the highest impact on visual satisfaction on scenary. The study on psychological factor difference by analysis of variance showed that psychologically feeling amount about pleasantness, artificiality, dynamics, refinement, and openness had statistically meaningful difference despite of board direction. We found that the 90cm had a tendency as a changing point leading image change by the investigative analysis of board direction based on factor points.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.997-1009
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• 2011

In order to estimate volume transport by upwelling for single artificial seamount, same shape and size of artificial seamount already deployed was applied to numerical experiment. The result showed that strong upwelling appeared at front while took place downwelling at rear. The strongest upwelling existed at the top of the artificial seamount. Volume transport by upwelling was computed as 785 m3/s. Column arrangement was applied to two artificial seamount in three cases; case 1) no clearance, case 2) sixty-five meters of clearance as half of artificial seamount's length, and case 3) hundred-thirty meters of clearance as an artificial seamount's length. All cases of column arrangements showed more upwelling volume transport than that of single seamount. Particularly, the case of no clearance calculated as 106% and appeared the most upwelling effect comparing to two other cases. Row arrangement was also applied to two artificial seamount in three cases; case 4) no clearance, case 5) forty meters of clearance as an artificial seamount's width, and case 6) eighty meters of clearance as twice of artificial seamount's width. Upwelling volume transport in case 4 increased 48% than the case of single seamount. Other two cases of 5 and 6 were estimated as 97% increased and more effective than case 4. According to the case experiments, column arrangements show more upwelling volume transport than that of row arrangements. In cases of column arrangements, with decreasing clearance between two seamount, the effect increases while showing maximum value at clearance zero. In cases of row arrangements, on the contrary, with decreasing clearance between two seamount, the effect decreases while showing minimum value at clearance zero. Since simple barotropic condition was considered for this study, further study is necessary by considering baroclinic condition to get close to reality. In conclusion, in deploying artificial seamount, optimal arrangement should be well designed to enhance primary and secondary productivity and to increase the diversity of species as well as reducing time and space.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

대공간 건축물의 특징 중 경량화 된 지붕 구조 및 재료의 사용으로 인해 지붕면의 손상이나 파괴 등의 피해가 많다. 대규모 경기장의 경우에는 지붕의 구조가 철골 트러스와 인장케이블을 기반으로 테프론이라는 막재료를 사용하여 구조체를 감싸거나 덮는 형태로 많이 설계가 되는데, 특히 이 막재료의 피해가 많으며 심각한 상황이다. 이러한 사례를 통해 대공간 건축물의 지붕에 대한 내풍설계 연구는 아직 미흡한 상태임을 알 수 있다. 본 논문은 쌍곡포물선 대공간구조물의 지붕의 형태에 대한 공기역학적인 특성을 알아보기 위하여 풍압실험과 유체해석을 실시하였다. 실험결과 바람이 불어오는 방향의 지붕 모서리에서 가장 큰 최소피크외압계수가 나타나지만 지붕의 길이방향으로 갈수록 최소피크풍압계수는 감소하고 있었다.